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Classic Graphic Design Theory Principles of Design: Unity

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Copyright © 1999 by Bonnie Skaalid

Classic Graphic Design Theory
Principles of DesignUnity

Classic design theory discusses unity in terms of the objects present in a piece of art. Regarded in this way, unity discusses the need to tie the various elements of a work of art together. Unity is a measure of how the elements of a page seem to fit together - to belong together. A unified work of art represents first a whole, then the sum of its parts.

Ways to Achieve Unity 

Pic:Proximity

Proximity

The simplest method of making objects appear to belong together is to group them closely together. This allows us to see a pattern. 

 

 


Repetition

Another method often used to promote unity is the use of repetition. Repetition of color, shape, texture or object can be used to tie a work together. 

Pic: Repetition

 

Continuation

A much more subtle method of unifying a work involves the continuation of line, edge or direction from one area to another. Continuation is often used in books and magazines to tie the elements of a page together with the use of rules, and by lining up edges of copy, headlines and graphics.

Pic: Continuation

This painting by Degas [1] has many elements of continuation. The circle of the girl's back is continued in the circle of the tub on the floor. The overhanging brush guides our eyes towards the objects on the table, which are arranged as a continuation of the circle. 


[1] Edgar Degas. The Tub. 1886. Pastel, 60 x 82 cm. Louvre, Paris.

Elements & Principles of Design: [Line] [Shape] [Texture] [Value & Color] [Space] [Movement] [Balance] [Emphasis] [Unity]

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