From: IN%"kah3@cornell.edu" 2-AUG-1998 13:12:02.87
To: IN%"c.moons@planetinternet.be" "c.moons"
CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Ethologie Network (E-mail)"
Subj: RE: Przewalski horses
A good start would by The Przewalski's Horse edited by Lee Boyd and me (K
Houpt) It is published by State University of New York (SUMY) Press and
costs about $20 in paperback.
On Fri, 31 Jul 1998, c.moons wrote:
> Hello everyone,
>
> After having been a silent -yet interested- observer for some time now, =
> I would like to ask for help.
> I am a Biology student at the University of Antwerp and next academic =
> year, I will do research on and (hopefully) write a thesis about the =
> effect of contraceptive techniques on the social structure of Przewalski =
> herds.
>
> However, first I need to find my way in the world of horse behaviour =
> more thorough than what I am familiar with so far. I was hoping some of =
> you might be able to suggest interesting literature about Przewalski =
> horses and horse behaviour in general.
>
> Thank you !
>
> Christel=20
>
From: IN%"w.schoo@noldus.nl" "Wineke Schoo" 3-AUG-1998 01:02:24.26
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: MB98: last chance to register !
MEASURING BEHAVIOR '98
2nd International Conference on Methods and Techniques
in Behavioral Research
Groningen, The Netherlands
18-21 August 1998
Dear Wineke,
With this message we would like to remind you that it is still
possible to register for Measuring Behavior '98. A few places are left
for participation. The registration fee is NLG 600 (students: NLG
300). One Dutch guilder (NLG 1) equals approx. US$ 0,50. The website
(http://www.noldus.com/events/mb98/mb98.htm) has been updated
thoroughly and now also contains the full program with all oral
presentations, posters and demonstrations. The site also has updated
information about exhibitors of books, instruments and software.
We hope to see you at Measuring Behavior '98!
Wineke Schoo
Chair Local Organizing Committee
Measuring Behavior '98
Conference Secretariat
P.O. Box 268
6700 AG Wageningen
The Netherlands
Phone: +31-317-497677
Fax: +31-317-424496
E-mail: mb98@noldus.nl
Web: http://www.noldus.com/events/mb98/mb98.htm
From: IN%"ivkovic@webster.ac.at" "Vladimir Ivkovic" 3-AUG-1998 03:10:52.07
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj:
Dear all
after listening to your talk for a while, I have finally decided to make
my presence known. My nave is Vladimir Ivkovic, and am a student of
psychology and philosophy at Webster University in Vienna, Austria. My
primary interests lay in the field of human ethology and evolutionary
psychology. Probably the most interesting part in it all is the potential
application of the knowledge gathered through the study of human and
animal behavior to SETI program (search for extra terrestrial
intelligence). In other words, the application of knowledge of
evolutionary principles of development of life on Earth to models of
evolutionary development of life on other planets. Although this does not
fit directly into ongoing discussions in this forum, I would be nmore than
greateful if you could direct me to an ongoing research in the field (I
have already contected some scientists in the field from Berkeley).
Thanks a lot for ayll possible replies,
Vlado
Vladimir Ivkovic
Schaeffergasse 18-20
A-1040 Wien
Austria
tel: ++43-1-585-22-17
fax: ++43-1-209-92-93-13
From: IN%"KAKerby@aol.com" 3-AUG-1998 11:13:54.51
To: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: RE: Goodbye Mr. Dodo
There are those conservationists, scientists, and general citizens who would
wistfully but confidently announce that the fight is over. They would
announce that we may as well focus our attentions on those battles more easily
won, let the at-risk species slide into oblivion, and do what we can to hang
onto what's left. There's a lot of statistical merit to that, and perhaps a
lot of common sense. In my own background working with zoos, one of the huge
questions is "which species do we save, and which do we let go?" As an
answer, one of my curators related a quote that "putting endangered species in
zoos is something akin to watching a huge art museum go up in flames, and only
having time to save one or two paintings." I don't know whose quote that is
(sorry!), but it's a sobering one.
Nevertheless, I firmly believe that the moment we decide we've lost, we have
indeed lost - regardless of the battle specifics. If we decide that all
these endangered species and their homes are beyond rescue, and turn our
attentions elsewhere, then the demise of those species and their ecosystems
will come as no surprise to anyone. Scientists may say "yes, too much damage
had been done, not enough genetic material left to work with, we had to focus
our attentions where they'd do the most good, etc etc etc........"
But I also know that sometimes when people refuse to give up on a goal, a
responsibility or a hope, they are able to accomplish the so-called
'impossible'. In my own sphere of interests, I'm looking into farming
methods that accomodate and in fact encourage natural ecosystem strength and
vitality, while the crops are in the field and the farmer is making a decent
living. I have read accounts where denuded, sterile soils were nursed back to
health, merely for the sake of bringing profitable crops to market, but in an
ecologically sound manner. Within a few years, plant, insect and small
vertebrate species which were thought extinct were reappearing. People had
given up on these areas, these species, yet there they were, thriving again.
Now, there are those who would call me hopelessly optimistic. Please believe
me when I say that I, too, have my moments of doubt and hopelessness, and I
think to myself "what's the use?" But I also know that if we don't keep
working, each in our own way, towards better animal management, farm
management, wildlife management, ecosystem management (whatever your
specialty, insert here) then we WILL lose ground, and lose more of the battle.
Yes, it may sometimes seem pointless, but I can guarantee you that I'll keep
working on my own little corner of a better planet until they put me in the
ground. Why? Because I don't want to live in a world of meadow simulations
and wildlife courtesy of Industrial Light and Magic (producers of Jurassic
Park, for those of you who didn't know). I get tired and frustrated and step
away from the scene from time to time, but I always come back to lend whatever
skills I have towards a healthier little world. I would ask that the rest of
you not give up either, and hang in there as best you can. We need you - your
talents, experiences and creativity. Don't give up.
From: IN%"aa266@cleveland.Freenet.Edu" 3-AUG-1998 12:57:37.07
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: RE: Przewalski horses
One of the world's experts on both of your questions is
Kathy Houpt, VMD, head of the behavior department at Cornell
College of Veterinary Medicine.
Reply to message from c.moons@planetinternet.be of Fri, 31 Jul
>
>Dit is een meerdelig bericht in MIME-indeling.
>
>--Boundary_(ID_QRrRg1yEaFf0CMR+QP1EUw)
>Content-type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable
>
>Hello everyone,
>
>After having been a silent -yet interested- observer for some time now, =
>I would like to ask for help.
>I am a Biology student at the University of Antwerp and next academic =
>year, I will do research on and (hopefully) write a thesis about the =
>effect of contraceptive techniques on the social structure of Przewalski =
>herds.
>
>However, first I need to find my way in the world of horse behaviour =
>more thorough than what I am familiar with so far. I was hoping some of =
>you might be able to suggest interesting literature about Przewalski =
>horses and horse behaviour in general.
>
>Thank you !
>
>Christel=20
>
>--Boundary_(ID_QRrRg1yEaFf0CMR+QP1EUw)
>Content-type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
>Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable
>
>
>
>
>
>http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
>
>
>
>Hello everyone,
>
>After having been a silent -yet =
>interested-=20
>observer for some time now, I would like to ask for help.
>I am a Biology student at the =
>University of=20
>Antwerp and next academic year, I will do research on and (hopefully) =
>write a=20
>thesis about the effect of contraceptive techniques on the social =
>structure of=20
>Przewalski herds.
>
>However, first I need to find my way in the world of =
>horse=20
>behaviour more thorough than what I am familiar with so far. I was =
>hoping some=20
>of you might be able to suggest interesting literature about Przewalski =
>horses=20
>and horse behaviour in general.
>
>Thank you !
>
>Christel
>
>--Boundary_(ID_QRrRg1yEaFf0CMR+QP1EUw)--
>
>
--
^ ^ DBC (aka D.B. Cameron, DVM)
< \ / > Animal Behavior Clinic 440/826-0013
! ! 18250 Main Street Fx: 234-3407
.. Middleburg Hts., OH 44130
From: IN%"JBrody@compuserve.com" "James F. Brody" 3-AUG-1998 19:13:52.82
To: IN%"paleopsych@kumo.com" "Paleopsych", IN%"hbe-request@a3.com" "HBES List Serve", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology", IN%"d.evans@lse.ac.uk" "Dylan Evans"
CC:
Subj: Sexual Selection: Saber Tooth Tigers
I posted the following at www.behavior.net/mhn/bolforum/message/27. =
Thought you all would enjoy it.
Jim Brody.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
Cat's Teeth and SNS
8/2/98
Adrian Lister reviewed "The Big Cats and Their Fossil Relatives" by Anton=
and Turner (Nature, 1998, 394, 334). He comments:
"The function of the sabre-toothed cats' distinctive flattened canines,
which could be as long as 28 centimetres, has been much debated. Turner
and Anton suggest that they were too delicate to be used on moving prey."=
I have a plaster saber-tooth skull in my office. Janet -- 16 years old,
owner of her own web site, and into wearing dog collars and skimpy clothi=
ng
-- commented that the teeth were far too large to be good for anything. =
She hadn't read Nature but is pretty good at repairing car engines. I thi=
nk
her intuition about the teeth is accurate.
We primates -- perhaps just us male primates -- note the teeth and react
with primate avoidance with thoughts of killing, blood, and pain. =
Avoidance is a useful tactic when you have puny legs, no claws, and teeth=
better suited for grinding things already dead than for making things dea=
d
in the first place. It's a particularly useful tactic when there are
cats. However, our adaptations for fear and avoidance can mislead us. =
Likewise, our adaptations for using tools and seeking "functions" in othe=
r
creatures' tools.
Those teeth were probably of greater value in sexual selection and perhap=
s
intimidating other male tigers than for actually cutting throats. The si=
ze
of the teeth may have been limited by homeostatic costs such as the
mechanical disadvantages that occur when a long lever encounters moving,
resistant flesh. We monkeys would use the teeth, once detached from the
cat, for making holes and ripping other creatures and for attracting fema=
le
hominids but not for attracting female cats.
Geoff Miller and Lister are both at University College and perhaps ought =
to
get together. Geoff is becoming the world expert on sexual selection and=
ought to be fascinated by the cat's teeth. The challenge for sexual
selection theory is why some cats grew big teeth instead of longer tails?=
=
Sensory mechanisms easily could "pull" an exaggerated feature along, once=
it became a salient item for the female to notice. Perhaps any change
towards larger, brighter, or livelier, will enhance attractiveness? It
seems to go that way with teenagers so long as the change draws attention=
to symmetry, relative waist size, and liveliness in females and to wealth=
,
strength, and dependability in males.
Incidentally, Anton and Turner's book is published by Columbia Universwit=
y
press and lists for $46.
From: IN%"imiuvezo@iunimi.it" "Istituto di Zootecnica" 4-AUG-1998 04:59:22.89
To: IN%"Marina.Verga@unimi.it"
CC: IN%"rc_rutt@ndirect.co.uk" "'rc_rutt@ndirect.co.uk'", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "'applied-ethology@skyway.usask.ca'"
Subj: RE: Clomicalm
Dear Mark and Chris,
I have overall responsibility for the technical aspects of clomipramine
within Novartis Animal Health, Basel, Switzerland. I would like to
quickly point out that the cardiovascular effects of clomipramine are
not the same in dogs as in people. We have administered 4-20 mg/kg (1-5
x the recommended dose) clomipramine to dogs and measured their heart
rate and ECG via telemetric methods. We observed no statistically
significant changes to either the heart rate or ECG, but there was a
trend towards a dose-related reduction in heart rate. The results will
shortly be submitted for publication. We did not see the potentially
dangerous cardiovascular effects (tachycardia and arrhythmias) that
occur, albeit rarely, with TCAs in people. We conclude that the
cardiovascular risk from clomipramine in dogs is considerably smaller
than with TCAs in people. So far, Novartis have not been notified of a
single case of cardiovascular problems with clomipramine in dogs.
It is easy to over-state the risks of TCAs in people. It has been
argued, for example, that the benefits of TCAs outweigh their risks
even in the highest risk group (acute recovery phase of myocardial
infarction) in people (Halper JP and Mann JJ Br J Psychiatry 1988; 153:
77-86).
I hope this is of interest, Yours Sincerely,
Dr Jon King
Development Manager Companion Animal Business Unit 2,
Novartis Animal Health Inc., CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
king.jonathan@ah.novartis.com
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Plonsky, Mark [SMTP:mplonsky@uwsp.edu]
> Sent: Freitag, 10. Juli 1998 05:14
> To: 'applied-ethology@skyway.usask.ca'
> Subject: RE: Clomicalm
>
> Chris,
>
> While it is true that the tricyclic antidepressants are not the safest
> drugs
> around, they are a lot safer than there predecessors the MonoAmine
> Oxidase
> (MAO) inhibitors. The tricyclic antidepressants have narrow margins
> of
> safety and effectiveness. Common side effects include grogginess,
> headache,
> constipation and weight gain. However, the antidepressant of choice
> these
> days for humans is the Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI's)
> such
> as Prozac. These are safer than all of the older antidepressants &
> easier
> to tolerate.
>
> Take care,
> Dr. P
> Dog Training Site - http://www.uwsp.edu/acad/psych/dog/dog.htm
> ----- Mark Plonsky, Ph.D. 715-346-3961 wk -----
> ----- Psychology Dept. 715-346-2778 fx -----
> ----- University of Wisconsin 715-344-0023 hm -----
> ----- Stevens Point, WI 54481 mplonsky@uwsp.edu -----
> ----- http://www.uwsp.edu/acad/psych/mphome.htm -----
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Chris Rutt [mailto:rc_rutt@ndirect.co.uk]
> Sent: Thursday, July 09, 1998 3:28 AM
> To: Plonsky, Mark
> Subject: Re: Clomicalm
>
> I had understood clomipramine ( and tricyclic antidepressants in
> general) in humans to have serious and potentially lethal side
> effects. Particularly reflex tachycardia.
>
> Chris
> rc_rutt@ndirect.co.uk
> http://www.rc-rutt.ndirect.co.uk/
From: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net" "Robin Walker" 6-AUG-1998 07:21:05.76
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology Network (E-mail)"
CC:
Subj: Gill Sheppard:Address
Dear Gill,
I have deleted your request unintentionally
and cannot respond with the information.(Gill is
a Research Assistant at De Montford University
can anyone help?)
Robin E Walker B.Vet.Med. M.R.C.V.S.
The Veterinary Clinic
78 Bromyard Road
Worcester
WR2 5DA
Tel (++44 (0)1905 421296
Fax ++44 (0)1905 422287
Centre of Applied Pet Ethology
Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors
If a madman were to come into this room
with a stick in his hand, no doubt we should
pity the state of his mind; but our primary
consideration would be to take care of ourselves.
We should knock him down first, and pity him
afterwards
Dr. Samuel Johnson 1776
From: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" 6-AUG-1998 09:05:36.36
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Prince Laurent Prize
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Dear All,
Please find attached some information about the Prince Laurent Prize.
I hope you many of you will compete.
All the best,
Frank O. =D6dberg
Prof.Dr.F.O.=D6dberg
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Production and Ethology
Heidestraat 19
B-9820 Merelbeke
tel: +32-(0)9-2647804
fax: +32-(0)9-2647849
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---- File information -----------
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Date: 6 Aug 1998, 16:58
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--Boundary_(ID_qtq8wP0M3whWL2wht6TRSg)--
From: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" 6-AUG-1998 11:31:47.06
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Prince Laurent Prize
--Boundary_(ID_lRQztcXmeLBGB1cRsIxMRg)
Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-description: Mail message body
Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
Dear All,
Please find attached some information about the Prince Laurent Prize.
I hope you many of you will compete.
All the best,
Frank O. =D6dberg
Prof.Dr.F.O.=D6dberg
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Production and Ethology
Heidestraat 19
B-9820 Merelbeke
tel: +32-(0)9-2647804
fax: +32-(0)9-2647849
--Boundary_(ID_lRQztcXmeLBGB1cRsIxMRg)
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-description: Attachment information.
Content-disposition: inline
The following section of this message contains a file attachment
prepared for transmission using the Internet MIME message format.
If you are using Pegasus Mail, or any another MIME-compliant system,
you should be able to save it or view it from within your mailer.
If you cannot, please ask your system administrator for assistance.
---- File information -----------
File: prizef~1.doc
Date: 6 Aug 1998, 16:58
Size: 22528 bytes.
Type: Unknown
--Boundary_(ID_lRQztcXmeLBGB1cRsIxMRg)
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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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--Boundary_(ID_lRQztcXmeLBGB1cRsIxMRg)--
From: IN%"mlos@ciudad.com.ar" "Mario Lopez Oliva" 7-AUG-1998 05:41:17.37
To: IN%"VETLIB-L@VTVM1.CC.VT.EDU" "Vetlib", IN%"tolomatas@redestb.es" "Toto Matas", IN%"solynor@adinet.com.uy", IN%"socmedvetar@ciudad.com.ar" "Sociedad de Medicina Veterinaria", IN%"sivelp@pn.itnet.it" "Sindicato Italiano de Veterinarios", IN%"rdehave
CC:
Subj: Suscripcion a la AAVE
En este mail se describe la forma de suscribirse al forum de la A.A.V.E
Asociación Argentina de Veterinaria Equina ) que funciona en el server de
la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de Buenos Aires._ Este forum
tiene la finalidad de darle a todos los especialistas en equinos de habla
hispana y del mundo, un lugar donde poder hacer preguntas sobre casos
clínicos y enviar respuestas, así como también de poner a disposición de
todos los colegas un lugar de discusión y análisis de todos los temas
relacionados con nuestra especialidad y profesión.
Enviar e-mail dirigido a MDaemon@fvet.uba.ar, dejar vacío el título.
En la primer línea del cuerpo del mensaje poner SUBSCRIBE aave
Eso es todo.
Funciona perfecto.
Dr Mario Lopez Oliva
Tel 54-1-7849498
mlos@ciudad.com.ar
ICQ# 6596304
From: IN%"cmejdell@online.no" "Cecilie M. Mejdell" 7-AUG-1998 06:05:41.02
To: IN%"ETHOLOGY@SEGATE.SUNET.SE", IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Crocodiles
The Norwegian Council on Animal Ethics is searching information on
crocodile farming (crocodiles, alligators). We are interested in
information on welfare related issues, as disease problems, injuries and
disturbed behaviour under farming conditions, and also information on
farming procedures, handling, physical and behavioural needs, space
requirements, slaughtering methods, etc.
Can anyone help us?
Cecilie Mejdell
Dr. Cecilie Mejdell
Council on Animal Ethics
Arnemoveien 6
N-2500 Tynset
Norway
T. (47) 62482026
F. (47) 62482326
E-mail: cmejdell@online.no
From: IN%"research@scz.org" "Emily Weiss" 7-AUG-1998 09:56:21.46
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: internship opportunity
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--Boundary_(ID_0efx0LpNKLMafsN9ZTBlhA)
Content-type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable
The department of Behavior and Research at the Sedgwick County Zoo is =
pleased to announce an internship program for students studying animal =
behavior. The program is designed to train students to conduct research, =
train animals and improve welfare in the zoo setting. Projects range =
from observational studies of animals in their environments, to =
biological studies of such diverse topics as stress and reproduction.=20
Students will need to meet the following requirements: Juniors, seniors, =
and graduate students in the fields of comparative psychology, =
psychobiology, zoology and related fields. Students must have had at =
least one year of statistics, one semester of animal behavior, and at =
least classroom experience in the area of research methods. A GPA of at =
least 3.0 is recommended. Students need to be self-starters and =
self-motivators. Students need to be able to work flexible and sometimes =
unusual hours. Students need to have good library skills.=20
Students will be expected to write proposals, gather data, conduct =
literature searches, and other such research responsibilities. While it =
is expected for students to understand the basics of these areas, they =
will be taught how to conduct such tasks. Some projects will call for =
hands on opportunities with the zoo collection, while other projects =
will focus more on samples and/or observation.=20
For more information contact:=20
Emily Weiss
Curator of Behavior & Research
Sedgwick County Zoo
Wichita Ks, 67212
(316) 942-2212 ex 257
--Boundary_(ID_0efx0LpNKLMafsN9ZTBlhA)
Content-type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable
The department of Behavior and Research at the Sedgwick County Zoo is =
pleased=20
to announce an internship program for students studying animal behavior. =
The=20
program is designed to train students to conduct research, train animals =
and=20
improve welfare in the zoo setting. Projects range from observational =
studies of=20
animals in their environments, to biological studies of such diverse =
topics as=20
stress and reproduction.
Students will need to meet the following requirements: Juniors, =
seniors, and=20
graduate students in the fields of comparative psychology, =
psychobiology,=20
zoology and related fields. Students must have had at least one year of=20
statistics, one semester of animal behavior, and at least classroom =
experience=20
in the area of research methods. A GPA of at least 3.0 is recommended. =
Students=20
need to be self-starters and self-motivators. Students need to be able =
to work=20
flexible and sometimes unusual hours. Students need to have good library =
skills.=20
Students will be expected to write proposals, gather data, conduct =
literature=20
searches, and other such research responsibilities. While it is expected =
for=20
students to understand the basics of these areas, they will be taught =
how to=20
conduct such tasks. Some projects will call for hands on opportunities =
with the=20
zoo collection, while other projects will focus more on samples and/or=20
observation.
For more information contact: =
Emily Weiss
Curator of Behavior =
&=20
Research
Sedgwick County Zoo
Wichita Ks, 67212
(316) 942-2212 =
ex=20
257
--Boundary_(ID_0efx0LpNKLMafsN9ZTBlhA)--
From: IN%"kats@missingpet.org" "Kat Albrecht" 7-AUG-1998 10:08:50.13
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Iguana Question
Greetings,
I have a question about iguana behavior. We will be searching for
an escaped iguana tommorrow and I want to see if I can get more insight on
their behavior in the wild.
This iguana is rather tame (has appeared in a few music videos and
in television shows) but got spooked and took off from it's owner at the
owner's home. The house is situated next to a creek surrounded by berry
bushes, thick vegetation, thick brush/branches and many trees.
One of our search dogs worked up to a log but could not move on due
to thick vegetation. The dog gave airscent alerts, indicating that she was
picking up the airborne scent. We believe that the scent was coming from
the thick trees that we could not get to because of the wind current at the
time of the dog's alerts.
The iguana has been outside for a week now. Temperatures range from
lows in the 60's (cool, coastal morning fog) to highs in the high 70's or
low 80's. From what I have gathered, iguanas are somewhat territorial in
nature. I need to confirm that. This iguana has water, a food source and
plenty of trees to climb and bask in the sunlight. From the little that I
have learned about them, it seems that he will not travel very far unless he
gets spooked.
Any ideas or suggestions would be appreciated. I've also heard that
even if we locate him, catching him will be the real challenge. I told the
owner to get her hands on a catch pole (I think that is what they are called).
ANY suggestions, input, ideas or stories of iguanas that were
missing and later found (like the distances that they traveled) would be
helpful and appreciated. Any iguana e-mail lists or websites would also be
helpful. Thanks.
Kat & Dogs
Kathy "Kat" Albrecht
Executive Director
National Center For Missing Pets
*Exciting Search & Rescue Stories *Tips on Finding Lost Pets *Forensic
Applications To Missing Pet Investigations *Pet Search & Rescue *If You Own
A Pet, Come Visit Us!
http://www.missingpet.org
From: IN%"JBrody@compuserve.com" "James F. Brody" 10-AUG-1998 13:42:08.75
To: IN%"Blind.Copy.Receiver@compuserve.com"
CC:
Subj: Healing the Moral Animal
Dear Colleague ,
I notified you earlier about "Healing the Moral Animal: Lessons from
Evolution," taught as part of the 19th Cape Cod Institute, itself sponsor=
ed
by Albert Einstein Medical College, Bronx, NY. Speakers were:
Robert Wright, author of The Moral Animal: The New Science of Evolutionar=
y
Psychology
Russell Gardner, M.D., Harry K Davis Professor of Psychiatry, University =
of
Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, on "The Moral Animal is a
gregarious, friendly, storytelling animal" or "The Need for a Basic Scien=
ce
of Psychiatry."
John Pearce, M.D., on "Our Evolved Natures." Pearce is co-author of Exil=
es
from Eden, the 1st book on evolutionary psychotherapy.
Jim Brody, Ph.D., on "Behavior Genetics: Here Comes Granddad Again" and o=
n
"Clinical Sociobiology: Evolutionary Psychotherapy."
Frank Sulloway, author of Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics, an=
d
Creative Lives made a guest appearance with us on Monday, July 20th. Dr.=
Sulloway is currently with the Institute for Advanced Study in the
Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.
The students -- a mix of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, an=
d
counselors -- were noteworthy not only for their interest in clinical
applications of evolutionary models. The course offered 15 CME units,
earned by participation from 9 AM-12:15 PM. One-third of them remained f=
or
extended sessions from a little after noon until 2 PM on 4 of the days;
one-third of them attended evening seminars that ran from 7 PM until abou=
t
9:30 PM. They attended despite all the distractions of Cape Cod in the
summer!
The evening seminars, unusual for the Institute, were devoted to:
"Genes: Conversationalists or Conductors?" led by John Fentress, Ph.D. an=
ethologist and neuroscientist from Dalhousie University
"Evolutionary Psychology and the DSM" led by Dylan Evans, Ph.D. candidate=
at the London School of Economics
"Complexity Theory and Diagnostics: Getting the Client to 'Maybe'" by Jim=
Brody.
The course manual (375 pp.) is now under consideration for publication;
notes from the seminars will be available soon and distributed by email o=
r
posted on the internet.* Please send me an email at jbrody@compuserve.co=
m
if you wish a copy sent directly to you.
* At www.behavior.net/mhn/bolforum/message/27, a forum that is part of
Behavior OnLine and devoted to the topic of evolutionary psychology and
clinical application. Note also that Behavior OnLine, a collection of
more than a dozen forums on clinical psychology and psychiatry was
recently:
Selected "Website of the Month" for March 1998 by the APA Monitor, the
first site so designated. The Monitor is an official publication of the
American Psychological Assn.
Selected as one of 11 web sites included in "Who's Who on the Web" by Hom=
e
Office Computing magazine
Selected as a "Recommended Website" by Encyclopedia Britannica.
From: IN%"JBrody@compuserve.com" "James F. Brody" 11-AUG-1998 14:52:14.01
To: IN%"hbe-request@a3.com" "HBES List Serve", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology", IN%"paleopsych@kumo.com" "Paleopsych"
CC:
Subj: Seminar Notes: Genes as Conversationalists
The following are notes, prepared by John Fentress and slightly revised b=
y
Jim Brody. Comments are welcome!
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
Date: Sat, 8 Aug. 1998 (Summary Date)
Tuesday, July 21, 1998. 7 P.M. - 9 P.M. (Seminar Date)
GENE CONVERSATIONALISTS AND CONDUCTORS
John Fentress, Ph. D.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
Dalhousie University
Halifax, Nova Scotia, CA B3H 4J1
fentress@is.dal.ca
=
15 attended John's presentation and discussion in the family room at the
speakers' house.
INTRODUCTION:
Instruction versus selection models are now hotly explored in psychology,=
neuroscience and a variety of other biological fields. Nearly all worker=
s
today ADOPT a broad epigenetic approach. THIS APPROACH PLACES EQUAL STRE=
SS
UPON GENETIC AND EXPERIENTIAL EVENTS, AND THUS incorporates developmenta=
l
conversations between defined intrinsic and extrinsic factors. IT is muc=
h
more productive (and reproductive) THAN ARTIFICIAL DICHOTOMIES THAT ATTEM=
PT
TO TREAT EITHER GENES OR EXPERIENCES IN ISOLATION. Adaptive behavior
reflects the match between organism and environment at every phase of
developmental trajectories, the outcomes of that match heavily influencin=
g
reproductive success.
Bob Wright said earlier, "One thing genes do is set up flexible behaviora=
l
programs." Mechanisms are unknown but may have been reflected in
archetypes, ethology, or developmental neuroscience. Constraints are
likewise unknown. There are roles and limits for experience. The challeng=
e
is to examine both developmental constraints and rules for plasticity
within a unified context.
EXPERIENCE:
As a starter, it is useful to think of experience as a much broader conce=
pt
than learning. Experiences are essentially everything impinging upon (a=
nd
processed by?) the developing organism. Developmental boundaries open a=
nd
close. Different genetic backgrounds can produce very different
consequences from the same experience. Experiences may add information o=
r
select (and amplify) preexisting potentials. On the other hand, biologic=
al
systems do not just "mirror" the details of experience, but amplify,
distort, and elaborate upon these details. And there are times when
organisms seem quite insensitive to events that have a major impact at
others.
ISO Systems:
Instruction, selection, and support interact to produce "interactive,
self-organizing systems" (ISO) that result in ontogenetic adaptations. I=
SO
systems represent an attempt to bring together the two basic facts of
organisms interacting with (and responding to) their environments, and al=
so
utilizing inputs from these environments to enhance as well as modify
ongoing developmental processes. That is, developmental experiences
should not be viewed as writing instructions upon a blank slate, but as
modulating developmental processes that reflect both the organism's genet=
ic
makeup and its previous developmental history.
THE THREE LITTLE P'S:
I reflect my wolf bias through analogy to the story of the three little
pigs. First, it is essential to deal with behavior as a process, that is=
to evaluate its dynamic properties over a number of time frames. Second,=
these processes are in some sense patterned (and thus representing both
separable and interconnected events) rather than continuous (diffuse). =
Third, behavior is a phenotype. One can summarize this analogy by sayin=
g
process is the straw house of behavior, with pattern the stick house, and=
phenotype the brick house. The idea is that different properties of
behavior range from ephemeral and continuous events, through dynamic
systems and finally stabilizing constraints. We do not understand well h=
ow
these different aspects of behavior operate together.
DEFINING ENVIRONMENTS.
There are immediate and remote influences on the outcome of individual
development. That is, organisms are sensitive to selected aspects of the=
ir
environment ("Immediate Environment) while being insensitive to other
physical events ("remote environment"). Thus, it is important to detail
which aspects of the environment are respondED to throughout development.=
=
The direction of response can then be documented. Even though the organi=
sm
does not (by definition) respond directly to "remote" environmental
features, these features can influence the "immediate" environment, and
thus indirectly affect behavior, and its development. It is therefore
often difficult to know where to look for potentially important
developmental events.
DYNAMIC NETWORK ANALYSES (DNA)
DNA is of course the bottom rock in evolutionary psychology. Genes set th=
e
ultimate potentialities and constraints in adaptive behavior. While
acknowledging this, the emphasis of the present seminar was upon dynamic
networks that link experiences across multiple channels., including those=
that have strong genetic constraints. The gap between the DNA of genes
and behavior is huge, and thus Dynamic Network Analyses are needed to tra=
ce
the various pathways during ontogeny that make adaptive behavior possible=
=2E =
Such studies can be carried out at many levels, ranging from biochemical
pathways through cognitive and social operations of great complexity. Th=
e
search for generalizations that cross these levels of complexity, as well=
as the transformations that occur when the levels are crossed, is at a ve=
ry
early stage. Evolutionary psychology can offer important insights into
which search procedures are likely to be productive.
The linear model of a gene "causing" a particular piece of behavior is
misleading, despite use of the model in conversation and in the press. =
Dynamic Network Analysis implies that several genes may influence a commo=
n
outcome; as such, the pattern of influence is often more stable than any
single gene's activity. Likewise, each gene may participate in several
different outcomes, each outcome associated with a different cluster of
genes.
Tinbergen's concept of a tight relationship between evolution, individual=
development, immediate and distal causes for a behavior, and the function=
of a behavior is still useful. It is possible to apply this concept at
varied levels (social/ecological, organismic, and mechanistic) and at
varied times in the life of a creature or a species. Evolutionary histor=
y,
thus, is expressed in different environmental contexts.
EXAMPLES:
The issues in developmental (epigenetic) analysis can get complex. Withi=
n
this complexity is the basic fact that experience and genes can interact =
in
multiple ways. If one starts with the very beginnings of differentiatio=
n
in development, it is clear that experience and genes are in some sense
inseparably linked.
For example, the cells in our noses, eyes, and ears are for all practical=
purposes genetically indistinguishable. Yet these structures, and their
functions, are certainly distinctive! How does this happen? It happens =
in
part through different experiences that precursor cells (cells that later=
become noses, eyes, and ears) have as development unfolds. These
differences in experience come from many different sources, including the=
relative positioning of cells in the embryo. The cells have different
neighbors, and thus different micro-environments. Different genes are
activated in different patterns, and different structures/functions emerg=
e.
A natural history example involves locusts. Locusts of certain species c=
an
occur in both solitary and migratory phases. Animals in these two phases=
look and behave very differently from one another yet they are geneticall=
y
indistinguishable. How can that happen? In this case one key issue is
nutritional state. If the animals have a nutritionally rich (complete)
environment, they develop into solitary animals with heavy bodies and sho=
rt
wings. However, if early nutrition is compromised (such as through
diminished plant material), then the animals develop into the migratory
phase with slender bodies and long wings. What happens is that different=
genes are activated in different contexts due to differences in internal
state. A given animal can become either a solitary or migratory locust
depending upon experience. The transformation of potential worker bees =
to
queen bees represents a conceptually similar example.
It is important to take both experience and genetics into account. Thus,=
Skomer voles which are notoriously tame are only tame if they have the
correct genetic makeup and also correct early experience. Bank voles are=
genetically similar, but very timid. If a Skomer vole is cross-fostered=
to a Bank vole, it becomes skittish, as is a Bank vole either raised by i=
ts
mother or cross-fostered to a Skomer vole. The only way one gets a tame=
vole is to have both Skomer genes and Skomer early experience.
Different subspecies of peromyscus (field mice) live in different habitat=
s.
Again, habitat preference depends upon complex (but rule given)
combinations of early experience and genetics. The same can be seen for
essentially all forms of adaptive behavior. Of course, some action
potentials seem to be more tightly constrained than are others. Others
are more flexible. Even here the issue is complicated by the fact that
relative constraint versus flexibility can depend upon which particular
variables are chosen for investigation.
The bottom line is that every action that an organism shows reflects its
genetic potential. However, this is very different from concluding that
experience is unimportant in promoting or dampening this potential. =
Further, organisms have multiple potentials, and strong expressions of so=
me
can block the expressions of others (as in the locust example).
As a pragmatic issue, science can only study differences between events. =
Thus, if one has two strains of mice, one might fight and the other might=
not. This difference can be taken to reflect a difference in genotype. =
However, this does not mean that fighting is genetically predetermined in=
one strain, or genetically precluded in the other. If either strain is
reared under different conditions it might well be possible to produce on=
e
group of mice that fights and another does not fight. Obviously, one wou=
ld
not want to conclude that genes are irrelevant. It's just that experienc=
e
is also relevant. The situation can get more complex, for which strain
fights (or does not fight) can depend upon developmental events; that is,=
a
fighting strain under one set of conditions might become docile under
another set of conditions, and vice versa.
One simple conclusion is that organisms do not simply "mirror" their
experiences, as if these experiences operate in a vacuum. The extent to
which differences affect behavior, and the direction of that effect,
depends on the organism's current phenotypic state, and that state in tur=
n
includes its genetic makeup and previous history of experiences. Genes d=
o
not dictate. They set up the conversations with an organism's world that=
allow the organisms to march through development, and perform adaptive (o=
r
maladaptively) at each ontogenetic stage.
PERSONAL COMMENTS:
Jim Brody, Ph. D.
jbrody@compuserve.com
8/11/98
I'm grateful for John's style and information, and of the path he's
traveled to become what he is at this point in his life. The class and I=
appreciated his (and Mary Ryan's) giving so much personal time to the
seminar and to the course, "Healing the Moral Animal: Lessons from
Evolution."
First, I agree with everything John says.
Second, the nature-nurture acrimony, because of the plausible and sensibl=
e
information that John provides and which is shared by an incredibly large=
audience, becomes interesting in itself. There is a group of us, whether=
by "inherited adaptations" or other mechanisms, who are more fascinated
with biological contributions to human behavior than with the sticky webs=
of social explanations. Thomas Kuhn (Structure of Scientific Revolution=
s)
remarked well that established science ignores inconvenient, discrepant
observations. Lynn Margulies (and Max Planck well before her) commented=
that things change in science when some people (scientists?) die off and
differently behaving people (scientists) take their place. Harsh langua=
ge
but they may be partially correct. =
The polarity exists even though most of us are "interactionists" at our
core; it may be simply that some of us "like" doing the nurture thing
(e.g., Leon Kamin) and others "like" chemical tools (e.g., Sandra Scarr).=
=
It's difficult to escape primate thinking whether we analyze our behavior=
or whether we choose leaders. There's something about us that just "has =
to
take sides." The level of emotionality that sometimes attends these
discussions suggests motives related to dominance, hierarchy, and territo=
ry
comparable to Superbowl fans rather than attaining an understanding of
nature. (I can't recall who remarked that Nobelists are less characteriz=
ed
by seeking understanding and more for proving that they are right. Tom
Huxley and Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, argued a lot with each other. =
Neither would have amounted to much without the other.)
Third, powerful effects are shown to be functions of environment
interacting with a common genetic foundation. (For example, alligator
gender is at least a partial function of egg temperature which is
manipulated by mom's arranging leaves on her nest. The heat from decayin=
g
vegetation can make one egg a guy; absence of the heat tips the balance
towards a girl from that same egg). At one extreme, we have great
scientists showing "See what I can do to one egg by changing the mother,
the diet, or the temperature." At the other side, we have equally talent=
ed
people showing constancies in outcome with human beings despite
environmental variation.
There are many possibilities. Many human traits COULD rest on input fro=
m
a wider array of 3-10 or more genes rather than depending on just one. =
Multiple inputs should, in theory, make the trait more resilient, less
variable than if it depended on one or two genes. Thus, the possibility
exists that SOME human features could be more durable to variations in
individual genes or to variations in environmental tuning than the traits=
shown by mice or voles.
Nonetheless, it's interesting to have the mix -- people working with
smaller critters demonstrating the power of environment; people working
with humans demonstrating the importance of genes -- which is a change in=
the traditional theory flow of "environment for people; genes for flies."=
=
In some senses, our morality could be as genetic as our grammar; but its
expression remain heavily dependent on environmental factors. What fun!
Fourth: Statistical methods emphasize the detection of a difference; our
minds often class events by similarity even without the statistics. A
collector's case of butterflies, of shells, or of psychiatric diagnoses
demonstrate this interaction between "same" and different." We put thing=
s
in a different pile if they differ from things in our first pile; however=
,
the events in the first pile are judged as "same." Pearson and Fisher ga=
ve
us mathematical tools that emulate our sensory mechanisms for spotting
differences; we need similar tools besides our psychological adaptations
for reaching agreement on similarity.
From: IN%"Claire.Diederich@fundp.ac.be" "Claire Diederich" 12-AUG-1998 01:08:52.45
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Gaits of dogs
Dear listmembers,
Could someone help me during this sunny holiday time ?
I am preparing one lesson of around one hour on the gaits of the dog, for
canine educators.
I am looking for an old article or book on dog's gaits. I remember I have
had this some years ago but I can not relocate it nor remember the name of
the author. It shows amongst others, drawings of a dog like a whippet at
different gaits.
Moreover, are videos on this topic somewhere available ?
Thank for your answer.
Claire Diederich
D.V.M., Vet. Dept.
University of Namur (Belgium)
From: IN%"Brian@music-weaver.demon.co.uk" "Brian Robinson" 12-AUG-1998 02:21:52.83
To: IN%"JBrody@compuserve.com" "James F. Brody"
CC: IN%"hbe-request@a3.com" "HBES List Serve", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology", IN%"paleopsych@kumo.com" "Paleopsych"
Subj: RE: Seminar Notes: Genes as Conversationalists
In message <199808111626_MC2-55C9-186@compuserve.com>, James F. Brody
writes
>The following are notes, prepared by John Fentress and slightly revised by
>Jim Brody. Comments are welcome!
Thanks, Jim, for this, just arrived. I shall read it more carefully
later, but initially I picked out nature/nurture - I really do think of
these as interacting all the time - e.g. I've seen several identical
twins with schizophrenia where one of each pair is very much better
socially/intellectually adjusted than the other: that kind of thing -
similarly with diathesis for depression.
Things are complex - polygenic, multifactorial (my new course is
teaching me that!).
Thanks for including me in the posting.
All best
Brian
--
Brian Robinson
Milton Keynes
England
From: IN%"Claire.Diederich@fundp.ac.be" "Claire Diederich" 12-AUG-1998 07:22:53.56
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Dogsteps
Dear Julia,
Thank you for your answer. I will get these books soon.
Do you know if something more recent has been made on this topic,
especially abnormal gaits ?
Claire Diederich
University of Namur (Belgium)
----------
> From: Claire Diederich
> To: applied-ethology@skyway.usask.ca
> Subject: Gaits of dogs
> Date: 12 August 1998 09:12
>
> Dear listmembers,
>
> Could someone help me during this sunny holiday time ?
>
> I am preparing one lesson of around one hour on the gaits of the dog, for
> different purposes (conference to dog keepers, course to vet. students, ...).
>
> I am looking for an old article or book on dog's gaits. I remember I have
> had this some years ago but I can not relocate it nor remember the name
of
> the author. It shows amongst others, drawings of a dog like a whippet at
> different gaits.
>
> Moreover, are videos on this topic somewhere available ?
>
> Thank for your answer.
>
> Claire Diederich
> D.V.M., Vet. Dept.
> University of Namur (Belgium)
>
>
I think that the book you are referring to may be 'The New Dogsteps' by
Rachel Page Elliot, published by Howell Book House Inc., New York. ISBN
no. 0876055218.
Another useful publication may be 'The Dog in Action' by McDowell Lyon -
the same publisher. ISBN no. 0876054688.
Hope these are of help.
Julia Christie
De Montfort University
Lincoln
From: IN%"dlong@rmy.emory.edu" "Darren Long" 12-AUG-1998 09:09:48.32
To: IN%"hbe-request@a3.com" "HBES List Serve", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology", IN%"paleopsych@kumo.com" "Paleopsych"
CC:
Subj: Mark your calendar - Living Links Symposium
This is a pre-announcement of a major evolutionary symposium
presented to the Emory community and beyond by:
THE LIVING LINKS CENTER (at the Yerkes Primate Center) and EMORY COLLEGE
Co-sponsored by the Office of the Emory Provost, Emory
Division of Health Sciences, and the Graduate School of Arts
and Sciences.
___________________________________________________________________________
ORIGINS
Evolutionary Perspectives on the Behavior of Humans and Other Primates
January 15 - 16, 1999
____________________________________________________________________________
Keynote Address (Friday evening, January 15, 1999):
Edward O. Wilson, Harvard University*
Symposium (Saturday, January 16, 1999):
Richard Wrangham, Harvard University
Frans de Waal, Emory University*
Robert Frank, Cornell*
William McGrew, Miami University*
Dorothy Cheney, University of Pennsylvania*
Steven Pinker, MIT*
* Confirmed speakers
The symposium is open to the general public and no advance registration
is required. Simply RSVP to this electronic announcement and let us know
if you think you might attend the keynote lecture on Friday, January 15,
the symposium session on Saturday, January 16, or both.
Please mark your calenders for this event, and look for the program to
be posted at the Living Links website
(http://www.emory.edu/LIVING_LINKS).
Direct any questions to Darren Long at the phone number or
email address below.
____________________________________
Darren Long
Living Links
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center
Emory University
954 N. Gatewood Rd.
Atlanta, GA 30329
p: (404) 727.3696
f: (404) 727.3270
dlong@rmy.emory.edu
http://www.emory.edu/LIVING_LINKS
From: IN%"HowlBloom@aol.com" 12-AUG-1998 22:07:41.02
To: IN%"JBrody@compuserve.com", IN%"hbe-request@a3.com", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"paleopsych@kumo.com"
CC:
Subj: RE: Seminar Notes: Genes as Conversationalists
In a message dated 98-08-11 16:50:59 EDT, JBrody@compuserve.com writes:
The following are notes, prepared by John Fentress and
slightly revised by
Jim Brody. Comments are welcome!
===============
Date: Sat, 8 Aug. 1998 (Summary Date)
Tuesday, July 21, 1998. 7 P.M. - 9 P.M. (Seminar Date)
GENE CONVERSATIONALISTS AND CONDUCTORS
John Fentress, Ph. D.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
Dalhousie University
Halifax, Nova Scotia, CA B3H 4J1
fentress@is.dal.ca
biological
systems do not just "mirror" the details of experience, but
amplify,
distort, and elaborate upon these details. And there are
times when
organisms seem quite insensitive to events that have a
major impact at
others. HB HERE. THERE ARE ALSO VAST CATEGORIES OF
IMPINGING SENSORY ORGAN PICKUP WHICH ORGANISMS NEVER BOTHER
TO PROCESS BEYOND THE "DESTINED FOR NON-EXISTENCE" PHASE.
THIS BECOMES AN IMPORTANT THING TO REALIZE, SINCE IT'S IN
THE REALM OF "THIS DOES NOT EXIST" THAT NEW ENVIRONMENTAL
NICHES ARE DISCOVERED, WHETHER BY PROTOZOANS, CULTURES, OR
LONE HUMAN INTELLECTUALS.
The linear model of a gene "causing" a particular piece of
behavior is
misleading, despite use of the model in conversation and in
the press.
A BIT OF WISDOM WELL WORTH HAMMERING HOME, ESPECIALLY TO THE
"GENE FOR ALTRUISM" FOLKS OVER AT HBES. THEY JUST CAN'T
SEEM TO GROCK THE CONCEPT OF MIKE WALLER'S ADJUSTABLE GENE--
HIS COMPARATOR DNA.
Likewise, each gene may participate in several
different outcomes, each outcome associated with a
different cluster of
genes.
ADDITIONAL HOORAYS. THIS IS WHAT IS CALLED IN MY WORK GENE
TEAMS. I WAS FORCED TO DEVISE THE TERM TO COUNTER THE
OVERLY SIMPLIFIED HBES ARITHMETIC WOGGLES (SORRY,
"MATHEMATICAL MODELS") WHICH ARE SUPPOSED TO NOT ONLY SHED
LIGHT ON GENES, BUT DUE TO THEIR USE OF FORMULAE, ARE ALSO
SUPPOSED TO BE SUPERIOR TO OBSERVATIONAL DATA. THESE TEND
TO TAKE IT FOR GRANTED THAT ALL GENES HAVE ONLY TWO STATES,
YES (IE ALTRUISTIC) OR NO (IE SELFISH).
For example, the cells in our noses, eyes, and ears are for
all practical
purposes genetically indistinguishable. Yet these
structures, and their
functions, are certainly distinctive! How does this
happen? It happens in
part through different experiences that precursor cells
(cells that later
become noses, eyes, and ears) have as development unfolds.
ANOTHER NICE POINT IF ONE IS TRYING, AS MIKE AND I HAVE
BEEN, TO BUST HBES TYPES OUT OF THE YES/NO GENE MOLD.
Genes do
not dictate. They set up the conversations with an
organism's world
WONDERFUL PHRASING.
Good stuff, Jim. Howard
----------
Howard Bloom
(founder: International Paleopsychology Project; member: New
York Academy of Sciences, American Association for the
Advancement of Science, American Psychological Society,
Academy of Political Science, Human Behavior and Evolution
Society, European Sociobiological Society; board member:
Epic of Evolution Society)
International Paleopsychology Project
705 President Street
Brooklyn, NY 11215
phone 718 622 2278
fax 718 398 2551
e-mail howard@paleopsych.org
for two chapters from
The Lucifer Principle: A Scientific Expedition Into the
Forces of History, see www.bookworld.com/lucifer
From: IN%"uknierim@Itt.tiho-hannover.de" "Ute Knierim" 13-AUG-1998 00:55:05.71
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Psion Organiser LZ-64
Dear all,
has anyone any idea where I could still purchase a psion organiser
LZ-64 (handheld computer)? It is so annoying, the organiser is out of
production and buying a new product for use with the "Observer" means
that we again have to buy the specific support software which is, in
my view, quite expensive. Therefore, any hint would be greatly
appreciated.
Best wishes
Ute
*********************************************************************
Dr. Ute Knierim Institut fuer Tierhygiene und Tierschutz
Tieraerztliche Hochschule Hannover
Institute of Animal Hygiene and Welfare
School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
Buenteweg 17 p
D-30559 Hannover
Tel +49 (0)511 953 8449
Fax +49 (0)511 953 8588
uknierim@itt.tiho-hannover.de
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From: IN%"marcosportier@hotmail.com" "Marcos Portier" 13-AUG-1998 11:36:16.20
To: IN%"James.Murphy-Amazona.Society@worldnet.att.net"
CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"PLXCMLN@pln1.life.nottingham.ac.uk", IN%"MAPPLEBY@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk", IN%"serpell@vet.upenn.edu", IN%"K.PLAXTON@elsevier.nl", IN%"ir10000@hermes.cam.ac.uk", IN%"gadagkar@is2.dal.ca", IN%"eoprice@ucdavis.edu"
Subj: Domestication of ostriches
We are trying to introduce the South African Black Ostrich in South
America, however due to the fact that our enviromental officials are not
familiar with this animal, they claim that it is wild and they are not
giving us the licence to raise this bird as poultry. We contacted Dr.
Fritz Huchzermeyer, a German veterinary from South Africa which happens
to be an expert on ostriches.
Dr. Huchzermeyer says that domestication is the process of breeding an
animal in captivity while selecting for specific traits. The resulting
animals then differ essentially from any wild populations. Captivity
breeding of ostriches started around 1865 in South Africa, and selection
was for egg production, feather quality and docility. Around 1910
several groups of ostriches fron North and East Africa were imported and
added to the gene pool. With the collapse of the ostrich feather market
at the end of the first world war, 90% of the South African farmed
ostriches were culled and only the very best maintained at a very high
level. The resultant domestic breed is the South African Black Ostrich,
which genetypically as well as phenotypically differs from all existing
wild ostrich populations, a true domestic breed. Consequiently these
ostriches are classified as domestic animals in South Africa.
We are in the process of going to court to prove that the South African
Black Ostrich is a domestic breed, however we have run into some
“scientific complications”. You see: all ostriches, wilds and
domestics, belong to a specie called struthio camelus. There are four
sub-species: struthio camelus camelus, struhio camelus australis,
struthio camelus massaicus and struthio camelus molybdophanes. The
South African Black Ostrich was obtained from the combination of the
struthio camelus camelus and the struhio camelus australis. To call
this breed differently, scientists claim they are struthio camelus var.
domesticus: the domestic varaity of the struthio camelus. However, our
goverment says that since the specie (struthio camelus) is “wild”, they
must considered the South African Black, wild too.
There is at least one point in our favor: the wild and domestic turkeys
belong to a specie called melleagris gallopavo, and not because of this
our goverment considers the turkey we eat at Christmas or Thanksgiving
as wild.
However to make things worst, our goverment believe that domestication
is a very very long process (natural domestication?) and do not admit
man can ARTIFICIALLY domesticate animals in a very short period of time:
like 100 years or less?
Sudhira Gadagkar claims she is domesticating tilapias (or some other
specie of fish). The Norway rat, some say was domesticated a century
ago. Maybe you can help me adding some more animals to this list. I
think it would help if you give me your idea of how long could man take
to domesticate a sub-specie of wild animal, for example: how long can it
take for Sudhira Gadagkar to domesticate her fishes and when and why
science will recognize her fishes as domestic. (Sudhira, if you are
listening, please send me some prove or your work, please). Should any
one knows of any other experiment similar to that of Sudhira, please let
me know it and let me know how can I obtain scientific prove of it.
I would also need to come up with some more SCIENTIFIC definitions of
DOMESTICATION by man and by nature. I will apprecite if you add some of
them to Dr. Huchzermeyer’s. I will also need some examples of how man
domesticate animals and how nature domesticate animals.
Finally I would need a list of domesticated animals that share the same
“wild” specie with other wild sub-species, like the bubalus bubalis
(water buffalo) or the ovis ammon aries (the domestic sheep), to mention
two examples. Please help me find more examples.
Going back to ostriches. If you place the four pictures of the four
sub-species of wild ostrices on top of a picture of a domestic South
AFrican Black, you will see the strong phenotipic differences between
all of them. There is no doubt that the South African Black do not
belong to the same sub-species of the other four. Would you say this is
a scientific prove that the South African Black is a domestic breed?
By the way, I am sending this email to over 100 veterinarians and
biologist. I would like to know to which group you belong to and if you
have published some specific work on domestication. I promised to send
you the result of this “cruzade”. We believe that ostrich is the meat
of the future, with more protein than beef and less colesterol and you
need twenty less territory to raise them. If we can win this fight over
our goverment we will surely help to feed our future population at lower
cost.
Thank you very much,
Dr. Marcos Portier
University of Quito, Ecuador
South America
QUESTIONS I BEG YOU TO ANSWER:
1) Why is the Norway rat domestic?
2) How long can it take man to domesticate animals?
3) Should we say that natural domestication is similar to evolution?
4) How does nature domesticates animals?
5) What is the scientific definition of a domestic animal... or
domestication?
6) How many domestic animals you know that share the same specie with
“wild” sub-especies
7) Would you say that the fact that South African Blacks differ from the
four wild sub-species is enough prove of its domestication?
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
From: IN%"dagai@netvision.net.il" "Yuval Dagai" 13-AUG-1998 15:29:52.25
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied-ethology@skyway.usask.ca", IN%"yaelzhr@alarmix.net" "Yael & Zohar"
CC:
Subj: [Fwd: FW: VIRUS ALERT! - This is TRUE!! Please send on to your groups (fwd)]
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From: Inna Gur-El
Subject: FW: VIRUS ALERT! - This is TRUE!! Please send on to your groups (fwd)
To: Anat Ofer , Assaf Ganoth ,
Dalit Rehavi , Eli Bar ,
Karina Greenapol-Steffens ,
Omer Choresh , Osnat Weissberg ,
Raanan Bar-Yam , Yaniv Pessach ,
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Date: Wed, 5 Aug 1998 12:35:31 +0200
From: "Kletshevsky, Rami"
To: 'Alex Berman' ,
'Ariel Steinlauf' ,
'betzalel' ,
'eli biton' , 'Erez Shoster' ,
'Fredi Klo' ,
"Perets, Gadi" ,
'Lior Banin' ,
'liron' , 'nir' ,
"'rafi (ibm)'" , 'shay glikman' ,
'Stas' ,
'yaniv ben-soussan'
Subject: FW: VIRUS ALERT! - This is TRUE!! Please send on to your groups
Resent-Date: Mon, 10 Aug 1998 10:02:55 +0002
Resent-Date: Wed, 5 Aug 1998 14:08:07 +0002
Resent-From: "Dana Lahat"
Resent-From: SHAY@Orckit.Com
Resent-To: Eitan ,
Inna Gur-El @lahat.org.il
Resent-To: "ALL ORCKIT USERS"
> > > >>
> > > >> > In a press conference early Friday, America Online and
> > > CompuServe,
> > > >> > President Steve Case made an announcement about a NEW, very
> > > serious
> > > >> > computer virus. "This is a new twist. Someone is sending out a
> > > very
> > > >> > desirable screensaver, the Budweiser Frogs" said Case. "But if
> > > you
> > > >> > download it, you will lose everything! Your hard drive WILL
> > > crash,
> > > >> and
> > > >> > your computer will be useless. DON'T DOWNLOAD THIS UNDER ANY
> > > >> > CIRCUMSTANCES! It just went into circulation recently, as far as
> > > we
> > > >> > know. PLEASE DISTRIBUTE THIS TO AS MANY PEOPLE AS POSSIBLE."
> > > >> > AGAIN, DO NOT DOWNLOAD ANYTHING THAT LOOKS LIKE THE FOLLOWING...
> > > >> > File: BUDSAVER.EXE (24643 bytes)
> > > >> >
> > > >>
> > > >
Rami Kletshevsky
CNS, R&D Generic Hardware Team
Tel : 972-3-6452617
>
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From: IN%"mappleby@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk" "Mike Appleby" 14-AUG-1998 02:28:55.94
To: IN%"marcosportier@hotmail.com" "Marcos Portier"
CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
Subj: RE: Domestication of ostriches
To Marcos Portier
Cc applied-ethology@skyway.usask.ca
> Finally I would need a list of domesticated animals that share the same
> "wild" specie with other wild sub-species, like the bubalus bubalis
> (water buffalo) or the ovis ammon aries (the domestic sheep), to mention
> two examples. Please help me find more examples.
Don't forget the chicken - the most numerous bird in the world. It
is the same species as its progenitor the Red Jungle Fowl even though
none of the many breeds and strains of modern domestic chickens look
much like jungle fowl (although some of the bantam strains do). Red
Jungle Fowl are simply Gallus gallus, while domestic fowl are usually
called Gallus gallus domesticus.
Mike
Michael Appleby
Dr M.C. Appleby
Director of Postgraduate Studies
Institute of Ecology and Resource Management
University of Edinburgh
Tel. +44 131 535 4098
Fax. +44 131 667 2601
Email mappleby@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk
or michael.appleby@ed.ac.uk
From: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net" "Robin Walker" 14-AUG-1998 10:19:32.40
To: IN%"marcosportier@hotmail.com" "'Marcos Portier'", IN%"James.Murphy-Amazona.Society@worldnet.att.net" "James.Murphy-Amazona.Society@worldnet.att.net"
CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"PLXCMLN@pln1.life.nottingham.ac.uk" "PLXCMLN@pln1.life.nottingham.ac.uk", IN%"MAPPLEBY@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk" "MAPPLEBY@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk", IN%"serpell@vet.upenn.edu" "serpell@ve
Subj: RE: Domestication of ostriches
Eat the Dinosaurs ! What a refreshing twist in the plot.
Seriously though - just up the road here, at the University
College of Worcester, someone in the "Department of things
to do with the country and cows and stuff" wrote a paper on
"the beneficial effects on pasture of the grazing by beef cattle ".
It sounded like a very nice piece of work as hinted at in the=20
Press. I'd like a copy.=20
So tell me.
What great benefit would there be to the meadows and pastures
of the Heart of England if we replace beef cattle with ostriches?
Will I be less depressed by the spectacle of them trudging
around in muddy morasses than I have been?
Will they stop dying mysteriously?
DOES anyone (outside of South Africa) actually eat the meat?
Robin E. Walker=20
The Veterinary Clinic
Bromyard Road
Worcester
-----Original Message-----
From: Marcos Portier [SMTP:marcosportier@hotmail.com]
Sent: 13 August 1998 18:35
To: James.Murphy-Amazona.Society@worldnet.att.net
Cc: applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca; PLXCMLN@pln1.life.nottingham.ac.uk; =
MAPPLEBY@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk; serpell@vet.upenn.edu; =
K.PLAXTON@elsevier.nl; ir10000@hermes.cam.ac.uk; gadagkar@is2.dal.ca; =
eoprice@ucdavis.edu
Subject: Domestication of ostriches
We are trying to introduce the South African Black Ostrich in South=20
America, however due to the fact that our enviromental officials are not =
familiar with this animal, they claim that it is wild and they are not=20
giving us the licence to raise this bird as poultry. We contacted Dr.=20
Fritz Huchzermeyer, a German veterinary from South Africa which happens=20
to be an expert on ostriches. =20
From: IN%"rrohner@ozemail.com.au" "PIGVISION" 15-AUG-1998 06:38:10.53
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: The PIGVISION Quarterly No 1 (15/8/98)
* art matters in research !
* the interface of art and science
* Cubical Thousand - researching the pig's play behaviour
Editorial
It cost me only $1 to purchase a book titled "The Fundamentals of
Marketing", which was stacked in a banana box outside a second hand
bookstore in Melbourne. While sifting through the pages in search of
useful ideas I couldn't help but think about Joseph Beuys' theories on
"Social Sculpture". He saw his Free International University as an
artistic process shaping creative ideas and freeing creative energies.
Perhaps, I thought, there could be more to marketing than its usual
commercial function.
PIGVISION's Strategic Business Planning introduces The PIGVISION Quarterly
as a new marketing feature and a service for all regular and occasional
visitors of PIGVISION's web site who leave their address at the
administration (I must admit, some small-scale market research added a few
more addresses to the list). There is a German and an English edition.
Further market segmentation has not been planned, which is why people
within the art world will read the same quarterly updates as experts
working in the pig industry and in the domain of pig science. The
PIGVISION Quarterly will inform you on PIGVISION's current and upcoming
research projects operating at the interface of art and science. It will
also announce new stuff on PIGVISION's web site and hopefully add to a
lively debate on art matters in research...
Sincerely,
Raymond Rohner
What's new:
PIGVISION's project "Cubical Thousand" completed an important stage in the
research of the pig's play behaviour. All 1000 wooden cubes are finally
ready for the experiments, and can be seen on the web at URL:
http://www.artschool.utas.edu.au/pigvision/cubephotos.html
A major hurdle at this stage is locating an adequate site near Melbourne
where the behaviour experiments with pigs can be conducted. Your help is
appreciated!
Meanwhile, the colourful cubes will be presented to the public at this
year's Melbourne Fringe Festival. If you happen to be in Melbourne
(Australia) in October 1998, please do check the Fringe Festival Program
(http://www.vicnet.net.au/~fringe )
There is also another exciting research project coming up, called "Codename
SISYPHUS", which will be presented in PIGVISION's next bulletin (November
issue). Keep your mailbox open!
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PIGVISION's Homepage:
http://www.artschool.utas.edu.au/pigvision/
PIGVISION seeks and promotes the refinement of artistic aspects in
research. The purpose for which PIGVISION is established is:
* to maintain a portfolio of concrete research projects, set within the
field of pig science, which give evidence of PIGVISION's mission and
philosophy.
* to foster active debate about the relationship between art and science.
* to develop and engage in collaborations with artists, scientists and
people from other fields.
From: IN%"martin@biolo.bg.fcen.uba.ar" 15-AUG-1998 10:33:53.10
To: IN%"ETHOLOGY@SEGATE.SUNET.SE", IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Zoo's
Hello:
I'm working with capybaras (_Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris_ : Rodentia) in a
breeding station and I'm interested in obtain the e-mails of any Zoo around
the world, spetially those wich breed this species.
Thank you in advance. Sincerelly yours,
--------------------------------------------------------
Lic. Martin R. Alvarez
Lab. de Ecologia de Poblaciones
Depto de Cs. Biologicas - FCEyN - UBA
Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, 4to. p, Lab. 104
(1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Te: (54-1)- 782-0566
Fax: (54-1)- 782-0620
E-mail: martin@bg.fcen.uba.ar
Administrador de la SAREM-L
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