A Guide to the Two Versions of "June Second, 1910" in the Hypertext
Edition of The Sound and the Fury
by Peter Stoicheff
"June Second, 1910" is the second section of
The
Sound and the Fury. It is often called "Quentin's section" because
the stream-of-consciousness perspective throughout it is Quentin Compson's.
Unlike the novel's other three sections that take place at the Compson
home, this section takes place at and near Harvard in Boston, Massachusetts,
where Quentin is attending his first year of university. The section also
occurs at a different time from the other three. While their dates comprise
the Easter weekend of 1928, Quentin's section occurs eighteen years earlier,
near the end of his university year.
Standing back from the novel and looking at
how its overall sequence of narrative time is structured, it becomes clear
that it follows the traditional
in medias res structure (see our
visualization of this structure). The first section begins in the middle
of the entire narrative on Saturday of the 1928 Easter weekend; the second
section moves back in time to 1910; the third section will return to the
1928 Easter weekend (Good Friday); the final section moves ahead to Easter
Sunday. The various levels of narrative complexity in the novel tend to
obscure the in medias res structure, but the extended backward movement
in narrative time in Quentin's section is the first indication of its existence.
Even if Quentin's temporally anomalous section were removed from the narrative,
the in medias res structure would exist in miniature form; the text
would then move from Benjy's Saturday back to Jason's Friday and then ahead
to Dilsey's Sunday.
Geographical place and chronological order
are only two of the many differences between the structures of the novel's
first and second sections. Another is the way in which the second section
displays the mind's fluctuation between the present and the past -- Quentin's
mind in this case. In the first section, Benjy's flashbacks are extended
in length and triggered by external stimuli in the present and by sensory
association. Caught on the fence's nail in the present, Benjy recalls getting
"snagged on that nail" in the distant past; hearing the word "caddie" used
by the golfers reminds him of his sister whose name sounds the same. This
system of triggers remains intact throughout the section, although at times
it seems more complex, particularly when a trigger in a recollection leads
to the recollection of a different event without returning immediately
to the present. In the second section, Quentin's recollections are more
abstractly associative than Benjy's -- a thought, not only a sensation,
will begin a labyrinthine process of fragmentary recollections, often abbreviated
and intermingled with one another so that several can occur within the
space of two or three lines of text. This different technique reflects
differences in Faulkner's conception of the characters' mental processes.
These differences in the narrative methodologies
of the sections required different forms of textual representation in this
hypertext edition. The extended flashbacks of the first section, and the
fact that the several components of any one recollected event (such as
the eighteen of Damuddy's death) were arranged in chronological order,
were best displayed through the marginal coloured bars and numbering system
of that section. In the second section the recollections are not long enough
to permit the use of the coloured bars; the recollections are frequently
as short as one or two words, and often two or more recollections inhabit
a single line, making the coloured bars unfeasible as flashback indicators.
This edition of the novel therefore contains two versions of the second
section. One, called "Faulkner's
narrative text" is digitally unedited; the other, called "the
colour-coded narrative text," contains differently coloured text for
each of the section's thirty-one recollected events. This permits the indication
of more than one memory in a single line. On the right-hand margin is an
index relating past events to specific colours.
Nor do the recollections in the second section
arrange themselves in the chronological (if obscured) miniature narratives
characteristic of the first section, where the text's first "Caddy's wedding"
recollection is of the earliest part of that evening and the last is later
in the evening. Instead, Quentin's thoughts flicker among many recollected
events and the multiple recollections of one event are in no particular
chronological sequence. One of the main events Quentin recalls is a conversation
he had with his father at the end of the summer of 1909: it is recalled
several times, but not in any discernible temporal sequence. Often Quentin
returns to similar parts of the conversation, for instance, or to earlier
parts of it.
Yet another difference between the first and
section sections involves the dynamics of the recollections themselves.
Some critics have recognized how Benjy's recollections are so vivid that
he literally inhabits them; that is, he seems not to be conscious of remembering
per se, but instead re-lives an experience as if it is happening to him
in the present. This is another way in which Faulkner manipulates time
in the novel, in this case by having present and past fuse in the mind
of one character. Quentin's experience of the past is usually rather different.
Whereas Benjy consistently re-lives his past, Quentin usually remembers
his. Often Quentin recalls something from his past in a way that suggests
he is aware of the act of memory. Sometimes he even comments upon the memory
and analyzes it. Less frequently, he re-lives a previous event the way
Benjy does, with all the vividness of a present occurrence.
The "colour-coded narrative" version of the
second section also contains underlined links to various references Quentin
makes. Some are cultural and historical (he contemplates Afro-American
superstition, for example, and refers to such events as Decoration Day).
Others are intertextual -- the Bible, for instance, is invoked directly
or indirectly dozens of times in his thoughts. Several visual displays
of the section's narrative methodology are accessible as well.
"June
Second, 1910" (Quentin's section)
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