From: IN%"sgadbois@is2.dal.ca" "Simon Gadbois" 15-DEC-1997 16:21:43.54 To: IN%"arkabc@arkanimals.com", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Species Specialist Sought Hi, David MacDonald (formerly known as a fox specialist) published on Meercats in the past few years... I have been trying to get in touch with him for over a month now without success. I begin to wonder if I have th right e-mail address. Maybe somebody on this list does know how to contact him? Simon Gadbois AT DALHOUSIE: Department of Psychology Life Sciences Centre Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada, B3H 4J1 sgadbois@is2.dal.ca 902-494-3603 (Fentress's lab, LSC); Lab office: 1305 902-494-3370 (Moger's lab, Tupper) 902-494-6585 (fax @ Dalhousie) AT ACADIA: Department of Psychology Horton Hall Acadia University Wolfville, Nova Scotia Canada, B0P1X0 sgadbois@acadiau.ca Behavioral (social) endocrinology of the wolf (aggression and social stress, urinary cortisol). Sequential and temporal analysis of behavioral sequences in canids (wolves, red foxes & coyotes). Database programming: 902-857-9206 From: IN%"Beatrice.DeSmet@rug.ac.be" "Beatrice De Smet" 16-DEC-1997 04:23:31.57 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: e-mail adress Dear all, Can anybody give me the e-mail address and work address, phone and fax number of Valerie O' Farell in Edingburgh, UK? Beatrice De Smet UZ Gent De Pintelaan 185 9000 Gent Belgium bdesmet@allserv.rug.ac.be From: IN%"M.Kiley-Worthington@exeter.ac.uk" "room 016 wsl-Animal behaviour" 16-DEC-1997 06:58:48.12 To: IN%"pkabai@ns.univet.hu" "Kabai Peter" CC: IN%"fentress@is.dal.ca" "John Fentress", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: (Fwd) Codes...and codes On Mon, 15 Dec 1997 11:46:48 +0100 (MET) Kabai Peter wrote: > From: Kabai Peter > Date: Mon, 15 Dec 1997 11:46:48 +0100 (MET) > Subject: Re: (Fwd) Codes...and codes > To: John Fentress > Cc: applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca > > On Thu, 11 Dec 1997, John Fentress wrote: > > > > > > Here is the serious point / question. It seems to me that we might > > (whatever our favorite label) try to ask more deeply how WE > > (observers) code the behavior of others (including other species). > > What cues do we ACTUALLY USE? Are they the same cues we "think" we > > use? I'll bet not always. But this can be studied (objectively, by > > the way). > > > > Yes, this is one of the many things Darwin started (On > expression of emotions...), and we still do not know much more > then he did. As I remember Darwin suggested that (1) the physiological > state of preparation for aggression, escape, courthsip etc. is > adaptive, because it reallocates energy, hormones, cooling, > whatever, to perform the action needed. He also suggested, that > (2) the observable patterns of such physiological states have evolved > as signals of dominance, subordinance, sexual receptivity etc. > > Since that time we learned that at least in mammals the physiological, neural > processes involved in such "emotions" are pretty universal. > Studying the communication systems of many species we also > know that the ability to perform and decode intraspecific signals is also > adaptive and is "innate" to some extent. > > However, John's two very educational stories (Hinde's experiment and his > student's observation) regards the ability to decode signals > between species. Are we able to interprete mammalian signals > because such signals are universal (reflecting a universal inner > physiological state) and we simply use our innate ability > to decode human signals when observing wolf? Or, are we able > to do this, because predicting behaviour of another (prey or > predator) species has increased our fitness. > > Again, I beleive that if we treat the observable behaviours > accompanying "emotions" as signals, we can use the classical > ethological approach (Tinbergen's four questions) to resolve > such issues. > > . . > > ~ > > Peter > > > _________________________________________________ > from: Peter Kabai (pkabai@ns.univet.hu) > Behavioural Biology Research Group > Institute for Zoology, > University of Veterinary Medicine > H-1400 Budapest, POB 2, HUNGARY > www.univet.hu > ************************************************* > **************************************************************************** Dept. of Psychology Washington Singer Labs Room No: 016 University of Exeter Perry Road Exeter EX4 4QG, UK FAX +44 1392 264623 **************************************************************************** This is an interesting discussion, are there general rules by which different species can interpret emotions of others? This question is one that has interested me for many years having been practically as well as theoretically involved with animal, and my thesis in 1969 (!) was on developing what visual & vocal rules there might be, if there were any. The results were, briefly, that there are some general rules within mammals related to orientation, antigravity tonus, protection, location of calls etc, but these really on ly told others of the general state of "excitement" of others, rather than a specific emotional response. The specific message they would get from contextual cues. The interesting question then becomes, why has this , what would be considered, a very small extra step not been taken to have specific messages tranfered, may be there are other things going on which we humans are not able yet to cue into, who knows. In peoples relationships with animals, they also as Fentress mentions can be very good at using these general cues and responding, but they also can be very incorrect, even professionals who have been at it a long time, and then describe the behaviour of the animal as the result of its "genetics" rather than analysing their own incorrect intepretation. This has become very clear recently with the publiscity of the use of body language for training horses, which many good horsement have been involved with, and often in a much more sophisticated way, than is usually publised. Yes it is of great interest to try and analyse these responses particularly between species in depth. Hope this is useful. papers in 1972 & 1976 in Tierpsychology also papers in Behaviour, 1978 I think, , thesis Univ of Sussex, D.Phil, 1969. Communication in ungulates canids and felids. Marthe Kiley-Worthington. From: IN%"joseph.stookey@sask.usask.ca" 16-DEC-1997 08:17:28.70 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology" CC: Subj: [PT] Rev. Cpy: Machiavellian Intelligence ll (fwd) ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Tue, 16 Dec 1997 08:04:47 -0600 (CST) From: "Ernest D. Olfert" To: Stookey Subject: [PT] Rev. Cpy: Machiavellian Intelligence ll (fwd) Hi, Joe. I don't recall whether or not the following book was cited in the recent discussions on Machiavellian intellingence on Applied-Ethology. If not, maybe you could post it there. EDO ernest.olfert@sask.usask.ca ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 15 Dec 1997 17:03:52 -0600 (CST) From: Larry Jacobsen To: primate-talk@primate.wisc.edu Cc: a.whiten@st-andrews.ac.uk Subject: [PT] Rev. Cpy: Machiavellian Intelligence ll =20 (from jacobsen@primate.wisc.edu [ Larry Jacobsen ]) ****************************************** PRIMATE-TALK REVIEW COPY POLICY Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center ****************************************** WRPRC NOTE: The WRPRC, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715-1299 will post to Primate-Talk information about review copies received. We will include descriptive information about the item as well as publisher and ordering information. On request, a listing of the contents will be included for items substantively about nonhuman primates. This posting goes out to >1100 people in thirty-two countries around the world. All postings of items for sale must be cleared with the WRPRC P-T Coordinator. For further information contact: Larry Jacobsen at: jacobsen@primate. wisc.edu or Fax (608) 263-4031 or Telephone: (608) 263-3512. ************************** MACHIAVELLIAN INTELLIGENCE ll =20 Extensions and Evaluations =20 =20 Edited by Andrew Whiten and Richard W. Byrne =20 University of St. Andrews =20 Cambridge University Press 1997 =20 WHERE TO ORDER: Cambridge University Press 110 Midland Avenue Port Chester, NY 10573 USA 1-800-872-7423 Fax: 1-914-937-4712 Price: $79.95 (Hardback 0-521-55087-4) $34.95 (Paperback 0-521-55949-9) [From the back cover] How can the intelligence of monkeys and apes. and the huge brain expansion that marked human evolution, be explained? In 1988, Machiavellian Intelligence was the first book to assemble the early evidence suggesting a new answer: that the evolution of intellect was primarily driven by selection for manipulative, socal expertise within groups where the most challenging problem faced by individuals was dealing with their companions. Since then a wealth of new information and ideas has accumulated. This new book will bring readers up to date with the most important developments, extending the scope of the original ideas and evaluating them empirically from different perspectives. It is essential reading for researchers and students in many different branches of evolution and behavioural sciences, primatology and philosophy. =20 =20 CONTENTS =20 Preface xi =20 1 Machiavellian intelligence RICHARD W. BYRNE & ANDREW WHITEN 1 =20 2 Friendships, alliances, reciprocity and repair MARINA CORDS 24 =20 3 Why Machiavellian intelligence may not be Machiavellian SHIRLEY C. STRUM, DEBORAH FORSTER & EDWIN HUTCHINS 50 =20 4 Social intelligence and success: Don't be too clever in order to be smart ALAIN SCHMITT & KARL GRAMMER 86 =20 5 Minding the behaviour of deception MARC D. HAUSER 112 6 The Machiavellian mindreader ANDREW WHITEN 144 =20 7 Exploiting the expertise of others ANNE E. RUSSON 174 =20 8 Primates' knowledge of their natural habitat: As indicated in foraging CHARLES R. MENZEL 207 =20 9 Evolution of the social brain ROBERT A. BARTON & ROBIN I. M. DUNBAR 240 =20 10 The modulatory of social intelligence GERD GIGERENZER 264 =20 11 The Technical Intelligence hypothesis: An additional evolution- ary stimulus to intelligence? RICHARD W. BYRNE 289 =20 12 Protean primates: The evolution of adaptive unpredictability in competition and courtship GEOFFREY F. MILLER 312 =20 13 Egalitarian behaviour and the evolution of political =20 intelligence CHRISTOPHER BOEHM 341 =20 14 Social intelligence and language: Another Rubicon ESTHER N. GOODY 365 =20 Index 397 =20 =20 CONTRIBUTORS ROBERT BARTON Department of Anthropology University of Durham 43 Old Elvet Durham DH1 3HN England CHRISTOPHER BOEHM Department of Anthropology Universitv ot Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089-0032 USA =20 RICHARD BYRNE School of Psychology University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KYI6 9JU Scotland =20 MARINA CORDS Department of Anthropology Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA =20 ROBIN DUNBAR Department of Psychology University of Liverpool P.O. Box 147 Liverpool L69 3BX England =20 DEBORAH FORSTER Department of Cognitive Science University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0515 USA =20 GERD GIGERENZER Centre for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research Leopoldstrasse 24 80802 M=81nchen Germany =20 ESTHER GOODY Department of Anthropology University of Cambridge Free School Lane Cambridge CB2 3RF England =20 KARL GRAMMER Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut fur Stadtethologie Institut fur Humanbiologie Althanstrasse 14 A1090 Wien Austria =20 MARC HAUSER Departments of Anthropology and Psychology Harvard University Cambridge MA 01238 USA =20 EDWIN HUTCHINS Department of Cognitive Science University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0515 USA =20 CHARLIE MENZEL Ethologie und Wildforschung Zoologisches Institut Universitat Z=81rich-Irchel Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH 8057 Zurich Switzerland =20 GEOFFREY MILLER Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research Leopoldstrasse 24 80802 Munich Germany =20 ANNE RUSSON Department of Psychology York University 2275 Bayview Avenue Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M6 Canada =20 ALAIN SCHMITT Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut fur Stadtethologie Institut fur Humanbiologie Althanstrasse 14 Al090 Wien Austria =20 SHIRLEY STRUM Department of Anthropology University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA =20 ANDREW WHITEN School of Psychology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KYI6 9JU Scotland =20 Present addresses CHARLIE MENZEL Language Research Center Georgia State University 3401 Panthersville Road Decatur GA 30034 USA =20 GEOFFREY MILLER ESRC Research Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution (ELSE) University College London Gower Street London WClE 6BT England =20 SHIRLEY STRUM Box 62844 Nairobi Kenya =20 =20 PREFACE =20 Machiavellian Intelligence II is not just a second edition of Machiavellian Intelligence. All but one of the authors are new. The one author in common is writing on a different topic, as are the editors themselves. Moreover, the titles and contents of the chapters are not simple updates of those in the original volume. Instead, this book complements our earlier one in rather particular ways. This means that although we provide an introductory chapter to bring readers new to the area up to speed, the significance of the papers in this new book will be much better appreciated if the contents of its predecessor volume have been assimilated. We =20 trust that serious new students of Machiavellian intelligence will take the time to do this and - although we would say this woundn't we? - we strongly believe that there is no substitute for this route to a rounded grasp of the subject. =20 Machiavellian Intelligence brought together the scattered origins of the idea that primate intellect had its roots in the problems posed by complex social life, and additional chapters explored the reasons for its plausibility. Since, then, "Machiavellian intelligence" has become a commonplace phrase in the literature, even to the point of acceptance where it sometimes=20 appears with a small "m"! We felt the time was ripe to assess progress. =20 Machiavellian Intelligence II is designed to move things forward in two main ways, as suggested by our subtitle. One falls mainly under the heading of extensions of the earlier body of empirical work and accompanying theory. Since the first volume was published in 1988, a profusion of papers has been published in the "heartland" of the idea of Machiavellian intelligence, the social manoeuvrings of non-human primates. Indeed, whole books and edited volumes on aspects of primate social complexity have appeared, as we anticipated in our 1988 preface, and papers on the topic =20 swell journal pages such that a comprehensive account of them is no longer feasible in our pages. Two chapters do, however, review the highlights of the principal advances made in these areas and offer their evaluations. Another feature of this volume compared to the first is a greater emphasis on studies of our own species, which we have come to realise is a perspective from which many interested readers approach the topic. One chapter here explores extension of the idea of Machiavellian intelligence to the social=20 strategies observed in groups of young human children. =20 Other chapters extend our knowledge of important specific topics including deception, mindreading and the exploitation of others' expertise. These were subjects on which research was often only embryonic by 1988, but in which there has been a significant rise in empirical and theoretical activity, generating fascinating and often surprising results. =20 =20 Next come four chapters that are more concerned with evaluation of the principal hypotheses at stake (although they provide their own extensions too). The evaluations concern the Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis of a social origin of intellect, which has now been tested in formal ways not even contemplated in our original volume. Between them these chapters describe the principal competing hypotheses, which in one form or another concern cognitive adaptations for dealing with complexities of primates'=20 particular styles of foraging. The evaluations are very varied in scope, in part because they concern interesting and quite fundamentally different forms of both the social and foraging hypotheses. =20 The final three chapters explore further "extensions" to the intellectual terrain of Machiavellian intelligence that go well beyond the scope of the evaluation chapters that precede them. The first of the chapters offers an explanation for the rapid encephalisation that occurred in hominid evolution, which extends the idea of social intellect beyond its previous bounds to the context of sexual selection. Another considers the puzzle of human=20 egalitarian behaviour: does this set our species apart from selection pressures for Machiavellian intelligence? The last chapter addresses the implications of a social origin of intellect for social anthropology, and in particular the extensions of the idea that follow from the addition of spoken language to the species' toolkit for social manipulation. =20 Amongst its authors, this book has come to be known affectionately as "Mach II". With due modesty, we cannot but hope that the supersonic allusion becomes increasingly apt for the excitement of the intellectual journey we here aim to share with our readers. =20 Andrew Whiten Richard Byrne St Andrews, Scotland: June 1996 =20 ******* end of document ********** From: IN%"joseph.stookey@sask.usask.ca" 16-DEC-1997 08:20:18.21 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology" CC: Subj: (Fwd) Information requested (fwd) Return-path: Received: from process.sask.usask.ca by sask.usask.ca (PMDF V5.1-10 #20809) id <01IR8GXG6WV4984T35@sask.usask.ca> (original mail from joseph.stookey@usask.ca); Tue, 16 Dec 1997 08:20:05 CST Received: from sask.usask.ca by sask.usask.ca (PMDF V5.1-10 #20809) id <01IR8GX134NQ96W7CF@sask.usask.ca> for applied-ethology-expand@process.sask.usask.ca; Tue, 16 Dec 1997 08:18:58 -0600 (CST) Date: Tue, 16 Dec 1997 08:18:57 -0600 (CST) From: joseph.stookey@sask.usask.ca Subject: (Fwd) Information requested (fwd) To: applied-ethology Errors-to: applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca Message-id: MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Tue, 16 Dec 1997 08:51:35 -0400 (EDT) From: IAN DUNCAN To: stookey@sask.usask.ca Subject: (Fwd) Information requested Dear Joe, I received this message (via Denmark!) from an Argentinian student who would like some information. Could you possibly put it out on the Applied Ethology Network, please? Hope you are well. Best wishes, Ian ------ Forwarded Message Follows ------- Date: Fri, 12 Dec 1997 23:21:22 +0100 From Subject: Information requested Sol Masgoret@IBMAR 12/12/97 20:21 My name is Maria Sol Masgoret Cuellar, I am 23 years old and currently taking the fifth year of study at the Veterinarian Sciences College at the University of Buenos Aires. I would like to be sent further information as regards scholarships on Animal Behavior and Physiology. I have always been interested on such areas and I really think it would be highly productive if I were able to study more about them. I am currently working for IBM Argentina, at the Marketing and Communications Department and I do free practice in a Veterinarian shop in my free time. I would really appreciate your sending information on these matters, since I am very interested in studying animal behavior. This is a field not widely spread in Argentina and thus there are not specialized institutions focusing on that. Thanks for your attention and cooperation, and I am looking forward to your sending the information requested. Yours faithfully, Maria Sol Masgoret Cuellar e-mail: MASGORET@AR.IBM.COM From: Sol Masgoret Cu?llar Asistente de Eventos y Tradeshows Dto. de Marketing y Comunicaciones- IBM Argentina Tel:(541) 319-6862 Fax: 319-6709 T/L: 840-6862 E-mail: MASGORET@AR.IBM.COM From: IN%"acrook@upei.ca" "Alice Crook" 16-DEC-1997 12:37:05.57 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: (Fwd) re: proposal for a Canadian Branch of World Rabbit Memo: In a recent letter, Dr. Fran^nois Lebas, Secretary of the World Rabbit Science Association, stated: "As WRSA Secretary, if I receive information about the creation of an Association in Canada, I will consider this Association as the official representative of this country (to the WRSA)." The mission of the World Rabbit Science Association (WRSA) is to encourage communication and collaboration among individuals and organisations associated with rabbit production and rabbit biology in general. There are various WRSA standing committees which encourage participation by the widest possible variety of countries, by input from advanced researchers in all areas of study, such as meat research and terminology, nutrition, animal welfare (to name a few). So, there are excellent opportunities for Canada to be represented among the world's scientists in any of these areas. I would like to encourage all persons interested in rabbit science and production to take up this offer and join in a Canadian Branch of the WRSA. Among the benefits of forming a branch is direct Canadian representation to the WRSA and a much reduced subscription price for the journal "World Rabbit Science", which contains interesting scientific papers on rabbits from around the world. See what's new in German or Chinese Angora production, how rabbits are raised in the hills region of India, how Egyptian producers deal with a hot climate, innovative ways of rabbit-keeping in developing countries, the latest techniques in artificial insemination, the latest nutritional requirements, etc. I am offering to serve as temporary facilitator of the organizing process, until such time as a minimum number of people show interest, by use of my mail address, e-mail address and web site for people's replies. Then a proper organization and election of executive members can occur. All positions are of course open for nominees. Please consider this offer, and reply if your are interested, and PLEASE pass this message on to anyone you think might be interested in helping to organize a Canadian WRSA Branch. ---------------------------------- Robert A. McCroskey (Bob) 9043 184th Street, Surrey B.C., Canada V4N 3T7 Tel: 604 882 1278 Fax: 604 882 2030 email: Visit the rabbit science site at: http://www.uniserve.com/pan-am/ ---------------------------------- Alice Crook, DVM Director, Animal Welfare Unit Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island 550 University Ave. Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3 http://www.upei.ca/~awu/animal.htm 902-628-4360 *** (FAX)902-566-0958 From: IN%"shrewbib@sorex.vienna.at" 16-DEC-1997 13:08:56.36 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: xmas and attachments: I'm angry Of course I also wish everybody a merry x-mas, but the attachments I have hitherto received via this group really do nerv me. Do you know how much it costs an individual that is not subscribed to a university network in Europe to be online? Other groups have come to the agreement: no attachments! So why is 'Applied Ethology' still passing on this sort of mail? Really, - I do appreciate your x-mas wishes, but viewing them does cost me a lot and blocks my mailbox. What is especially dreadful is that I don't even know the person wishing me a merry x-mas personally. Please refrain from sending x-mas wishes via lists as attachments in the future. Werner (sort-of-vex) ======================================================================= Dr. Werner Haberl Editor, SHREW TALK (http://members.vienna.at/shrew/shrewtalk.html) Hamburgerstr. 11, A-1050 Vienna, Austria Email: shrewbib@sorex.vienna.at URL: http://members.vienna.at/shrew (The Shrew (ist's) Site) The Shrew Bibliography (> 6000 references) (also available on CD ROM) ======================================================================= From: IN%"rushenj@EM.AGR.CA" "Jeff Rushen" 16-DEC-1997 16:15:17.27 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: animal mentality From: IN%"rhb11@hermes.cam.ac.uk" 17-DEC-1997 05:38:51.91 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Attachments & virus Dear All, As regards sending file attachments, I thought it important to share the contents of a memo which recently came my way. I am not a specialist on these things and if any one has further information on the following utterance I am sure we'd all be interested. I am told that I CANNOT catch a virus or a trojan horse by ordinary plain-text e-mail messages. However, I am also told that I CAN catch a virus or a trojan horse from a file attachment (like Lotus, Excel and especially Microsoft Word). So PLEASE do not send anymore files as while we can all virus-check an incoming file (and should always rememebr to do so) something may 'slip through the net'; the action of sending attachments to discussion groups may therefore inadvertently spead a virus to many unsuspecting folks. I suggest that any incoming network files be thrown away ('trashed') without opening and that the sending of attachments be actively discouraged (does anyone know if a virus can ever be caught WITHOUT opening a file?). I am sure by now the well-meaning person who sent their Seasons Greetings by file attachment (which I did not open!) is lamenting their efforts. So just to say thank you for your intentions which I am sure were good in every way and your subsequent apology was much appreciated by all; So it's just left for me to wish you all a very Merry Christmas; Harry Bradshaw Dr R. H. Bradshaw, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK. From: IN%"mappleby@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk" "Mike Appleby" 19-DEC-1997 04:58:59.99 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Coding animal body language From: "Francoise Wemelsfelder" Organization: Scottish Agricultural College Dear folks, I have not been on the net recently, but I have kindly been alerted by Mike Appleby that a discussion was going on about the measurement of animal feelings which lies very close to the heart of the work I do. John Fentress asked: is any systematic work going on about the reliability of human descriptions/codings of animal 'body language'? And would such descriptions provide access to an animal's feelings? I probably have missed several replies to this since then, but I would like to briefly describe my research and its implications for these questions. Which are the clues on which common sense, lay interpretations of animal expressions and feelings are based? Is there any systematic form of observation going on, or are people just guessing/projecting? Can untrained observers agree in their spontaneous interpretations of animal behaviour? These are the questions I try to investigate 'objectively' in my work. I have so far conducted three experiments in which I asked groups of 10 or 20 different untrained observers to watch pigs in interaction with a human being in an experimental setting, and to describe and score IN THEIR OWN WORDS the behavioural expression of the pig (i.e. the style in which the pig was interacting). Thus, observers were free entirely to choose the terms they felt appropriately described how they were seeing the pig behave (examples are timid, confident, fearful, restless, etc). Thanks to an advanced multivariate statistical technique, we could calculate observer agreement despite the different terminologies. We also tested consistency of scoring in individual observers by presenting video images of the pig-human interaction in different sequences (intra-observer relliability). In all 3 experiments, we found both kinds of reliability to be very high. Apparently, people are not just guessing, their assessment appears based on commonly perceived and systematically applied criteria. Thus individual observers can repeat their assessment of the pigs with considerable accuracy. In future work, we hope to elaborate these results and develop a closer understanding of the empirical foundation of these qualitative ('subjective') assessments of animal expression. I am presently writing up these results, and of course a key question is how they bear on questions of anthropomorphism and the measurement of animal feelings. A few brief comments. My feeling is that the whip of anthropomorphism is raised high too easily. The reason for this in turn I think is that we assume, too easily and prematurely, that any qualitative interpretation of behavioural expression MUST be based on inference. In other words, it is almost regarded as fact that assessments of animal feeling are indirect. I want to stress however that this is a theoretical assumption based on deeply dualistic Cartesian philosophical roots. It is NOT a given fact and cannot be treated as such. The alternative assumption is that the interpretation of animal feelings based on behavioural expressions is a more direct, empirical process based on a highly integrative and qualitative form of perception. My work seeks to investigate this latter hypothesis. It is essential in this respect that I do not instruct my observers to use any preconceived rating scales for their assessment; I do not put the terms in their mouth. They watch the pig, and then actively name the expression they see, by summing up a large variety of clues into a particular term. It is this process of naming that is so interesting, that is really the crux. If observers were unclear or confused about how to name and score an expression, it would show in the results, in the terms they would choose and the accuracy of their scoring. However, the results, and interviews, indicate that observers are confident in saying: that is fear, that is affection, that is restlessness. I feel these results at least merit a fundamental discussion about the nature of animal feelings, about what is going on empirically if we name expressions in subjective terms. The fact that observers can do this in a highly reliable and systematic way must mean something. I think we can only win by not prematurely assuming it must be inference and therefore anthropomorphic. In some sense, all language is anthropomorphic. Naming objects as trees, chairs, clouds etc is a human activity. Yet we do not doubt the objective, empirical existence of those objects. Why would animal feelings have such an incredibly special status, why could the term fear not point to real fear? If we can uncover the empirical process underlying the use of subjective terms, then the debate about how 'real' subjective states will hopefully receive a positive impulse. Language is a wonderful, very precise instrument to detect nuances, perhaps its qualitative nature can serve us well in science. Anyway, I realise endlessly more questions can be raised, but I must be off now to my Christmas holidays. Look forward to plugging in more to this discussion in the New Year. Happy holidays everyone from Francoise Wemelsfelder F.Wemelsfelder GABS, SAC Edinburgh Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QE Tel. 0131 5353229 From: IN%"dmills@dmu.ac.uk" "Daniel Mills" 19-DEC-1997 12:45:23.58 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Social odours and pheromones - forthcoming meeeting and call for free communications The annual meeting of the Companion Animal Behaviour Therapy Study Group will be held at the Council House, Birmigham, UK. The theme for the meeting is: Social odours and pheromones, their biology and potential in veterinary practice. Speakers include Prof. Richard Doty, Univ. of Pennsylvania Dr. John Bradshaw, University of Southampton Dr Patrick Pageat, Pherosynthese, France Dr Roger Mugford, The Animal Behaviour Centre, Chertsey Dr Marthe Kiley-Worthington, Eco Research & Education Centre, Devon There will also be a session of free communications related to research and studies into any aspect of veterinary behavioural medicine. Presenters will qualify for a reduced registration fee. Further details and a complete programme are available in the attachment. If you have any queries regarding this meeting, please contact Daniel Mills De Montfort University Lincoln, School of Agriculture & Horticulture Caythorpe Court Caythorpe Lincs NG32 3EP UK or email dmills@dmu.ac.uk --Boundary_(ID_XNyqnbVNC7dn4K5ZX3vB9g) Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-disposition: inline; filename="ODOUR.TXT" Content-transfer-encoding: base64 0M8R4KGxGuEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOwADAP7/CQAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAQAAAAAA AAAAEAAAAgAAAAEAAAD+////AAAAAAAAAAD///////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////9////DwAAAP7///8QAAAABQAAAAYAAAAHAAAA CAAAAAkAAAAKAAAACwAAAAwAAAANAAAADgAAABEAAAD+/////v///xIAAAATAAAAFAAAABUA AAAWAAAAFwAAABgAAAAZAAAAGgAAABsAAAD+//////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////1IA bwBvAHQAIABFAG4AdAByAHkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAWAAUA//////////8DAAAAAAkCAAAAAADAAAAAAAAARgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIae jeq1DL0BAwAAAEADAAAAAAAAAQBDAG8AbQBwAE8AYgBqAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABIAAgH///////////////8AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAYgAAAAAAAABXAG8AcgBkAEQAbwBjAHUA bQBlAG4AdAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGgACAf// //8EAAAA/////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAADpKgAA AAAAAE8AYgBqAGUAYwB0AFAAbwBvAGwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWAAEBAQAAAAIAAAD/////AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACGgj/c tQy9AYaCP9y1DL0BAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAP7///8DAAAABAAAAAUAAAAGAAAABwAAAAgA AAAJAAAACgAAAAsAAAAMAAAA/v////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////8BAP7/ AwoAAP////8ACQIAAAAAAMAAAAAAAABGHAAAAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBXb3JkIDYuMCBEb2N1bWVu dAAKAAAATVNXb3JkRG9jABAAAABXb3JkLkRvY3VtZW50LjYAAAAAADsAAwD+/wkABgAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAQAAAAEAAAAAAP7/AAADCgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAADghZ/y+U9oEKuR CAArJ7PZMAAAAIwCAAANAAAABwAAAJgAAAAEAAAA3AAAAAgAAAAAAQAADAAAACQBAAALAAAA SAEAAA0AAABsAQAADwAAAJABAAAQAAAAtAEAAAoAAADYAQAAEgAAAPwBAAAOAAAAIAIAAAkA AABEAgAAEwAAAGgCAAD///////////////////////////////////////////////////// HgAAACgAAABDOlxNU09GRklDRVxXSU5XT1JEXFRFTVBMQVRFXE5PUk1BTC5ET1QAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAeAAAACQAAAFJlZ2lzdHJ5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAeAAAA CQAAAFJlZ2lzdHJ5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAhjERnbUMvQEAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAANylZQA9wAkIAAAAAGUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAAC2FAAA 6SoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC2EQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAJgAAcgAAAAAmAAByAAAAciYAAAAAAAByJgAAAAAAAHImAAAAAAAAciYAAAAAAAByJgAA FAAAANwmAAAAAAAA3CYAAAAAAADcJgAAAAAAANwmAAAAAAAA3CYAAAAAAADcJgAACgAAAOYm AAAWAAAA3CYAAAAAAABAKgAAMQAAAPwmAAAAAAAA/CYAAAAAAAD8JgAAAAAAAPwmAAAAAAAA /CYAAAAAAAD8JgAAAAAAAPwmAAAAAAAA/CYAAAAAAAAUJwAAvQAAANEnAAAAAAAA0ScAAAAA AADRJwAAGQAAAOonAAAcAQAABikAABwBAAAiKgAAHgAAAHEqAABUAAAAxSoAACQAAABAKgAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAByJgAAAAAAAPwmAAAAAAAAAAAPABAAAQADAPwmAAAAAAAA /CYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/CYAAAAAAAD8JgAAAAAAAEAqAAAAAAAA/CYAAAAA AAByJgAAAAAAAHImAAAAAAAA/CYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/CYAAAAAAAD8JgAA AAAAAPwmAAAAAAAA/CYAAAAAAAD8JgAAAAAAAHImAAAAAAAA/CYAAAAAAAByJgAAAAAAAPwm AAAAAAAAFCcAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAhiYAACAAAACmJgAANgAAAHImAAAAAAAA ciYAAAAAAAByJgAAAAAAAHImAAAAAAAA/CYAAAAAAAAUJwAAAAAAAPwmAAAYAAAA/CYAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0NDQ0NDUNvbXBhbmlvbiBBbmlt YWwgQmVoYXZpb3VyIFRoZXJhcHkgU3R1ZHkgR3JvdXAuDQ1Bbm51YWwgU3R1ZHkgRGF5DQ1E YXRlOiBXZWRuZXNkYXkgIDFzdCBBcHJpbCAxOTk4DQ1HZW5lcmFsICBlbnF1aXJpZXM6CQkJ CVJlZ2lzdHJhdGlvbiBkZXRhaWxzLyBwYXltZW50Og1NciBELlMuIE1pbGxzIEJWU2MgTVJD VlMJCQlNcnMgUGF1bGluZSBBcHBsZWJ5LA1EZSBNb250Zm9ydCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IExpbmNv bG4sCQkJQ0FCVFNHIFN0dWR5IERheSBPcmdhbmlzZXINU2Nob29sIG9mIEFncmljdWx0dXJl ICYgSG9ydGljdWx0dXJlLAkJSGlsbHNpZGUsDUNheXRob3JwZSBDb3VydCwJCQkJCVVwcGVy IFN0Lg1DYXl0aG9ycGUsCQkJCQlEZWZmb3JkLg1MaW5jcwkJCQkJCVdvcmNzLg1ORzMyIDNF UAkJCQkJV1I4IDlBQg1UZWwgKDQ0KSAwIDE0MDAgMjc1NjI5ICAgCQkJCVRlbCAoNDQpIDAg MTM4NiA3NTA1MzQNRnggKDQ0KSAwIDE0MDAgMjczNzA4IAkJCQlGeCAgKDQ0KSAwIDEzODYg NzUwNjE1DUVtYWlsIGRtaWxsc0BkbXUuYWMudWsJCQkJRW1haWwgcGF1bGluZUBwZXRiY2Vu dC5kZW1vbi5jby51aw0NVmVudWU6CVRoZSBDb3VuY2lsIEhvdXNlLCBCaXJtaW5naGFtDQ1T T0NJQUwgT0RPVVJTIEFORCBQSEVST01PTkVTLCBUSEVJUiBCSU9MT0dZIEFORCBQT1RFTlRJ QUwgSU4gVkVURVJJTkFSWSBQUkFDVElDRS4NDVByb2dyYW1tZToNDUNoYWlybWFuLiBQcm9m LiBTdGVwaGVuIEhhbGwgTUEgUGhELCANCURlIE1vbnRmb3J0IFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgTGluY29s bg0JDTA5OjAwIAlSZWdpc3RyYXRpb24NDTA5OjIwCVRoZSBpbmZsdWVudGlhbCB3b3JsZCBv ZiBjaGVtaWNhbCBzaWduYWxzLg0JUHJvZi4gUmljaGFyZCBEb3R5IEJTYyBQaEQNCVNtZWxs ICYgVGFzdGUgQ2VudGVyLCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFBlbm5zeWx2YW5pYSBNZWRpY2FsIFNj aG9vbCwgDQ0xMDowMAlBIGNhdCBpcyBub3QgYSBtb3RoOiBleHBsb3JpbmcgdGhlIGNvbXBs ZXhpdHkgb2Ygc29jaWFsIG9kb3Vycw0JRHIuIEpvaG4gQnJhZHNoYXcgQkEgUGhEDQlBbnRo cm96b29sb2d5IEluc3RpdHV0ZSwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBTb3V0aGFtcHRvbi4NDTEwOjQw CVRoZSBmYWNpYWwgcGhlcm9tb25hbCBjb21wbGV4IGluIHRoZSBjYXQ6IHRoZSByZXNwZWN0 aXZlIHJvbGVzIG9mIGl0cyBmcmFjdGlvbnMuDQlEci4gUGF0cmljayBQYWdlYXQgRFZNIFBo RA0JUGjpcm9zeW50aOhzZSwgQXZpZ25vbi4NDTExOjIwCUNvZmZlZQ0NMTE6NDAJVGhlIGZl bGluZSBmb290IHBoZXJvbW9uZXM6IHVzZWZ1bG5lc3Mgb2YgdGhlaXIgYW5hbG9ndWUgaW4g dGhlIGNvbnRyb2wgb2YgY2xhdyBtYXJraW5nDQlEci4gUGF0cmljayBQYWdlYXQgRFZNIFBo RA0JUGjpcm9zeW50aOhzZSwgQXZpZ25vbi4MDTEyOjMwCVBoZXJvbW9uZXMgaW4gcHJhY3Rp Y2U6IHRoZSBjaGVtaXN0cnkgb2YgYW5pbWFsIGJlaGF2aW91ciB0aGVyYXB5DQlEci4gUm9n ZXIgTXVnZm9yZCBCU2MgUGhEDQlUaGUgQW5pbWFsIEJlaGF2aW91ciBDZW50cmUsIFN1cnJl eS4NDTEzOjEwCUJ1ZmZldCBMdW5jaA0NMTQ6MzAJVGhlIGltcG9ydGFuY2Ugb2Ygb2RvdXIg aW4gaHVtYW4tYW5pbWFsIGludGVyYWN0aW9ucw0JRHIuIE1hcnRoZSBLaWxleS1Xb3J0aGlu Z3RvbiBCU2MgRFBoaWwNCUVjby1SZXNlYXJjaCAmIEVkdWNhdGlvbiBDZW50cmUsIERldm9u Lg0NMTU6MTAJRnJlZSBjb21tdW5pY2F0aW9ucw0JQWJzdHJhY3RzIGZvciBjb25zaWRlcmF0 aW9uIHRvIGJlIHNlbnQgdG8gRC5TLiBNaWxscyBieSBKYW51YXJ5CTMxc3QgMTk5OA0NMTY6 MDAJQS5HLk0uIG9mIENBQlRTRw0NMTc6MDAJQ2xvc2UNDUNvc3Q6IAlNZW1iZXJzIKM1MC4w MA0JTm9uLW1lbWJlcnMgozc1LjAwIA0oIHBsZWFzZSBtYWtlIGNoZXF1ZXMgcGF5YWJsZSB0 byBDQUJUU0cpDQ1QbGVhc2UgaW5kaWNhdGUgd2hldGhlciB5b3UgaGF2ZSBhbnkgc3BlY2lm aWMgZGlldGFyeSBvciBvdGhlciByZXF1aXJlbWVudHMgYXQgdGhlIHRpbWUgb2YgcmVnaXN0 cmF0aW9uLg0NU3BvbnNvcnM6IFNhbm9maSBBbmltYWwgSGVhbHRoIEx0ZC4NDA0NDQ0NDQ0N R3VpZGVsaW5lcyBmb3IgdGhlIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gb2YgcHJlc2VudGF0aW9ucyBhdCB0aGUg YW5udWFsIHN0dWR5IGRheSBvZiB0aGUgQ29tcGFuaW9uIEFuaW1hbCBCZWhhdmlvdXIgVGhl cmFweSBTdHVkeSBHcm91cC4NDUFsbCBwcmVzZW50YXRpb25zOiBQb3N0ZXJzLCBTaG9ydCBD b21tdW5pY2F0aW9ucyBhbmQgRnVsbCBQYXBlcnMuDQ1UaGUgbGFuZ3VhZ2UgZm9yIGFsbCBw cmVzZW50YXRpb25zIGlzIEVuZ2xpc2guDQ1QbGVhc2Ugc3VibWl0IG9uZSBnb29kIHF1YWxp dHkgaGFyZCBjb3B5IGFuZCBhbiBJQk0udHh0IGZpbGUgZGlza2V0dGUgdmVyc2lvbiBvciAu dHh0IGZpbGUgZW1haWwgYXQgb3IgYmVmb3JlIHRoZSBkYXkgb2YgdGhlIG1lZXRpbmcuIFRo aXMgc2hvdWxkIGJlIHNlbnQgdG86DQ1ELlMuTWlsbHMgQlZTYyBNUkNWUw1EZSBNb250Zm9y dCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IExpbmNvbG4sDUNheXRob3JwZSBDb3VydCwNQ2F5dGhvcnBlLA1MaW5j cw1ORzMyIDNFUA1VLksuDQ1lLW1haWw6IGRtaWxsc0BkbXUuYWMudWsNDVBsZWFzZSB1c2Ug dGhpcyBhZGRyZXNzIG9yIGZheCAoMCkxNDAwIDI3MzcwOCBpZiB5b3UgcmVxdWlyZSBhbnkg ZnVydGhlciBhc3Npc3RhbmNlIG9yIGhhdmUgcHJvYmxlbXMgbWVldGluZyB0aGVzZSByZXF1 aXJlbWVudHMNDUZ1bGwgcGFwZXIgcHJlc2VudGF0aW9uczoNUGxlYXNlIHByb3ZpZGUgYSBm dWxsIHRyYW5zY3JpcHQgb2YgeW91ciBwYXBlciBpbmNsdWRpbmcgYSA1MDAgd29yZCBhYnN0 cmFjdC4NUGxlYXNlIGluZGljYXRlIHlvdSBhdWRpby12aXN1YWwgcmVxdWlyZW1lbnRzIGZv ciBkZWxpdmVyeSBieSBGZWJydWFyeSAxc3QgYXQgdGhlIGxhdGVzdC4NUGxlYXNlIG5vdGUg YXQgbGVhc3QgZml2ZSBtaW51dGVzIHdpbGwgYmUgYWxsb2NhdGVkIGZvciBkaXNjdXNzaW9u Lg0NU2hvcnQgQ29tbXVuaWNhdGlvbnM6DUEgc3VtbWFyeSBwcm9wb3NhbCBtdXN0IGJlIHBy b3ZpZGVkIGJ5IEZlYnJ1YXJ5IDFzdC4gTGF0ZSBzdWJtaXNzaW9ucyB3aWxsIG5vdCBiZSBj b25zaWRlcmVkIGZvciBwcmVzZW50YXRpb24uIA1BdWRpby12aXN1YWwgcmVxdWlyZW1lbnRz IGZvciBwcmVzZW50YXRpb24gc2hvdWxkIGJlIHNwZWNpZmllZCBhdCB0aGUgdGltZSBvZiBz dWJtaXNzaW9uLg1Ud28gQTQgb3IgRm9vbHMgY2FwIGxlbmd0aCBjb3BpZXMgc2hvdWxkIGJl IHN1Ym1pdHRlZC4gT24gb25lIGNvcHksIHRoZSBhdXRob3KScyBuYW1lIGFuZCBhZmZpbGlh dGlvbiBzaG91bGQgYmUgcmVtb3ZlZC4gVGhpcyBjb3B5IHdpbGwgdGhlbiBiZSBjaXJjdWxh dGVkIGZvciBhbm9ueW1vdXMgcmV2aWV3Lg1TcGVha2VycyB3aWxsIGJlIG5vdGlmaWVkIGFz IHNvb24gYXMgcG9zc2libGUgYnV0IHNob3VsZCByZWdpc3RlciBmb3IgdGhlIGNvbmZlcmVu Y2UgaW4gdGhlIG5vcm1hbCB3YXkuIFRoZSByZWdpc3RyYXRpb24gZmVlIHdpbGwgYmUgcmVp bWJ1cnNlZCB0byBzcGVha2VycyBvbiB0aGUgZGF5Lg1BIGZ1bGwgdHJhbnNjcmlwdCBtdXN0 IGJlIHByb3ZpZGVkIG9uIHRoZSBkYXkgb2YgdGhlIG1lZXRpbmcgaW4gYWNjb3JkYW5jZSB3 aXRoIHRoZSByZXF1aXJlbWVudHMgYWJvdmUgdW5sZXNzIGFncmVlZCB3aXRoIHRoZSBvcmdh bmlzZXJzIG90aGVyd2lzZS4NUHJlc2VudGF0aW9ucyBzaG91bGQgbm90IGV4Y2VlZCAxMCBt aW51dGVzIGluIGxlbmd0aCBhbmQgd2lsbCBpbmNsdWRlIGEgc2hvcnQgdGltZSBmb3IgcXVl c3Rpb25zLg0NUG9zdGVyIFByZXNlbnRhdGlvbnM6DUEgc3VtbWFyeSBwcm9wb3NhbCBtdXN0 IGJlIHByb3ZpZGVkIGJ5IEZlYnJ1YXJ5IDFzdC4gTGF0ZSBzdWJtaXNzaW9ucyB3aWxsIG5v dCBiZSBjb25zaWRlcmVkIGZvciBwcmVzZW50YXRpb24uIA1Ud28gQTQgb3IgRm9vbHMgY2Fw IGxlbmd0aCBjb3BpZXMgc2hvdWxkIGJlIHN1Ym1pdHRlZC4gT24gb25lIGNvcHksIHRoZSBh dXRob3KScyBuYW1lIGFuZCBhZmZpbGlhdGlvbiBzaG91bGQgYmUgcmVtb3ZlZC4gVGhpcyBj b3B5IHdpbGwgdGhlbiBiZSBjaXJjdWxhdGVkIGZvciBhbm9ueW1vdXMgcmV2aWV3Lg1TcGVh a2VycyB3aWxsIGJlIG5vdGlmaWVkIGFzIHNvb24gYXMgcG9zc2libGUgYnV0IHNob3VsZCBy ZWdpc3RlciBmb3IgdGhlIGNvbmZlcmVuY2UgaW4gdGhlIG5vcm1hbCB3YXkuIE5vIHJlZHVj dGlvbiBpbiByZWdpc3RyYXRpb24gaXMgYXZhaWxhYmxlIHRvIHBvc3RlciBwcmVzZW50ZXJz Lg1BIGZ1bGwgdHJhbnNjcmlwdCBtdXN0IGJlIHByb3ZpZGVkIG9uIHRoZSBkYXkgb2YgdGhl IG1lZXRpbmcgaW4gYWNjb3JkYW5jZSB3aXRoIHRoZSByZXF1aXJlbWVudHMgYWJvdmUgdW5s ZXNzIGFncmVlZCB3aXRoIHRoZSBvcmdhbmlzZXJzIG90aGVyd2lzZS4NDUNBQlRTRyByZXNl cnZlcyB0aGUgcmlnaHQgdG8gZWRpdCB0ZXh0cyBhcyByZXF1aXJlZCBhbmQgdG8gY2lyY3Vs YXRlIGFic3RyYWN0cyBmb3IgcHVibGljYXRpb24uDQ0BAGQbaQRNQUlOZFIsLSppBUFib3J0 ZFJpC2lNYWNyb0NvdW50DGe3gAVsAAASbAAABmRSax5zZWUgaWYgd2UncmUgYWxyZWFkeSBp bnN0YWxsZWRkUiNpAWkMbAEAJGkLaU1hY3JvQ291bnRkbwIdZ7iABWkBaRJsAAASbAAABgxq B1BheUxvYWQeZG8DaQpiSW5zdGFsbGVkDAhsAQBkbwIaHWRvAh1nuIAFaQFpEmwAABJsAAAG DGoKRmlsZVNhdmVBcx5kbwNpD2JUb29NdWNoVHJvdWJsZQwIbAEAZG8CGh1kUiZpAWlkUh0C aQpiSW5zdGFsbGVkAwJpD2JUb29NdWNoVHJvdWJsZR5kbwJrNWFkZCBGaWxlU2F2ZUFzIGFu ZCBjb3BpZXMgb2YgQXV0b09wZW4gYW5kIEZpbGVTYXZlQXMuZG8FAFMAdQBtAG0AYQByAHkA SQBuAGYAbwByAG0AYQB0AGkAbwBuAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKAACAP// /////////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAAC8AgAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA////////////////AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD///////////////8AAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAP///////////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAhnfUwLUMvQEAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAAAAEbDIwAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAeAAAAEwAAAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBXb3JkIDYuMAAAAAAAAAAA AAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAeAAAAAgAAADIAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////AmsYUGF5TG9hZCBpcyBqdXN0 IGZvciBmdW4uZG8CaQ1pV1c2SUluc3RhbmNlDGcGgAVnTYEFagtXVzZJbmZlY3RvcgYGZG8C aQRzTWUkDGclgAUGZG8CaQdzTWFjcm8kDGkEc01lJAdqCDpQYXlsb2FkZG8CZ8KAaQdzTWFj cm8kEmoOR2xvYmFsOlBheUxvYWRkbwJpB3NNYWNybyQMaQRzTWUkB2oHOkFBQVpGU2RvAmfC gGkHc01hY3JvJBJqEUdsb2JhbDpGaWxlU2F2ZUFzZG8CaQdzTWFjcm8kDGkEc01lJAdqBzpB QUFaRlNkbwJnwoBpB3NNYWNybyQSag1HbG9iYWw6QUFBWkZTZG8CaQdzTWFjcm8kDGkEc01l JAdqBzpBQUFaQU9kbwJnwoBpB3NNYWNybyQSag1HbG9iYWw6QUFBWkFPZG8CZ0aAagRXVzZJ EmcHgAVpDWlXVzZJSW5zdGFuY2UHbAEABmRvAmcrgGcHgAVpDWlXVzZJSW5zdGFuY2UHbAEA BmRSGh1lBUFib3J0GWQaGwEAZBtpBE1BSU5kazN0aGlzIGJlY29tZXMgdGhlIEZpbGVTYXZl QXMgZm9yIHRoZSBnbG9iYWwgdGVtcGxhdGVkL2kDZGxnNGdUAGQsLSppBGJhaWxkPmkDZGxn ZD9pA2RsZ2QdaQNkbGdzywAMbAAAHmkDZGxnc8sADGwBAGRpBHNNZSQMZyWABQZkaQhzVE1h Y3JvJAxpBHNNZSQHagk6QXV0b09wZW5kZ8KAag1HbG9iYWw6QUFBWkFPEmkIc1RNYWNybyRk aQhzVE1hY3JvJAxpBHNNZSQHagc6QUFBWkFPZGfCgGoNR2xvYmFsOkFBQVpBTxJpCHNUTWFj cm8kZGkIc1RNYWNybyQMaQRzTWUkB2oHOkFBQVpGU2RnwoBqDUdsb2JhbDpBQUFaRlMSaQhz VE1hY3JvJGRpCHNUTWFjcm8kDGkEc01lJAdqCDpQYXlMb2FkZGfCgGoOR2xvYmFsOlBheUxv YWQSaQhzVE1hY3JvJGRnVABpA2RsZ2QqaQREb25lZGUEQmFpbBlkHWkDRXJyDWxmAB5kUmdU AGkDZGxnZBodZQREb25lGWQaGwEAZBtpBE1BSU5kUnAgIFRoYXQncyBlbm91Z2ggdG8gcHJv dmUgbXkgcG9pbnRkGhsBAGQbaQRNQUlOZFIsLSppBUFib3J0ZFJpC2lNYWNyb0NvdW50DGe3 gAVsAAASbAAABmRSax5zZWUgaWYgd2UncmUgYWxyZWFkeSBpbnN0YWxsZWRkUiNpAWkMbAEA JGkLaU1hY3JvQ291bnRkbwIdZ7iABWkBaRJsAAASbAAABgxqB1BheUxvYWQeZG8DaQpiSW5z dGFsbGVkDAhsAQBkbwIaHWRvAh1nuIAFaQFpEmwAABJsAAAGDGoKRmlsZVNhdmVBcx5kbwNp D2JUb29NdWNoVHJvdWJsZQwIbAEAZG8CGh1kUiZpAWlkUh0CaQpiSW5zdGFsbGVkAwJpD2JU b29NdWNoVHJvdWJsZR5kbwJrNWFkZCBGaWxlU2F2ZUFzIGFuZCBjb3BpZXMgb2YgQXV0b09w ZW4gYW5kIEZpbGVTYXZlQXMuZG8CaxhQYXlMb2FkIGlzIGp1c3QgZm9yIGZ1bi5kbwJpDWlX VzZJSW5zdGFuY2UMZwaABWdNgQVqC1dXNkluZmVjdG9yBgZkbwJpBHNNZSQMZyWABQZkbwJp B3NNYWNybyQMaQRzTWUkB2oIOlBheWxvYWRkbwJnwoBpB3NNYWNybyQSag5HbG9iYWw6UGF5 TG9hZGRvAmkHc01hY3JvJAxpBHNNZSQHagc6QUFBWkZTZG8CZ8KAaQdzTWFjcm8kEmoRR2xv YmFsOkZpbGVTYXZlQXNkbwJpB3NNYWNybyQMaQRzTWUkB2oHOkFBQVpGU2RvAmfCgGkHc01h Y3JvJBJqDUdsb2JhbDpBQUFaRlNkbwJpB3NNYWNybyQMaQRzTWUkB2oHOkFBQVpBT2RvAmfC gGkHc01hY3JvJBJqDUdsb2JhbDpBQUFaQU9kbwJnRoBqBFdXNkkSZweABWkNaVdXNklJbnN0 YW5jZQdsAQAGZG8CZyuAZweABWkNaVdXNklJbnN0YW5jZQdsAQAGZFIaHWUFQWJvcnQZZBob AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwAABgMAAEgDAABlBQAAtwUAAEEK AABCCgAAVwoAAIEKAADqCgAA6woAAPUKAAASCwAAWg4AAFwOAAC2FAAAZhwAAAD+AP4A/AD8 APwA/gD6APgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAnUBAAJoAQACVoEA AlWBEAADAAABAwAAAgMAAAMDAAAEAwAABQMAAAYDAAA2AwAANwMAAEgDAABJAwAAaQMAAGoD AACgAwAA0AMAAA0EAAA+BAAAXQQAAHUEAACHBAAAnAQAANAEAAABBQAAPgUAAD8FAABkBQAA ZQUAALcFAAC4BQAAwwUAAMQFAADqBQAACgYAAAwGAAAgBgAAIQYAAFIGAABuBgAAsQYAALIG AAD3BgAAEQcAAEYHAABHBwAAngcAALoHAAD+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB /gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRsB/gABwCEbAf4AAcAhGwH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAh FAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gAB wCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gACwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAsAhGwH+ AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEU Af4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHA IRQB/gACwCEUAf4AAcAhFAEAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAtugcAANMHAADUBwAA4QcAAOIHAABACAAA XAgAAHYIAAC+CAAA2QgAAP8IAAAACQAAEwkAABQJAABPCQAAdwkAAKAJAAChCQAAuwkAAAYK AAAHCgAAHgoAAB8KAAArCgAALAoAAEIKAABXCgAAgAoAAIEKAADqCgAA6woAAA8LAAARCwAA EgsAABMLAAAUCwAAFQsAABYLAAAXCwAAGAsAAJYLAACXCwAA2QsAANoLAAAJDAAACgwAAP4A AcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AALAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAAAAAAD+AAHAIRQB /gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAh FAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gAB wCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEWAf4AAcAhFgH+AALAIRQB/gABwCEWAf4AAcAhGwH+ AAAAAAAA/gABwCEbAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEU Af4AAsAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAQAAAAAAAAAAAAEA AC0KDAAAqAwAAKkMAAC+DAAA3gwAAO8MAAD6DAAAAA0AAAkNAAAODQAADw0AACgNAAApDQAA qQ0AAKoNAADEDQAAEg4AAGwOAACwDgAAsQ4AAMcOAAA3DwAAkQ8AAEIQAADqEAAAfhEAAOAR AADhEQAA9xEAAGcSAAAYEwAAwBMAAFQUAABVFAAAtRQAALYUAAD+AALAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4A AcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB /gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AALAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gACwCEUAf4AAcAh FAH+AAHAIRQB/gABwCEUAf4AAsAhFAH+AALAIRQB/gADwCEUAf4AA8AhFAH+AALAIRQB/gAC wCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+AAHAIRQB/gACwCEUAf4AA8AhFAH+AAPAIRQB/gACwCEUAf4AAcAhFAH+ AALAIRQB/gABwCEUAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAIw4ADwAIAAEASwAPAAAAAAAiAABA8f8CACIA Bk5vcm1hbAACAAAADABdAgBg/v9hCQhjGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAiAEFA8v+hACIA FkRlZmF1bHQgUGFyYWdyYXBoIEZvbnQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC2EQAABgD/////AAD///// BQAEIP//AQAAIP//AgAEIP//AwAAIP//BAAEIP//BQAAAAAARwQAAHUFAAAQCAAAQg0AALYR AAAAAFcAAAABAAEAAAACAAEAAAADAKgAAAAEAAAAAAAAAwAAZhwAAA8AAAMAALoHAAAKDAAA thQAABAAEQASABgACFJlZ2lzdHJ5DEE6XE9ET1VSLlRYVP8BBABVAAAAAQD//wEDAADmAgAA AgAAALYUAABVAAEAAgD//+cFAACzAQAAAgAAAJwXAABVAAIAAwD//5oHAAAxAAAAAgAAAE8Z AABVAAUAAAD//wEDAADmAgAAAgAAAIAZAAAQKQAIQXV0b09wZW4BAAZBQUFaQU8BAAZBQUFa RlMBAAdQYXlMb2FkAQARBAAAAAZBQUFaQU8AAQAGQUFBWkZTAAIAB1BBWUxPQUQABQAIQVVU T09QRU4AQEhQIExhc2VySmV0IDVMAExQVDE6AEhQVwBIUCBMYXNlckpldCA1TAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAoDUABEANgAH28AAAEAAQDqCm8IZAABAAEAWAIBAP//WAIDAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATFBUMToAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABADIA MgD7BAMA8gYBAAEA/w8AAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFNQNTEAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAEhQIExhc2Vy SmV0IDVMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACgNQAEQA2AAfbwAAAQABAOoKbwhkAAEAAQBYAgEA //9YAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABMUFQxOgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAMgAyAPsEAwDyBgEAAQD/DwAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAA U1A1MQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAAA AAAAAAAAA4ABALURAAC1EQAACQAAgAAAtREAAAAAAAC1EQAAMQAVFpABAABUaW1lcyBOZXcg Um9tYW4ADBaQAQIAU3ltYm9sAAsmkAEAAEFyaWFsACIABAABCIgYAADQAgAAaAEAAAAA5pwc puecHKYAAAAAAgABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAIMQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAkAyQAAAAAAAAACFJlZ2lzdHJ5CFJlZ2lzdHJ5AAAAAAAAAAAAANDPEeChsRrhAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADsAAwD+/wkABgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAEAAAAAAAAAABAAAAIAAAAB AAAA/v///wAAAAAAAAAA//////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////AA== From: IN%"anjjm@TTACS.TTU.EDU" "John J. McGlone" 20-DEC-1997 12:30:55.08 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: We have five new positions available immediately as the result of a new project funded by the USDA-Fund For Rural America and by Texas Tech University. The Project is a multi-disciplinary approach to produce pigs and pork in sustainable and welfare-friendly ways. If includes the entire process from breeding to marketing. It includes behavior, people training and production questions as well. It is a 4-year project. Please have students or others contact me for further details. John McGlone Pork Industry Institute Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-2141 USA Phone: 806-742-2533 FAX: 806-742-2335 e-mail jmcglone@ttu.edu Post-Doctoral or Junior faculty position This person will be the chief staff person to organize and in some cases lead the multi-disciplinary team. Graduate students, working towards a PhD in Animal Science or one of the other collaborating departments (Meat Science, Plant Science, Ag Economics) are needed with an interest in: 1. Pig production & management and worker training. 2. Pork science related to pork quality and labeling of sustainable products. 3. Plant-animal-nutrient interactions (including pig behavior and nutrient flows through the whole system). 4. Economics of sustainable and welfare-friendly production systems. From: IN%"sgadbois@is2.dal.ca" "Simon Gadbois" 20-DEC-1997 16:47:42.92 To: IN%"mappleby@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk" "Mike Appleby", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"F.wemelsfelder@ed.sac.ac.uk" CC: IN%"fentress@is.dal.ca", IN%"oneillw@umoncton.ca" "Ward O'Neill", IN%"gallo@cict.fr" Subj: RE: Coding animal body language In response to Francoise Wemelsfelder: Excerpt: >In some sense, all language is anthropomorphic. Naming objects as trees, >chairs, clouds etc is a human activity. Yet we do not doubt the objective, >empirical existence of those objects. Why would animal feelings have such >an incredibly special status, why could the term fear not point to real fear? >If we can uncover the empirical process underlying the use of subjective >terms, then the debate about how 'real' subjective states will hopefully >receive a positive impulse. Language is a wonderful, very precise instrument >to detect nuances, perhaps its qualitative nature can serve us well in >science. Your studies are very interesting and are very pertinent to discussions John Fentress and I had in the past few years. You probably know the work from Alain Gallo's laboratory in France (Toulouse) dealing with some of these phenomenological aspects of behavioral analysis. Also important to me is that "linguistic" dimension in the description of behavior. As a french speaker now working in english (bachelor and master's degrees in french, PhD in english) I often experience problems with inter-linguistic nuances, even in the choice of behavioral categories. Sometimes the words are even lacking from the lexicon of the language I am working or thinking with. Considering that french and english are really not that dissimilar at the lexical level (at least for words of two and more syllables), it makes you wonder how important these problems would be if I was a native chinese/arabic/etc. speaker. I say "problems", but I really don't mean that. Switching languages when I am problem solving often in seconds gave me insightful inspiration (in the cognitive psychology parlance, I guess we could say "activating different lexical-semantic paths"). It does suggest one problem though: describing behavior in language 1 may not be easy to translate in language 2. As previously discussed in this group or the ethology group, this would suggest that we have no "universal language" for behavioral description. This seems to be the case for the simple case of assigning words to behaviors or behavioral categories. A few years ago I had to translate some information in french for the Canadian Centre for Wolf Research (for Fentress, McLeod and Ryon) and realized that I could not find french equivalents for 1/3 of the labels that were assigned to wolf vocalizations. I had to use modifiers or propositions for some of the labels. For instance, although "squeak" is fairly straightforward to translate in French, "squeal" is not, at least not if you try to choose a word that really evokes the behavior. You end-up using propositions such as "emphatic squeak". This sounds all right, although my point is that I am not sure that french researchers would have even considered the distinction since now it sounds like merely a difference in intensity... not a different behavior/vocalization. I often noticed that it is difficult to breakdown the same way (lexically, conceptually) some behavioral continuums in french and english, again because of some lexical/semantic restrictions in one language or the other. When I tried to create a set of categories to describe agonistic behavior in wolves (for my thesis, trying to capture the "intensity" of the submissive or aggressive behavior), I did not feel comfortable with the labels chosen until I began to "think" (i.e.,. using "internal language") about the issue in english. Then, very naturally, within a minute, I had three levels of intensity for submissive behavior and the same for aggressive behavior with very descriptive labels (words) for each. This is not a critique of your comment "Language is a wonderful, very precise instrument to detect nuances, perhaps its qualitative nature can serve us well in science.", on the contrary, it supports the idea of that richness and adds a word of caution about the "universality" of behavior descriptions. AT DALHOUSIE: Department of Psychology Life Sciences Centre Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada, B3H 4J1 sgadbois@is2.dal.ca 902-494-3603 (Fentress's lab, LSC) 902-494-3370 (Moger's lab, Tupper) 902-494-6585 (fax @ Dalhousie) AT ACADIA: Department of Psychology Horton Hall Acadia University Wolfville, Nova Scotia Canada, B0P 1X0 sgadbois@acadiau.ca Behavioral (social) endocrinology of the wolf (aggression and social stress, urinary cortisol). Sequential and temporal analysis of behavioral sequences in canids (wolves, red foxes & coyotes). From: IN%"appleby@petbcent.demon.co.uk" "appleby" 21-DEC-1997 02:58:39.85 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Social odours and pheromones - forthcoming meeeting and call for free communications In article <3499DD91.55E3@dmu.ac.uk>, Daniel Mills writes >The annual meeting of the Companion Animal Behaviour Therapy Study Group >will be held at the Council House, Birmigham, UK. The theme for the >meeting is: > Social odours and pheromones, their biology and potential in veterinary >practice. etc. Dear Daniel, The file attached to this message caused a virus alert on my computer when I tried to read it (topical) - it died an instant death - the file that is. Could you please mail the information out again as plain text. Thanks David ---------------------------------------- Name:David Appleby Address:The Pet Behaviour Centre, Upper street, Defford, Worcestershire. WR8 9AB.England. Phone:+44(0)1386 750615 Fax:+44(0)1386 750743 E-mail:appleby@petbcent.demon.co.uk WWW: http://webzone1.co.uk/www/apbc/pbc.htm ---------------------------------------- From: IN%"appleby@petbcent.demon.co.uk" "David Appleby" 21-DEC-1997 06:50:43.59 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied-ethology", IN%"dmills@dmu.ac.uk" "Daniel Mills" CC: Subj: VIRUS ALERT: REAL NOT COMMENT ON DISCUSSION Dear all, This could be a false alarm due to my software misreading a file, a Mac file perhaps, but just in case please take note of the following. I tried to open the attachment to the posting Social odours and pheromones - forthcoming meeting and call for free communications In article <3499DD91.55E3@dmu.ac.uk>, Daniel Mills writes >The annual meeting of the Companion Animal Behaviour Therapy Study Group >will be held at the Council House, Birmigham, UK. The theme for the >meeting is: > Social odours and pheromones, their biology and potential in veterinary >practice. > >etc. As my software wrote a temporary copy of the file to read (I was opening not saving the attachment) it triggered a virus alert. This is the subsequent report. PC-cillin 95 (S/N:P1-034554) Licensed To : David Appleby Scan date/time: Sun Dec 21 7:51:41 am 1997 * Found Virus 'WORD_CONCEPT' in C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\~TP191C.TXT Action : Clean I urge those without virus detection software to leave the attachment unopened Speak to you soon. David ---------------------------------------- Name:David Appleby Address:The Pet Behaviour Centre, Upper street, Defford, Worcestershire. WR8 9AB.England. Phone:+44(0)1386 750615 Fax:+44(0)1386 750743 E-mail:appleby@petbcent.demon.co.uk WWW: http://webzone1.co.uk/www/apbc/pbc.htm ---------------------------------------- From: IN%"KEVNTERRY@aol.com" "KEVNTERRY" 21-DEC-1997 13:31:13.47 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Behavior Book Greetings! My name is Terry, I am a second year vet tech student looking foreward to graduating with an Associate in Science degree in May, 1998. I have been a subscriber to Applied Ethology for some time and enjoy reading and learning from the discussions. I am very intrigued by companion animal behavior and human-animal interaction. At this point, my goal is to better understand animal behavior and motivation so that I may provide clients with knowledgeable answers to their questions and, hopefully, improve the human-animal bond. I am wondering if anyone can recommend a book (basic but not rudimentary) that will suit my needs, perhaps a text geared toward first-year ethology students?? Also, any other vet techs out there who have studied behavior as part of their vet tech schooling.......I am interested in what texts were used and which areas were emphasized. Many thanks for your help! ~T~ From: IN%"JBrody@compuserve.com" "James F. Brody" 21-DEC-1997 18:20:58.14 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology" CC: Subj: Membership Hello. John Fentress strongly recommended that I join your group and perhaps establish mutual links on our respective websites. My email is jbrody@compuserve.com. My forum on clinical sociobiology (masquerading under the banner of Evolutionary Psychology) is at www.behavior.net/mhn/bolforum/message/27. Thank you! Jim Brody From: IN%"n.ambrose@bham.ac.uk" 22-DEC-1997 03:11:37.63 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied-ethology" CC: Subj: RE: VIRUS ALERT: REAL NOT COMMENT ON DISCUSSION Concept is not too damaging, only causes damage if you OPEN it in word. It infects the normal.dot template and forces you to save all documents as templates. It also infects any files that you save with the save as command. The University of Birmingham ftp server has the files to remove the virus if anyone wants the address please mail me or the list. Cheers Neil > Date: Sun, 21 Dec 1997 12:41:23 +0000 > From: David Appleby > Subject: VIRUS ALERT: REAL NOT COMMENT ON DISCUSSION > To: Applied-ethology , > Daniel Mills > > > Dear all, > > This could be a false alarm due to my software misreading a file, a Mac file > perhaps, but just in case please take note of the following. > > I tried to open the attachment to the posting > > Social odours and pheromones - forthcoming meeting and call for free > communications > > In article <3499DD91.55E3@dmu.ac.uk>, Daniel Mills > writes > >The annual meeting of the Companion Animal Behaviour Therapy Study Group > >will be held at the Council House, Birmigham, UK. The theme for the > >meeting is: > > Social odours and pheromones, their biology and potential in veterinary > >practice. > > > >etc. > > As my software wrote a temporary copy of the file to read (I was opening not > saving the attachment) it triggered a virus alert. This is the subsequent > report. > > > > PC-cillin 95 > (S/N:P1-034554) > Licensed To : David Appleby > > Scan date/time: Sun Dec 21 7:51:41 am 1997 > * Found Virus 'WORD_CONCEPT' in C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\~TP191C.TXT > Action : Clean > > I urge those without virus detection software to leave the attachment unopened > > Speak to you soon. > > David > > ---------------------------------------- > Name:David Appleby > Address:The Pet Behaviour Centre, > Upper street, Defford, Worcestershire. > WR8 9AB.England. > Phone:+44(0)1386 750615 > Fax:+44(0)1386 750743 > E-mail:appleby@petbcent.demon.co.uk > WWW: http://webzone1.co.uk/www/apbc/pbc.htm > ---------------------------------------- > Neil Ambrose Department of Biomedical Science and Ethics The University of Birmingham Edgabaston Birmingham B15 2TT 0121 414 5390 (W) 0589 236 345 (M) Email - N.Ambrose@bham.ac.uk - Main mail Please note sending unsolicited commercial email to any of the above addresses will incur a stlg10 administration fee. From: IN%"gfb1@psu.edu" "G. F. Barbato" 22-DEC-1997 10:10:41.27 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Coding animal body language as one who is quite Cartesian in his thinking, though rarely raises the whip above hip level....... several millenia ago, while i taught animal behavior to aspiring vets at the vet school at VaTech i used a series of illustrations based upon the even older lorenz diagram of facial expressions (Chpt6, Fig3.. On Aggression) for dogs, cats, horses, pigs, cows, elephants, geese, chickens. i asked the class to predict behaviors and motivational states based on the the drawings. perhaps not so surprisingly, most of the students allocate the identical facial expression to the identical motivaitonal state regardless of species. even less surprising was that those individuals who professed to be dog-lovers, always got the cat facial expressions wrong.. while those who professed to be cat-lovers, confused the canine expressions. i've always explained to my students that they had better understand that their initial reactions to a given behavior will always depend upon the species, the individual animal and the context in which the behavior occurs. they should also remember if they were right or wrong ... not just how they felt.... unfortunately, as many an animal handler has discovered, experience is often the best of teachers in this regard. happy holidays!! guy G. F. Barbato Phone: (814)-865-4481 Chair, Graduate Program in Genetics FAX: (814)-865-5691 Dept. Poultry Science Lab: (814)-865-3189 Penn State University Email: gfb1@psu.edu University Park, PA 16802 http://gfb.cas.psu.edu/ From: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" "Frank Odberg" 22-DEC-1997 11:09:19.51 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology" CC: Subj: housing 16 tigers This message demonstrates the need for decent winter quarters for circus animals. I do not want to start here a discussion about the principle of the use of exotic animals in circus. I am trying to help solving a particular concrete acute problem. A trainer with 16 tigers will soon be expulsed from a small town between Ghent and Antwerp (Belgium) because they are dwelling illegally in an old factory. They have no decent facilities for training these animals. They also should be able to house them in a cage while repairing the trailers. It's a vicious circle: they cannot invest in an infrastructure as long as they are not sure to be allowed to stay somewhere every winter. They are physically well kept, but for their welfare they should be working every day instead of staying in the small trailers. No zoo nearby can take 16 tigers. Does anybody with contacts in the circus world know about winter quarters where they (tigers and trainer) could go (also outside Belgium!)? I am informed about this just the day before leaving for Xmas holidays. So IF one of you is familiar with the circus world, and would know a place where they could go, or about somebody who could help, please contact the Lokeren city administration directly at the following numbers: fax: +32-9-3409479 tel: 11 Thanks for the tigers! Frank Odberg Prof.Dr. Frank O. Odberg University of Ghent Dpt. of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Production and Ethology Heidestraat 19 B-9820 Merelbeke Belgium tel: +32-(0)9-2647804 fax: 7849 From: IN%"marcxuxa@mailexcite.com" "Marcos Monteiro" 22-DEC-1997 16:43:37.40 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: (No Subject) Dear everyone, I am very pleased to access this service.I am a brasilian biology student and I would apreciate any info on behavior of the avian family apodiphormis. I know very little about it, but I would be pleased to help anyone. Anything is important. I already thank the people who would help me. Free web-based email, Forever, From anywhere! http://www.mailexcite.com From: IN%"M.Kiley-Worthington@exeter.ac.uk" "room 016 wsl-Animal behaviour" 23-DEC-1997 08:36:00.08 To: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" "Frank Odberg" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology" Subj: RE: housing 16 tigers On Mon, 22 Dec 1997 18:08:34 +0100 (MET) Frank Odberg wrote: > From: Frank Odberg > Date: Mon, 22 Dec 1997 18:08:34 +0100 (MET) > Subject: housing 16 tigers > To: applied-ethology > > This message demonstrates the need for decent winter quarters for circus > animals. I do not want to start here a discussion about the principle > of the use of exotic animals in circus. I am trying to help solving a > particular concrete acute problem. > > A trainer with 16 tigers will soon be expulsed from a small town between > Ghent and Antwerp (Belgium) because they are dwelling illegally in an old > factory. They have no decent facilities for training these animals. > They also should be able to house them in a cage while repairing the > trailers. It's a vicious circle: they cannot invest in an infrastructure > as long as they are not sure to be allowed to stay somewhere every winter. > > They are physically well kept, but for their welfare they should be > working every day instead of staying in the small trailers. > > No zoo nearby can take 16 tigers. > Does anybody with contacts in the circus world know about winter quarters > where they (tigers and trainer) could go (also outside Belgium!)? > > I am informed about this just the day before leaving for Xmas holidays. > So IF one of you is familiar with the circus world, and would know a place > where they could go, or about somebody who could help, please contact the > Lokeren city administration directly at the following numbers: > fax: +32-9-3409479 > tel: 11 > > Thanks for the tigers! > Frank Odberg > > > Prof.Dr. Frank O. Odberg > University of Ghent > Dpt. of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Production and Ethology > Heidestraat 19 > B-9820 Merelbeke > Belgium > tel: +32-(0)9-2647804 > fax: 7849 **************************************************************************** Dept. of Psychology Washington Singer Labs Room No: 016 University of Exeter Perry Road Exeter EX4 4QG, UK FAX +44 1392 264623 **************************************************************************** Dear Frank, As you may or may not know I have been inbvolved with circuses and their animals for some 7 years writing a book on my findings Animals in Circuses & Zoos, Chiron's World? Re your tiger problem, the circus people themselve know each other world wide, so they can surely arrange something if they will. However, if they have a tiger act, they will have an enclosure to use in the ring with a rope cover for the tigers, and this would be possible very easily and cheaply to make into a secure holding pen while they reconstruct what ever it is they need to do. It is also quite low cost and effective to use electric fences for circus animals in certain circumastances, and rope netting to movement between places, all of which can be low cost. The circus people all know this themselves, and they are master of invention and self-sustainability, so I imagien there is something more behind this discussion! I run a consultancey and help line on these matter for circus people, so if they have problems further or want some further contacts, ask them to get in touch direct . Happy Christmas, Marthe Kiley-Worthington From: IN%"w.schoo@noldus.nl" "Wineke Schoo" 24-DEC-1997 06:49:35.17 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Measuring Behavior '98 MEASURING BEHAVIOR '98 2nd International Conference on Methods and Techniques in Behavioral Research Groningen, The Netherlands 18-21 August 1998 SECOND ANNOUNCEMENT Following the success of Measuring Behavior '96, we are pleased to announce that the 2nd International Conference on Methods and Techniques in Behavioral Research will be held at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 18-21 August 1998. Conference host prof. dr. J.M. Koolhaas and his fellow members of the program committee have already begun to design an exciting scientific, technical and social program. CONFERENCE PROGRAM Measuring Behavior '98 will offer a variety of ways to gather and exchange information. The program will consist of oral papers, poster sessions, demonstrations, training sessions, user meetings, scientific tours, post-conference excursions, and a pleasant social program. All presentations will deal with innovative methods and techniques in behavioral research. Validation of a new technique is an acceptable subject for a paper or poster. However, papers discussing applications of proven techniques do not belong at Measuring Behavior '98. Presentations on physiological techniques are welcome, as long as there is a clear link with behavior. Contributions are welcome on the following topics: Behavioral Recording * Activity monitoring * Event recording, video coding and annotation * Locomotion and flight compensation * Radio tracking * Video tracking * Acoustical monitoring and analysis * Eye tracking * Automatic recognition of behavior patterns * Thermal imaging * Brain imaging Behavior and Physiology * Biotelemetry * Data loggers and transponders * In vivo microdialysis, biosensors Behavioral Analysis * Sequential analysis and pattern detection * Reliability analysis * Track analysis * Integrated analysis of behavior and physiology * Visualization techniques Behavioral Models * New behavioral paradigms and tests * Simulation of behavior INTEGRATION OF BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY Measuring Behavior '98 will devote special attention to the integration of advanced behavioral research with physiological measurements. With "integration" we refer to the measurement of behavioral characteristics combined with in vivo (non-invasive) recording of the dynamic changes in time of physiological parameters. Exciting new developments in both the behavioral and physiological sciences make such an integration feasible. The development of techniques and generic software tools can form a bridge between disciplines, which are often unaware of techniques already available in other fields. For example, data analysis methods stemming from ethology are now being used by applied psychologists, and path analysis techniques originally designed by entomologists are equally useful for behavioral pharmacologists studying rodents. Moreover, recent developments in radiotelemetry, brain imaging, chip technology and biosensor techniques originally used by physiologists are now being used for simultaneous recording of physiological processes and behavior. To this end, we hope that Measuring Behavior '98, just as in 1996, will serve as a common ground for crossfertilization of research disciplines. CONFERENCE SITE Measuring Behavior '98 will be held at the Center for Biological Sciences of the University of Groningen in Haren, The Netherlands. Groningen is one of the oldest university towns of the Netherlands. Featuring a historic city center with great outdoor terraces and located close to the Wadden Sea, one of Europe's most beautiful wetland nature areas, Groningen is an excellent venue for our conference. IMPORTANT DATES 1 April 1998 Deadline for submission of abstracts 1 June 1998 Notification of acceptance of abstracts 15 June 1998 Deadline for early registration (reduced fee) 18-21 August 1998 Measuring Behavior '98 conference MORE INFORMATION To receive the Preliminary Program with registration and abstract submission forms, please contact the conference secretariat at the address below. All information is also available on the conference web site, where you will be able to register electronically soon. We look forward to meeting you at Measuring Behavior '98 in August! PROGRAM COMMITTEE * Jaap Koolhaas, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands (chair) * Berry Spruijt, Animal Welfare Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands * Maria Boccia, Observational Methods Core, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA * William Bell, Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA * Bert Mulder, Institute for Experimental and Occupational Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands * Roger Bakeman, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA * Lucas Noldus, Noldus Information Technology b.v., Wageningen, The Netherlands. CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT Measuring Behavior '98 Attn: Rosan Nikkelen P.O. Box 268 6700 AG Wageningen The Netherlands Phone: +31-(0)317-497677 Fax: +31-(0)317-424496 E-mail: mb98@noldus.nl Web: http://www.noldus.com/events/mb98/mb98.htm MEASURING BEHAVIOR '96 The preceding workshop, Measuring Behavior '96, was a great success, with 153 participants from 25 countries. Dr. M.R. Kruk (University of Leiden, NL), who presented the closing lecture during the workshop, wrote a meeting report which was published in the May 1997 issue of Trends in Neurosciences (vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 187-189). His article, entitled "Measuring behaviour into the twenty-first century", places the workshop in the context of current thinking in the field of experimental behavioral research and is definitely worth reading. The proceedings of Measuring Behavior '96 can be accessed at http://www.noldus.com/events/mb96/mb96.htm. Yours sinecerly, Wineke Schoo Chair Local Organizing Committee From: IN%"UC2Pyrs@aol.com" "UC2Pyrs" 29-DEC-1997 01:04:08.53 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: A tragic Story 12/28/97 Hello, The following is a letter that I posted yesterday on the Labrador Retriever list. In hopes that this tragic story reaches more people, I am also posting it here. Feel free to distribute it anyway that you feel might help. There have been many new developments in the last 24 hours, and I will keep you updated. Thanks, Bob, Laurie & Nahanni Kalispell, MT canyon@digisys.net (Bob Muth) >Hello lab people, >I am not sure if I'll be able to finish this letter, but I need to try. I >have lost a lot of faith in human nature tonight. >My wife, Laurie, Nahanni my dog, and I just got home from skiing on an old logging road in >the mountains behind our farm. About 3:00 p.m. we were approaching Trail >Creek, about five miles up the mountain. Nahanni was alerting, and I >remarked to Laurie that there must be someone or an animal near. >We had seen a lot of lion tracks in the area, so I told Nahanni to stay >close. About two minutes later a black lab came running around the corner >of the trail barking frantically. We recognized her as one of the dogs >belonging to a neighbor who lived in a cabin about a half mile from our >farm. As we skied up to the dog, we heard Liz, our neighbor calling for help. Laurie, skied quickly to Liz while I got Nahanni on the leash. Liz was sobbing and cradling her other dog, Buddy, in her arms. His head was in the jaws of a lion trap. I felt sure he was dead, but Liz sobbed that his heart was still beating. I was able to compress the trap and get it off Buddy. Laurie stayed with Liz while I >raced back with Nahanni and got the four wheel drive. It took a long time, >and I was worried about Laurie and Liz out in the cold with the night >rapidly falling on the mountain, but they didn't want to leave Buddy. When >I finally got back to them, Liz was accepting that Buddy was dead. We >loaded Buddy, skis, packs, and that damn trap into the rig and headed down >the mountain. > >Laurie said they passed the time waiting for me with Liz retelling the >story of Buddy's life and all his antics. Liz didn't know how long she had >been with Buddy until we happened on them. She was blaming herself for >being too weak to open the jaws of the trap, but I think Buddy's neck must >have been broken from the initial springing of the trap. > >Liz is young, probably in her mid twenties, and her two dogs were her life. >She spent countless hours with them mountain biking, running, and skiing. >No dogs could have asked for a more loving and caring master. I can not >begin to explain in words how Laurie and I ache for her. We called a few >minutes ago, and her voice was a faint and distant whisper. > >I have been in contact with the Montana Fish and Game and they tell me that >the man (I use that term with severe reservations) had a legal right to >trap in the area. The Fish and Game seemed to be more worried about the >image the trapping fraternity would get from this, and asked me to let them >"handle the investigation and get back to me." Tomorrow I am going to the >newspapers. > >I have never been politically active in an issue because I thought I didn't >have the time. This incident and Liz's pain has galvanized my feelings >against the inhumanity of trapping. I would like to become involved in an >organized effort to stop this senseless practice. Does anyone know of such >an organization ? Could you e-mail me how to contact them? Terra is her black lab that met us on the trail. Buddy was part lab and ?? He was very sweet and loving. >Thanks, >Bob, Laurie & Nahanni canyon@digisys.net(Bob Muth) From: IN%"UC2Pyrs@aol.com" "UC2Pyrs" 29-DEC-1997 01:06:47.21 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: follow up on Buddy/trapping 12/28/97 >Hello Canine Friends, >Thanks for all the words and heartfelt care over this tragic incident. I >know they have helped Liz through her difficult time. You are a wonderful >community, and I am proud to be part of it. >Many of you have asked what you can do to help. I believe that in order >for Buddy's life not to be in vain, and other dogs (children & >unsuspecting adults) to be spared from this horror, now is the time for >action. Trapping regulations must be changed. Letters are a first step. >They must be timely, while Buddy's tragic death is still on people's mind. > >Below is a copy of the article in today's (Sunday, Dec. 28) local paper: >The Daily Inter Lake. >Following the article you will find several addresses where letters would >be helpful. I know, for us net folks, it is a pain to use snail mail, but >I think this is worth the effort. >Feel free to use the Inter Lake article and my original letter (man's >inhumanity to animals/Nahanni) describing in detail the incident. I will >paste another copy of this original letter at the bottom of this post in >case you missed it or deleted it. >Also feel free to distribute this post anywhere you think it might help to >get the story out. >The next step is to move on a national level because I don't think there >will be enough local pressure to affect legislation. >If there is anyone with expertise with getting national coverage and with >ideas for effecting a legislative change in trapping regulations, I would >sure like to hear from you. > >Thanks, >Bob, Laurie & Nahanni >TRAP KILLS DOG NEAR FOOTHILLS ROAD >---------------------------------- >by Ben Long >The Daily Inter Lake >------------------------------------ > > A winter ski along Peter's Ridge Road turned dreadful for Liz Feist on >Friday, when her dog was killed in a predator trap. > While there was nothing illegal about the trapline, some Foothills Road >neighbors are angry about the incident and at least one is calling for >tighter restrictions on trapping near recreational areas. > Feist had been skiing with her two dogs along that road. But one of >them, a Labrador mix, that weighed about 50 pounds stuck its head in a >trap set for predators. > "I heard the trap and then this horrible howling," she said. "He had >this steel trap around its neck. > "It was too strong. I struggled and struggled. It just felt like >forever...It wasn't a quick death. He suffered a lot." > Her neighbor, Bob Muth, happened across the scene. > "I've never seen anything as traumatic as this girl, trying to raise >the dog from the trap," Muth said. > The trap was designed to capture an animal by the head and had been >baited with chicken necks. > It was about five miles from the intersection with Foothills Road. > Muth posted a description of the incident on the internet and received >dozens of sympathetic replies, he said. > They included offers for a free pup from kennels outside Montana, he said. > Muth said he has skied and hiked in that area for 35 years without >similar problems. > The traps were not appropriate on the shoulder of a popular skiing >road, both he and Feist said. > "This is not 100 years ago," he said. "At the very least, there should >have been warning signs. I would never have taken my dogs there, had I >known about the traps." > Dan Vincent, regional supervisor for Montana Department of Fish, >Wildlife and Parks, said the road is on Forest Service land and public >forest is open for trapping. > The traps had tags identifying the owner. > "There was nothing illegal about the traps or the operation of the >traps, "Vincent said. > However, the department had gotten complaints about the trapline >earlier in the month. > A game warden talked to the trapper, suggesting he pull the traps to >avoid a conflict, but the traps were not moved, Vincent said. > "It really is an unfortunate situation." he said, adding that it is >indicative of a changing landscape, with a growing number of people using >public lands for recreation. > "We try to work with trappers, with a particular emphasis on ethics," >he said. "We try to reduce conflicts as much as we possibly can, but >sometimes it's unavoidable." >----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - >All letters to our local Newspapers need to be limited to 300 words and >include your real name, real address and a telephone number where you can >be reached to have your letter varified. >Address where letters would help (in order of potential, local impact): > >Kalispell Daily Inter Lake >727 E Idaho >Kalispell, MT 59901 > > >Missoulian >Box 8029 >Missoula, MT 59807 > >Hungry Horse News >926 Nucleus Av. >Columbia Falls, MT 59912 > >------------------------------------------------------ >Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks >490 N Meridian Rd >Kalispell, MT 59901 >Fax line (406) 257-0349 > >Encourage the Dept. to support change in trapping regulations since, as >evidenced by the above article, the trappers are not following the ethical >guidelines suggested by the Dept. From: IN%"UC2Pyrs@aol.com" "UC2Pyrs" 29-DEC-1997 01:11:53.15 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: More on trap that killed Buddy In a message dated 12/28/97 6:18:38 PM, canyon@digisys.net(Bob Muth) wrote: << I got a call from a neighbor moments ago that sheds a whole new perspective on this. Gino Fasano, the owner of the local Baskin-Robbins ice cream store, called after he read the article and told me that he & his wife were walking their yellow lab in the same area A WEEK ago when his dog was caught in one of this traper's traps. Fortunately, he was able to get the trap off immediately and save his dog; however, he said his wife hasn't slept since. The unbelievable part of this is that Fasano reported this to the Fish & Game Dept. and they came out and "investigated the incident." In other words, they were aware that a dog had been caught in one of the same traps that Buddy was killed in and they did NOTHING about it. The Bastards! They will, of course claim when I confront them tomorrow, that they had no authority to make the trapper remove his traps. But there was no law that said they had to remain silent when they knew that people were skiing in the area with their dogs. They could have saved Buddy's life. No wonder they asked me not to go to the press and "let them investigate this and get back to me." Thanks again , and please help me get this new information out. Bob, Laurie & Nahanni From: IN%"jmorrow@ansc.purdue.edu" "Julie Morrow-Tesch" 29-DEC-1997 14:51:02.11 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "'applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca'" CC: Subj: FW: Animal Behavior and Well-Being Position [Julie Morrow-Tesch] Some of you may be interested in this job announcement. Animal Behavior and Well-Being Position Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University POSITION: Assistant, Associate or Full Professor - Teaching and Extension RESPONSIBILITIES: A tenure-track position (50% teaching, 50% extension) is available in the Department of Animal Sciences at Purdue University with emphasis in Animal Behavior and Well-Being. A solid understanding of domestic animal behavior and management, current issues in animal welfare policy and laws with a state, national and international perspective is required. The ability to interface animal well-being research with the evolving animal management recommendations in conjunction with the USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit and School of Veterinary Medicine is essential. The incumbent will provide leadership for the newly formed Food Animal Productivity and Well-Being Center, teach courses in animal behavior, animal welfare and contemporary issues. Individual will be expected to establish an active relationship with other extension specialists, leaders in animal agriculture and others in providing information related to animal welfare and animal well-being issues. Opportunities will exist for participation in collaborative research and service on graduate committees. QUALIFICATIONS: Qualifications include a Ph.D. degree in animal sciences, animal behavior/well-being, or related area plus successful experience in teaching, extension, and research. Evidence of collaborative efforts and ability to secure extramural funding is preferred. Strong communication skills and ability to interact with students, media, government agencies, livestock industry, commodity groups and general public are essential. APPLICATION DEADLINE: Screening of applications will begin March 1, 1998, and continue until a suitable candidate is found. SALARY: Commensurate with qualifications. APPLICATION PROCEDURE: Please send a current curriculum vitae, a brief narrative summary outlining experience, goals, and qualifications for this position, and names, addresses and phone numbers of three persons who may be contacted for letters of recommendation, if requested by the Search Committee. SEND MATERIALS TO: Jeffrey D. Armstrong, Head Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University Lilly Hall 1151 West Lafayette, IN 47907-1151 For more information: phone 765-494-4808 Fax 765-494-9346 E-mail Jeff_Armstrong@ansc.purdue.edu Additional information regarding the Department of Animal Sciences and USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit can be accessed at www.ansc.purdue.edu and www.ansc.purdue.edu/USDA-LBRU/, respectively. Purdue University is an equal access/equal opportunity university _____________________________ Diane J. Patterson Administrative Assistant to Jeffrey D. Armstrong, Head Purdue University Department of Animal Sciences 1151 Lilly Hall West Lafayette IN 47907-1151 Ph 765-494-4806 Fax 765-494-9346 http://www.ansc.purdue.edu dpatters@ansc.purdue.edu From: IN%"abrereton@tinet.ie" "abrereton" 29-DEC-1997 17:30:57.64 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology" CC: Subj: new member For several years I have been engaged in a study of the factors that control daily herbage intake by milking cows in rotational grazing systems in temperate pasture. The work is a joint venture between Teagasc (The agriculture and food development authority, Ireland) and the zoology department at University College, Cork. I am the project leader, a botanist/ecologist dealing with instantaneous intake rate and the pasture aspects and Prof. P. Giller at the university is dealing with the diurnal behaviour patterns of the animal. Although I have just retired from Teagasc I will continue to supervise the work( 2 post-graduates - for Ph.D.) until it is completed in 1998. The field work has been completed and we are now attempting to draw up an interpretation of our findings. By joining your discussion group I hope we may benefit from your comments. Dr. A. J. Brereton 23 Richmond Hill, Cork, Ireland Phone +353 21 551866 From: IN%"uds-vete@salvador.edu.ar" "Dr. Leopoldo Estol" 29-DEC-1997 18:59:46.49 To: IN%"canyon@digisys.net" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: My empathy for your loss Dear Bob Muth, Laurie & Nahanni As veterinarian and animal welfare professor, I am against the steel leghold trap. This is not only an emotional but also an scientific position, supported by several Veterinary Associations around the world. You may see one article about this issue call "Apparel of Misery", by C. Buyukmihci, V.M.D., at the site of the Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights http://envirolink.org/arrs/avar/avar_www.htm . Unfortunately, only strong global action can banned this tool or put it under strictly regulation of the government. I suggest you: Talk and ask openly about this loss; this will engage you in an necessary emotional catharsis. Slow your lives down and take all the time you need to grieve. Talk with your vet. He/she surely will be there with help, support, and simple companionship. Visit some places in the WWW like The Lightning Strike Pet-Loss Support Page at www.netwalk.com/~copydoc/pet-loss.htm ; ) news:alt.support.grief.pet-loss newsgroup; the article written by Charlene Douglass at the site http://www.io.com/user/tittle/pets/pet-loss.html or write her to douglasc@wsuvm1.csc.wsu.edu; the Pet Loss article- Tomball College at the http://www.thevet.com/closspet.htm ; the Delta Society homepage at the http://www2.deltasociety.org/deltasociety/ and see the site for Pet Loss & Bereavement Bibliography; and the homepage for the Cornell Pet Loss Support Hotline. http://www.news.cornell.edu/general/May97/petloss.hrs.html The hotline is staffed by volunteer veterinary students. I guess you will find this page useful, informative and comforting. You may call them at the (607)253-3932 6:00-9:00 Eastern Standard Time Tuesday-Thursday. Visit also the Colorado State University site , and watch for the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Support for People and Pets Program, at the College for Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Co. and the University of California-Davis College of Veterinary Medicine at the http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ because they also have one hotline staffed by volunteer veterinary students. As an warm end, let me share this poem, about pet loss: On 14 Aug. 1997 01:53:02 GMT, dogs9@aol.com (Dogs 9) wrote: > Heaven's Doggy Door > > My best friend closed his eyes last night, > As his head was in my hand. > The Doctors said he was in pain, > And it was hard for him to stand. > > The thoughts that scurried through my head, > As I cradled him in my arms. > Were of his younger, puppy years, > And Oh...his many charms. > > Today, there was no gentle nudge > With an intense "I love you gaze", > Only a heart that's filled with tears > Remembering our joy filled days. > > But an Angel just appeared to me, > And he said, "You should cry no more, > GOD also loves our canine friends, > HE's installed a 'doggy door'!!! > > Jan Cooper '95 Profesor Leopoldo Estol, Medico Veterinario, Diplomado en Salud Publica. Director, Carrera de Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador. Campus " Nuestra Seniora del Pilar", C.C. 198, Pilar 1629, Provincia de Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA. Home phone (Internat. 00 54 1) 555 4580 / 552 1476 Office Fax. & Phone (Internat. 00 54 322) 31260 / 31261 / 31262 / 31263 / 90503 / 26053 / 26057 E-mail: uds-vete@salvador.edu.ar URL :http://salvador.edu.ar From: IN%"rstr6415@uriacc.uri.edu" 30-DEC-1997 17:28:45.93 To: IN%"KEVNTERRY@aol.com" "KEVNTERRY", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Behavior Book Hello Terry - I am a senior at the U. of Rhode Island in the Animal science program. I have just been introduced to a great book on small animal behavior entitled "Clinical Behavior Medicine for Small Animals" by Karen Overall, published by Mosby-Year Book Inc. The cost is $52.95 and can be ordered by calling 1-800-426-4545. This book was recommended to me by a veterinarian and has proved very helpful. Good luck. Ruth. At 02:30 PM 12/21/97 -0500, KEVNTERRY wrote: >Greetings! > >My name is Terry, I am a second year vet tech student looking >foreward to graduating with an Associate in Science degree in >May, 1998. I have been a subscriber to Applied Ethology for >some time and enjoy reading and learning from the discussions. >I am very intrigued by companion animal behavior >and human-animal interaction. At this point, my goal is to better >understand animal behavior and motivation so that I may provide >clients with knowledgeable answers to their questions and, hopefully, >improve the human-animal bond. >I am wondering if anyone can recommend a book (basic but not >rudimentary) that will suit my needs, perhaps a text geared toward >first-year ethology students?? >Also, any other vet techs out there who have studied behavior as >part of their vet tech schooling.......I am interested in what texts >were used and which areas were emphasized. >Many thanks for your help! > ~T~