From: IN%"Nuriozalp@nettaxi.com" "=?iso-8859-9?Q?Nuri_=D6zalp?=" 31-JAN-2002 14:42:40.84 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Externship opportunities This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --Boundary_(ID_5ogBJo06IEREOiv1IomMWg) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_H8yMN71ucqTf7nYgoSvJ0w)" --Boundary_(ID_H8yMN71ucqTf7nYgoSvJ0w) Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-9 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable =20 Dear Sirs and Madams, I am a 4th year student at Veterinary Medicine of = =DDstanbul University, Turkey. I want to perform my externship on = ethology for this summer. I especially would like to practice on wild = animals within their habitats. I would appreciate if anyone of you can help me about this = subject or direct me to someone who can help.=20 Yours truly,=20 PS: my cv is enclosed within this mail. --Boundary_(ID_H8yMN71ucqTf7nYgoSvJ0w) Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-9 Content-transfer-encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE =0D= =0A=0D=0A=0D=0A=0D=0A=0D=0A=0D=0A=0D=0A

=0D=0A

&n= bsp; = Dear Sirs and =0D=0AMadams,

=0D= =0A

=0D=0A

= I am a 4th year =0D=0Astudent at Veterinary Medicine of =DDsta= nbul University, Turkey. I want to perform =0D=0Amy externship on ethology for this s= ummer. I especially would like to practice =0D=0Aon wild animals with= in their habitats.

=0D=0A

= =0D=0A I woul= d appreciate if anyone of you can help me about =0D=0Athis subject or= direct me to someone who can help.

=0D=0A

Yours =0D= =0Atruly,

=0D=0A PS:= my cv is =0D=0Aenclosed within this mail.

=0D=0A=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00= =00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00 --Boundary_(ID_H8yMN71ucqTf7nYgoSvJ0w)-- --Boundary_(ID_5ogBJo06IEREOiv1IomMWg) Content-type: application/msword; name="nuri c.v. profesyonel.doc" Content-transfer-encoding: BASE64 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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA --Boundary_(ID_5ogBJo06IEREOiv1IomMWg)-- From: IN%"lu.do@hetnet.nl" 31-JAN-2002 16:50:23.29 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Measuring Behavior 2002: 2nd Announcement & Call for Abstracts MEASURING BEHAVIOR 2002 4th International Conference on Methods and Techniques in Behavioral Research Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 27-30 August 2002 http://www.noldus.com/events/mb2002 We are pleased to announce that the 4th International Conference on Methods and Techniques in Behavioral Research will be held at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 27-30 August 2002. Conference host Dr. Gerrit van der Veer and the fellow members of the scientific program committee are busy designing an exciting scientific, technical and social program. CALL FOR ABSTRACTS Please use the Abstract Submission Form on the conference web site to submit your abstract for an oral presentation, poster or demonstration. The deadline for abstract submission is 1 March 2002. The Abstract Submission Form can be accessed directly at http://www.noldus.com/events/mb2002/registration/index_sec.html. Contributions are welcome on the following topics: - Behavioral Recording - Automatic Data Acquisition Techniques - Brain Imaging and Behavior - Biotelemetry and Behavior - Behavior and Physiology - Acoustics, Speech, Language and Behavior - Behavioral Analysis - Test Paradigms for Behavior and Cognition Research - Teaching Behavior Research Methods - Other Related Topics More information about the program topics can be found on the web site. EXHIBITION AND SPONSORHIP Companies seeking exposure for their products or services in the area of behavioral research are also encouraged to take a look at the conference web site. Attractive exhibition and sponsorhip packages are available. See http://www.noldus.com/events/mb2002/exhibition/index.html for details. PUBLICATION OF CONFERENCE PAPERS A selection of presentations will be published as full articles in a special issue of Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation & Computers. If you are interested to submit a manuscript, please contact us at mb2002@noldus.nl. DEADLINES 1 March: Submission of abstract for oral papers, posters and demonstrations 1 March: Submission of proposals for SIGs, workshops and user meetings 15 May : Early registration (reduced fee) Details on presentation formats, deadlines, fees, Amsterdam, practical information, etc., can be found on the extensive conference web site: http://www.noldus.com/events/mb2002/index.html. We look forward to welcome you to Measuring Behavior 2002 and hope that you will find this event both scientifically rewarding and stimulating. Lucas P.J.J. Noldus, Ph.D. Scientific Program Committee Measuring Behavior 2002 P.O. Box 268 6700 AG Wageningen The Netherlands Phone: +31-317-497677 Fax: +31-317-424496 E-mail: l.noldus@noldus.nl Web: http://www.noldus.com/events/mb2002 From: IN%"rsilva@cpap.embrapa.br" "Roberto Aguilar M. S. Silva" 1-FEB-2002 10:12:54.48 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Virtual Global Conference on Organic Beef Cattle Production Dear Friend, My Research Centre is developing a Conference by Internet: 1st Virtual Global Conference on Organic Beef Cattle Production http://www.conferencia.uncnet.br/pantanal/organica.en.html You are Welcome, Sincerely, Roberto Roberto Aguilar Machado Santos Silva EMBRAPA-Agricultural Research Center for the Pantanal Rua 21 de Setembro, 1880 CEP:79320-900 Corumba, MS, Brazil From: IN%"rsilva@cpap.embrapa.br" "Roberto Aguilar M. S. Silva" 1-FEB-2002 10:20:34.17 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Bovines X ovines Dear Friends, could be bovines and ovine competitor by pasture when are in the same paddock? Sincerely, Roberto Roberto Aguilar Machado Santos Silva EMBRAPA-Agricultural Research Center for the Pantanal Rua 21 de Setembro, 1880 CEP:79320-900 Corumba, MS, Brazil From: IN%"FoodFarm@aol.com" 5-FEB-2002 03:00:19.28 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Cubicles/free stalls for cows I am writing a report on the advantages of more space for cows in free=20 stalls. For instance the commercial firm Artex claim there should be around= =20 10 feet lunging space for a cow in a stall - this means no horizontal bars a= t=20 the front, etc.=20 Could I ask if anyone can give me a contact/web regarding latest work on=20 cubicle/free stall sizes. (It seems to me that on many present farms these=20 are far too small).=20 Best regards and thanks, Norman=20 FoodFarm Communications =20 Norman Dunn=20 Von Sturmfeder Stra=DFe 61=20 67067 Ludwigshafen=20 Germany=20 Tel: +49 621 55 77 89=20 Mobile: +49 177 55 77 891=20 Fax: +49 621 55 11 82=20 Email: FoodFarm@aol.com=20 From: IN%"Nabil.Brandl@agrsci.dk" "Nabil Brandl" 5-FEB-2002 03:22:27.95 To: IN%"FoodFarm@aol.com" "'FoodFarm@aol.com'", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: SV: Cubicles/free stalls for cows Try This link http://www.agsci.ubc.ca/animalwelfare/projects/motion.html > -----Oprindelig meddelelse----- > Fra: FoodFarm@aol.com [SMTP:FoodFarm@aol.com] > Sendt: 5. februar 2002 10:00 > Til: applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca > Emne: Cubicles/free stalls for cows >=20 > I am writing a report on the advantages of more space for cows in = free > stalls. For instance the commercial firm Artex claim there should be > around 10 feet lunging space for a cow in a stall - this means no > horizontal bars at the front, etc.=20 > Could I ask if anyone can give me a contact/web regarding latest work = on > cubicle/free stall sizes. (It seems to me that on many present farms = these > are far too small).=20 > Best regards and thanks, Norman=20 >=20 > FoodFarm Communications =20 > Norman Dunn=20 > Von Sturmfeder Stra=DFe 61=20 > 67067 Ludwigshafen=20 > Germany=20 > Tel: +49 621 55 77 89=20 > Mobile: +49 177 55 77 891=20 > Fax: +49 621 55 11 82=20 > Email: FoodFarm@aol.com=20 >=20 >=20 From: IN%"rsilva@cpap.embrapa.br" "Roberto Aguilar M. S. Silva" 5-FEB-2002 04:04:51.62 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: 1st Virtual Global Conference on Organic Beef Cattle Production Dear Friends, My Research Centre is organizing 1st Virtual Global Conference on Organic Beef Cattle Production by Internet: http://www.conferencia.uncnet.br/pantanal/organica.en.html You are Welcome, Sincerely, Roberto Roberto Aguilar M. S. Silva Cattle Behaviour, Production and Health EMBRAPA-Agricultural Research Center for the Pantanal Rua 21 de Setembro, 1880 CEP:79320-900 Corumba, MS, Brazil From: IN%"mappleby@hsus.org" "Michael Appleby" 5-FEB-2002 09:30:06.17 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Ethology Applied (E-mail)", IN%"ISAEnet-l@usask.ca" "ISAE (E-mail)" CC: Subj: Post available Dear Colleagues We have another post available. Please direct enquiries to Nancy Allen of our Human Resources Department, whose contact details are listed, rather than to me. Animal Scientist / Director of Scientific Programs The Humane Society of the United States ( <>) seeks an Animal Scientist / Director of Scientific Programs for its Farm Animals & Sustainable Agriculture section. Reporting to the section Vice President, the Director will develop and disseminate information on farm animal welfare, including liaison with the academic community. Qualifications include a PhD in animal science or related field or extensive experience, and strong research and communication skills. Excellent benefits package and competitive salary. Applicants should submit a cover letter, curriculum vitae and contact details for 3 referees to The HSUS/HR, 700 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 (where the post will be based), FAX 301-548-7701, nallen@hsus.org <>, 301-548-7757. *EOE* Michael C. Appleby (Dr) Vice-President Farm Animals and Sustainable Agriculture The Humane Society of the United States 2100 L Street, NW Washington, DC 20037, USA Switchboard 1 202 452 1100 Direct 1 301 258 3111 Fax 1 301 258 3081 Email mappleby@hsus.org From: IN%"jeanpascal.guery@free.fr" "Jean-Pascal Guery" 6-FEB-2002 05:12:41.37 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "=?ISO-8859-1?Q?ML_=E9tho_appliqu=E9e?=" CC: Subj: Colobus guereza This message is in MIME format. --Boundary_(ID_U9fdTrdYLg06wWRnTsvLrQ) Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Dear list members, I'm currently working in a zoological garden. We'll receive soon a black and white Colobus guereza family (see attachment) and we've heard about their digestive specificities. We quite know about what they eat but maybe somebody know more about them, what they do not eat, what could kill them if they eat, how their stomach is constituted, and how it works ? There is to much informations we can't verify about them. I wish someone could informe us. 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--Boundary_(ID_DavIwFjlcX8NeLusl5Of+Q) Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Dear list members, I am currently researching canine social behaviours; in particular those exhibited during social interactions/encounters with both conspecifics and humans. I am looking to formulate an ethogram of such behaviours but at present have a limited number of references on the subject (see attached). I would greatly appreciate if anyone could suggest any studies or sources of information that may be of use to me. 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19:05:26.75 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "'Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca'" CC: Subj: Definitions for wild animals, farm animals, and pets Hello, We are currently working on an educational project for kindergarten and first grade children. We are looking for short (1-2 sentences) definitions of wild animals, farm animals, and pets that would be understandable by kids of that age and that would also be accurate. Any ideas or suggestions? Thank you for your help. Francois Martin, Ph.D. Associate Director of the Center for the Study of Animal Well-Being and Head of People-Pet Partnership College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Tel. 509 335.4569 Fax 509 335.6094 fmartin@vetmed.wsu.edu www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts-pppp/index.htm From: IN%"bevcee@earthlink.net" "Bev Caldwell" 7-FEB-2002 21:23:29.87 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Definition of cat I had some fun with this one. While I started out working on a serious, brief and easy definition, I ended up showing that our domestic feline friends are not so easy to describe in 1 or 2 short sentences. Enjoy. ~~Bev ************************************* Definition of domestic cat (felis catus): The most popular family pet in America, the domestic cat is a small, 4-legged usually cuddly animal that purrs, comes in many colors and patterns, with either short or long fur (usually), has two pointy ears (usually), round eyes (usually), whiskers (usually), a tail (usually), sharp claws and teeth to bite, and says, "meow" (variously). =^..^= )/ Exceptions: not all cats like to cuddle; hairless breeds like Sphynx and Peterbald are naked (no fur as adults) and other breeds variously have fur crimped and springy (American Wirehair) or soft, short, & naturally curly (Devon Rex) or heavy, long & shaggy (Maine Coon); the Scottish Fold's ears are folded forward and down and the American Curl's ears curl backward; several breeds have almond-shaped eyes; the Rex breeds' whiskers are unlike other cats in that they are sort of curly & crumpled up; "meows" can vary from barely audible whispers to loud yowls; Manx are tail less and the tail of the Japanese Bobtail is unique to each cat having one or more curves, angles, or kinks or any combination thereof. Hopefully, the children will learn that although cats may be born with more than the usual 4 toes on the back feet and 5 on the front (polydactyl), all *claws* are a NORMAL part of *every* cat and are to remain forever attached to the animal. From: IN%"jwillard@turbonet.com" "Janice Willard" 8-FEB-2002 13:15:07.81 To: IN%"fmartin@vetmed.wsu.edu" "Francois Martin" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: Definitions for wild animals, farm animals, and pets At 05:04 PM 2/7/02 -0800, you wrote: Hello Francios, Since this is a question of how children perceive animals and what definitions they would understand, I asked my children how they would describe wild animals, farm animals and pets (we have all 3 here at our home). Here is what my 8 year old daughter (with a bit of help from my 10 year old son who didn't want her to have the last word) came up with: (these are her words verbatim; I didn't edit for grammar) A wild animal is an animal that doesn't live in your house and doesn't belong to you and stays away from people. A farm animal is an animal that does belong to people and you take care of it. They don't live in your house and live in fields and barns and you get things from them like wool and meat and milk. A pet is an animal that's in your house and its very nice. You get love and warmth from pets and you get to socialize with them (the word "socialize" was supplied by my 10 year old and may be too advanced for a kindergartner. When I asked him, he allowed that the word "play" could be substituted here). You are allowed to have pets in town and farm animals you are not. Of course, there is always some blurring in definitions, because, although my horses don't live in my house, my husband always refers to them as large, expensive pets. :-) I was very interested that my children mentioned that wild animals stay away from humans while you can socialize with domestic animals. This is interesting that they made this observation because it mirrors what some researchers (like Raymond Coppinger in his recent book about dogs) have been hypothesizing as the origin of domestication, that is, that the animals who were selected for domestication were those individuals who were less afraid of humans and moved into the margins of human settlements. In other words, the primary selection pressure for domestication was loss of fear and tolerance of living close to humans. So I am fascinated that my children drew this conclusion based on their own observations. (Which follows my observation that the best way to engage and educate children is to simplify the vocabulary but never the concepts. They are far more perceptive and capable than we generally give them credit). Hope this helps. Janice Willard, DVM, MS Common Ground Moscow, ID, USA >>>> Hello, We are currently working on an educational project for kindergarten and first grade children. We are looking for short (1-2 sentences) definitions of wild animals, farm animals, and pets that would be understandable by kids of that age and that would also be accurate. Any ideas or suggestions? Thank you for your help. Francois Martin, Ph.D. Associate Director of the Center for the Study of Animal Well-Being and Head of People-Pet Partnership College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Tel. 509 335.4569 Fax 509 335.6094 fmartin@vetmed.wsu.edu www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts-pppp/index.htm <<<< From: IN%"haleyderek@hotmail.com" "Derek Haley" 8-FEB-2002 16:47:01.76 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: July 20-21 - ISAE North American Regional Meeting, Quebec City, Canada This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --Boundary_(ID_I5DREUvtDKgcowuAhFtYIw) Content-type: text/plain; format=flowed Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Dear All, FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT There will be an ISAE North American Regional Meeting in Quebec City, Canada, July 20-21, 2002. Of course, everyone is invited to attend!!! The first official announcement is attached to this message (in Microsoft Word format). More details will be included in an upcoming notice. If for some reason you have problems accessing the attached document please reply by e-mail to (or to this message) and we can make other arrangements. The deadline for submitting abstracts is May 3, 2002. Derek Haley ISAE Regional Secretary (Canada) _________________________________________________________________ Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: http://messenger.msn.com --Boundary_(ID_I5DREUvtDKgcowuAhFtYIw) Content-type: application/msword; name=FirstNoticeNA-ISAE2002.doc Content-transfer-encoding: BASE64 Content-disposition: attachment; filename=FirstNoticeNA-ISAE2002.doc 0M8R4KGxGuEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgADAP7/CQAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAA UAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAUgAAAAEAAAD+////AAAAAE8AAAD///////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARwAAAAAQAAAAAAAA AQBDAG8AbQBwAE8AYgBqAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABIAAgECAAAABwAAAP////8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAagAAAAAAAABPAGIAagBlAGMAdABQAG8A bwBsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA FgABAP///////////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBLG+uwwQEAMEsb 67DBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAD+//////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// AQD+/wMKAAD/////BgkCAAAAAADAAAAAAAAARhgAAABNaWNyb3NvZnQgV29yZCBE b2N1bWVudAAKAAAATVNXb3JkRG9jABAAAABXb3JkLkRvY3VtZW50LjgA9DmycQAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA= --Boundary_(ID_I5DREUvtDKgcowuAhFtYIw)-- From: IN%"Heath@vetethol.demon.co.uk" "Sarah Heath" 9-FEB-2002 09:52:53.86 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"fmartin@vetmed.wsu.edu" "Francois Martin", IN%"jwillard@turbonet.com" "Janice Willard" CC: Subj: RE: Definitions for wild animals, farm animals, and pets The perceptions of children are very interesting and it is good to look at how they see the world from time to time. When I asked my 9 year old son he came up with the following definitions A wild animal is an animal who is not dependent on humans for food or warmth. They can live alone or in groups. They can be carnivores, herbivores or omnivores. A farm animal is an animal who can be slaughtered for food or can provide necessary ingredients for food while it is still alive. For example a pig is a farm animal which can be slaughtered for pork for sausages or chops. A pet is an animal who is dependent on humans to give it food or warmth such as a dog or a cat. These animals are usually treated as part of the family. Hope this help in your project Francois!! Best wishes Sarah -----Original Message----- From: Janice Willard [mailto:jwillard@turbonet.com] Sent: 08 February 2002 19:10 To: Francois Martin Cc: Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca Subject: Re: Definitions for wild animals, farm animals, and pets At 05:04 PM 2/7/02 -0800, you wrote: Hello Francios, Since this is a question of how children perceive animals and what definitions they would understand, I asked my children how they would describe wild animals, farm animals and pets (we have all 3 here at our home). Here is what my 8 year old daughter (with a bit of help from my 10 year old son who didn't want her to have the last word) came up with: (these are her words verbatim; I didn't edit for grammar) A wild animal is an animal that doesn't live in your house and doesn't belong to you and stays away from people. A farm animal is an animal that does belong to people and you take care of it. They don't live in your house and live in fields and barns and you get things from them like wool and meat and milk. A pet is an animal that's in your house and its very nice. You get love and warmth from pets and you get to socialize with them (the word "socialize" was supplied by my 10 year old and may be too advanced for a kindergartner. When I asked him, he allowed that the word "play" could be substituted here). You are allowed to have pets in town and farm animals you are not. Of course, there is always some blurring in definitions, because, although my horses don't live in my house, my husband always refers to them as large, expensive pets. :-) I was very interested that my children mentioned that wild animals stay away from humans while you can socialize with domestic animals. This is interesting that they made this observation because it mirrors what some researchers (like Raymond Coppinger in his recent book about dogs) have been hypothesizing as the origin of domestication, that is, that the animals who were selected for domestication were those individuals who were less afraid of humans and moved into the margins of human settlements. In other words, the primary selection pressure for domestication was loss of fear and tolerance of living close to humans. So I am fascinated that my children drew this conclusion based on their own observations. (Which follows my observation that the best way to engage and educate children is to simplify the vocabulary but never the concepts. They are far more perceptive and capable than we generally give them credit). Hope this helps. Janice Willard, DVM, MS Common Ground Moscow, ID, USA >>>> Hello, We are currently working on an educational project for kindergarten and first grade children. We are looking for short (1-2 sentences) definitions of wild animals, farm animals, and pets that would be understandable by kids of that age and that would also be accurate. Any ideas or suggestions? Thank you for your help. Francois Martin, Ph.D. Associate Director of the Center for the Study of Animal Well-Being and Head of People-Pet Partnership College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Tel. 509 335.4569 Fax 509 335.6094 fmartin@vetmed.wsu.edu www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts-pppp/index.htm <<<< From: IN%"slvnhld@ix.netcom.com" "OBi" 10-FEB-2002 13:06:58.73 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Welcome to APPLIED-ETHOLOGY Greetings all, I have been a dog trainer and behavior student (independent) for 20+ years in the areas of obedience (companion and competitive), conformation, agility, service dogs, drug detection, and my personal avocation, herding. Along the way I have done my share of consults on behavior problems as well. I am presently looking for scientific research done on thigmatosis (oppositional reflex) and what is known in the herding world as "pressure" (spatial proximity, focus and "eye") - sorry, I don't know the correct ethological word for this, or if there is one. In particular I am seeking information on responses/reactions in canines to the above, but information on research with any species would help. Finding myself in the position of now being semi-retired, I am contemplating pursuing post-graduate work in the study of the above and it's relevance in the human-canine relationship but have, as yet, to find a sympathetic university system or "mentor" that would intellectually support such research. Any leads to institutions where such research is being done or would be supported would also be appreciated. Working my way thru the archives I find that this group represents a wealth of information. My thanks to all who have participated over the years - I am greatly enjoying reading your thoughts. Ann "OBi" Fox From: IN%"joseph.stookey@usask.ca" 11-FEB-2002 16:58:03.50 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "applied ethology list" CC: Subj: Horse Imprinting Hi, Xavier Boivin has tried to send a message to the entire group and has had difficulty getting it accepted by the server. If this ever happens to anyone, please feel free to contact me and I can forward it to the group. The reasons for difficulties usually are related to having subscribed to the net with one e-mail address that is recognized by the server, but sending a message by another address that is not recognized. Anyway, Xavier has further comments in regards to horse imprinting and Robert Miller's technique. Xavier felt compelled to comment about a letter written by Robert Miller in the Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. If you take the time to read the letter by Robert Miller you can see he is rather upset with our discussions (applied ethology discussions) about foal imprinting on the net. I think Xavier raises some good points that hopefully will also find there way back to Dr. Miller. Below are Xavier's comments. Enjoy, Joe ======================================== Dear all, I recently read a paper from Robert Miller untitled "Fallacious studies of foal imprint training" (J. Equin. Vet. Sci., 2001, 21, 3, 102-105). An interesting discussion on this topic took place in September on the ISAE network. Most of the scientific published studies on this topic effectively failed to obtain a significant effect or found little effects. Robert Miller then put critics on such experiments (without any scientific studies cited) in the paper mentioned above and I would just react and ask you what you feel about it. I have no interest to critic his method. I want just to understand better how the Human-animal relationship is built. The main point preceding the critics he made was : "Done correctly, imprint training is 100% effective". The first critic he made was about the control group in these studies. Such group is maybe not a true control group as it has already been handled in the rearing system and then maybe already imprinted. He suggests the use of entirely unhandled foals as a control group. I'm not sure that it is so important. If the usual minimal practices around birth are sufficiently able to positively imprint the animals and reduce the difference between control group and treated group, then the interest of Millers' method should be strongly reduced. However if many people are interested to improve their animal's behaviour, probably this means in my mind that usual practices are not enough efficient. Nevertheless, I agree that in the scientific literature the usual sentence "the minimum level of contact necessary for husbandry was given to the animals" is today insufficient for the reader. More details about husbandry practices need to be given in a scientific paper as a strong variability exists among farms. The second critic is that experimenters are not hands-on experienced horsemen to perform the contact. This is the main point I want to discuss (see below) The third critic is that people are afraid of destroying the bond between the mare and the foal. Such emotional state could biased the result. I agree about this critic if it exists. The fourth one is about the reduced samples used in experiments with horses by contrast to Millers' own experience with thousands of animals. I agree totally with him that often a very little number of animals with several breeds were used (because of the cost of an experiment and of the number of animals available) which does not help to detect a significant effect. However if the phenomenon of imprinting is so important and 100% of success are obtained, I would think than that even with a very reduced number of animals, it should be easily possible to demonstrate it . I would now come back on the second critic (the skilled experimenter) . When I thought about the discrepancy between scientific studies and the popularity of Milers' method, I raised in my mind the following points. If scientists are not able to get significant results, maybe 1) such imprinting effect does not exist and can not be reproduced in rigorous experimental conditions. 2) such effect exists but a variability exists that does not allow to succeed in any conditions. by contrast to R. Miller who said 100% of success. 3)maybe as it is suggested by R. Miller, scientists did not perform it correctly, because only very skilled people can do it and then such method is too technical for every body. Since the beginning, I feel that scientists who want to work on this imprinting phenomenon does not need necessarily to refer to the Miller's methods. They have to investigate the effect of some treatments in early age or later. If they want to work on the Miller's method, they should work with him. Otherwise it is clear that always something wrong will be done that could explain differences between scientists results and Miller's conclusions. However is there any scientists who worked with these very skilled persons in horse riding (as R. Miller, Monty Roberts, Patt Parelli...) . If no one works with them, is it because such persons do not want to do it? I can easily imagine that they do not have interest to work with scientists as they earn a lot of money with books, movies, training and conferences. I would answer to R. Miller that rather than speaking about fallacious studies about imprinting, he should propose to discuss constructively with our community. I am sure that very honest and skilled scientists would be pleased to work with him, not to try to demonstrate that he is wrong but to fulfil our common motivation which is to better understand animal's behaviour and improve the Human-animal relationship. If scientist have been contacted and have not accepted such demand from his part, I could only strongly suggest others to do it. Finally, a last thought about sensitive periods in farm animal's behaviour As Bateson (who worked a lot on this concept of sensitive period) said: successful experiments about sensitive periods of contact are very hard to reproduce. Many factors can affect the results and what has happened to the animals before, during and after the suspected sensitive period of contact are also important to take into account. I feel that many scientists with farm animals concentrated their research only to determine the time of the sensitive period. However I do not believe that some few days of contact are sufficient to keep a positive human-animal relationship through all life. First people need to define more strictly what they understand by positive human-animal relationship. Secondly such days of contact are probably important but what is happening after the period of contact is also essential. Unfortunately it is much more convenient to dream to establish quickly a positive human-animal relationship without having to work for it afterward. it is also much more simple to build a model on such phenomenon than on the complex development of the relationship between human and animals based on all their interactions. Sorry to have been so long. Kind regards, Xavier Xavier Boivin URH-ACS, INRA de Theix, 63122 St-Gen�s Champanelle, France e-mail xavier@clermont.inra.fr Tel (33) 04-73-62-47-02 fax (33) 04-73-62-41-18 From: IN%"ulrika.lindstrom@mbox301.swipnet.se" "=?iso-8859-1?Q?Ulrika_Lindstr=F6m?=" 12-FEB-2002 02:19:40.35 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "applied ethology list" CC: Subj: Mechanical devises in horse training I followed the recent discussion on removing whiskers in horses with interest. This is not common practise in Sweden (yet)but is coming more and more when showing horses. However a clinic last year by a Dutch trainer lead to some upset reactions. Not only removing whiskers was demonstrated. The part that lead to the upset was not basically this but the demonstration of a training method said to be "common when preparing horses for breeding judgement" and "common practise in dressage and jumping". The horse was not only lunged in one pair of mechanical devise, actually three of them were used at once: chambon, side reins and the so called pessoa longe. This in combination with weights on all four legs and bands with metall rings around the coronets on the fore feet to make the horse lift the legs higher. As I saw the method in use i thought it looked like a very unconfortable and unnatural working position for a horse, with the neck heavily bent down, the head very low, the nose tucked in and bellow the level of the belly. I would like to ask: - How common is this kind of method in horse training like training for breeding judgement, dressage or jumping competition? - What is the purpose of the method: exactly what is the benefit one wants to achieve? -if there is any reseach into the benefits of this kind of methods or into the possible disadvantages and risks to damage the horse physically or mentally? Ulrika Lindstrom Large and Small Animal Veterinarian, Vaderstad, Sweden From: IN%"Andreas.Briese@tiho-hannover.de" "Andreas Briese" 12-FEB-2002 03:59:59.28 To: IN%"M.Schilder@las.vet.uu.nl" "Matthijs Schilder" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: removing from whiskers in horses Hi Matthijs, hi everybody on list, in germany we've had a discussion on this issue two years back. Many horses in western discipline got their whiskers cut. a state veterinarian brought this at court and it turned out to be against german animal welfare law. Whiskers anatomie show that they (not like normal hair) are part of the sensory system, also if their function in horses is not fully understood at the moment. German AW-Law Article 6 says (1) The amputation of all or part of parts of the body or the removal or destruction of all or parts of organs or tissues of a vertebrate shall be prohibited. This includes any operation or manipulation which leeds to "functio laesa". Also if exclusions from law are possible, they have to met some reasonable arguments. To provide "nice looking horses" will not be reasonable. therefore this manipulation is against law. To the german speaking community an expertise on this issue may be availlable from: Tier=E4rztliche Vereinigung f=FCr Tierschutz e.V. Gesch=E4ftsstelle Silke Pahlitzsch, Bramscher Allee 5, 49565 Bramsche (www.tierschutz-tvt.de) : (1999/2000) Pferde, Clippen bei Pferden (61) greetings andreas Date sent: Thu, 10 Jan 2002 11:59:23 +0100 From: Matthijs Schilder Subject: removing from whiskers in horses To: applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca > Dear people, > > A question was addressed to me, which I could not answer properly. > This question concerns the folowing: in Holland it is common to remove t= he > whiskers around the mouth of a horse when this horse is brought up for a= n > exam. Does anyone know about the possible detrimental effects of such an= > action? Litterature learns me only that the whiskers function as a tacti= le > sense (possibly also electrical sense?) but nowhere I could find somethi= ng > on the effects of removal of these sensory hairs. > If anyone knows more please let me know. > > Thanks in advance > > Matthijs Schilder > dr M.B.H. Schilder > Utrecht University > WCDM > Yalelaan 17 > 3584CZ Utrecht, the Netherlands > tel +31 30 2534784 > fax +31 30 2539227 > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Institut fuer Tierhygiene, Tierschutz & Nutztierethologie Tieraerztliche Hochschule Hannover (Institute of Animal Hygiene, Welfare and Farm Animal Ethologie) (School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover) Dr. med. vet. Andreas Briese Buenteweg 17p 30559 Hannover Tel.: (0511) 953-8837 (0511) 120 2102 Fax.: (0511) 953-8588 (0511) 120 99 2102 e-mail: Andreas.Briese@tiho-hannover.de alternativ (grosse Attachments): Andreas_Briese@animcare-sci.de ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From: IN%"whfeep@equine-behavior.com" "WHFEEP" 12-FEB-2002 04:40:51.22 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: removing from whiskers in horses Andreas Briese quoted the following: German AW-Law Article 6 says (1) The amputation of all or part of parts of the body or the removal or destruction of all or parts of organs or tissues of a vertebrate shall be prohibited. It seems to me that this law would also prohibit castration, unless there is some specific provision that allows this. I would be interested to hear if this is indeed the case - or if it is not what "reasonable argument" is offered in defence of the practice. Regards to all Andy Beck White Horse Farm Equine Ethology project Northland Aotearoa - New Zealand http://www.equine-behavior.com From: IN%"Andreas.Briese@tiho-hannover.de" "Andreas Briese" 12-FEB-2002 05:05:21.62 To: IN%"whfeep@equine-behavior.com" "WHFEEP" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: removing from whiskers in horses Hi there, there is some discussion about castration and other manipulation in animals (tail-docking, beak-trimming, measures against flying off in birds etc.) meating the requirements of german law. Castration referes to Art. 6. No. 5. But many vets question if castration realy is nessary to a further use or keeping of the animal. Changes of behaivioural and endocrine parameters after castration for the animal concerned and others animals in case of sozial species are severe. Thus the vet should apply castration only after looking at the alternatives. Andreas You might find a NON OFFICIAL version (pdf) here: http://www.tiho-hannover.de/einricht/tsb/act_transl.pdf The text of article 5 and 6 in this NOT OFFICIAL translation follows: Publication of the Revision of the Animal Welfare Act of 25 May 1998 Section IV Operations on animals Article 5 (1) Painful operations may not be carried out on vertebrates without anaesthetic. In the case of warm-blooded vertebrates as well as amphibians and reptiles, the anaesthetic shall be administered by a veterinarian. Whenever evidence can be furnished that there is good reason to do so, the competent authority may grant exemptions from the second sentence if the anaesthetic is administered in cartridge form. If anaesthetization is unnecessary under paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 (1), all possibilities shall be exhausted to reduce the pain and suffering of animals. (2) No anaesthetization shall be required if: 1. no anaesthetic is usually administered for comparable operations on human beings or the pain caused by the operation is less than the impairment of the animal=92s well-being caused by anaesthetization; 2. in the opinion of the veterinarian, it does not seem possible to administer anaesthetic in the specific case in point. (3) In addition, no anaesthetization shall be required for: 1. the castration of male cattle, pigs, sheep and goats under four weeks of age provided their anatomy shows no signs of deviation from normal; 2. the removal of horns or prevention of horn growth in cattle under six weeks of age; 3. the docking of tails of piglets under four days old or lambs under eight days old; 4. the docking of tails of lambs under eight days old using elastic rings; 5. the grinding down of corner teeth of piglets if this is indispensable for the protection of the dam and the litter-mates; 6. the separation of the claw-bearing last toe of broiler chicks to be used as breeding cockerel chicks on the first day of their life; 7. the identification of pigs, sheep, goats and rabbits by ear tattooing, for the identification of other mammals during the first two weeks of life by ear and thigh tattooing as well as the identification of farm animals, including horses, by eartags, wing tags, injected microchips, except for poultry, by slap marks in the case of pigs and the branding of horses=92 thighs. (4) The Federal Ministry shall be empowered with the consent of the Bundesrat to issue ordinances 1. in addition to paragraph 3 to exempt further measures from the anaesthetization obligation if this is in line with Article 1; 2. to prescribe, authorize or prohibit procedures and methods for implementing the measures listed in paragraph 3 as well as pursuant to an ordinance under (1) to prescribe, authorize or prohibit specific measures, to the extent that this is necessary for animal welfare. Article 6 (1) The amputation of all or part of parts of the body or the removal or destruction of all or parts of organs or tissues of a vertebrate shall be prohibited. This prohibition shall not apply if: 1. the operation in the specific case a) is necessary according to veterinary indication or b) is essential in the case of hounds for the intended use of the animals and there are no objections by the veterinarian; 2. the case falls under Article 5, paragraph 3 (1) or (7); 3. the case falls under Article 5, paragraph 3 (2) to (6) and the operation in the individual case is essential for the intended use of the animal with respect to its protection or the protection of other animals; 4. removal of all or part of organs or tissues is required for transplantation purposes or to establish cultures or to examine individual organs, tissues or cells; 5. a sterilization is performed to prevent the uncontrolled reproduction of the animal or - if there are no objections on the part of the veterinarian - for the further use or keeping of the animal. The operations referred to in the second sentence (1) and (5) shall be performed by a veterinarian. The operations referred to in the second sentence, (2) and (3) as well as paragraph 3 may be carried out by other persons with the requisite expertise and skills. For the operations referred to in the second sentence (4), Articles 8b, 9, paragraph 1, sentences 1, 3 and 4, paragraph 2, except for the third sentence (6), paragraph 3, first sentence as well as Article 9a shall apply mutatis mutandis. The operations shall be notified to the competent authority two weeks at the latest before the operation begins. This time limit need not be observed if the operation must immediately be performed in emergencies. The notification shall then be sent immediately afterwards. The competent authority may extend the time limit referred to in the fifth sentence up to four weeks, if required. The notification shall indicate: 1. the purpose of the operation; 2. species and number of the animals intended for the operation; 3. the type of operation, and procedure to be used, including anaesthetization; 4. place, beginning and likely duration of the operation; 5. name, address and expertise of the responsible head of the project, his deputy and of the person carrying out the project as well as the eligible persons for after-treatment; 6. the reasons for the operation. (2) The use of elastic rings for amputation or castration shall be prohibited. This shall not apply in the case referred to in Article 5, paragraph 3 (4) or in Article 6, paragraph 3 (2). (3) By way of derogation from paragraph 1, first sentence, the competent authority may authorize 1. the clipping of the beak point of poultry; 2. the docking of the fibrous tag of male calves under three months of age by means of elastic rings. The authorization may only be granted if it can be substantiated that the operation is essential for the intended use in view of animal welfare. The authorization shall apply for a fixed period and shall contain in the case of (1) provisions regarding the type, scope and time of the operation and the person performing the operation. (4) The Federal Ministry shall be empowered, with the consent of the Bundesrat to issue ordinances prescribing the permanent identification of animals on which not clearly visible operations have been performed if this is required for animal welfare. (5) In the case referred to in paragraph 1, second sentence (3) it shall be substantiated to the competent authority upon request that the operation is essential for the intended use. Date sent: Tue, 12 Feb 2002 23:32:33 +1300 From: WHFEEP Subject: Re: removing from whiskers in horses To: applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca Send reply to: WHFEEP Organization: White Horse Farm Equine Ethology Project > Andreas Briese quoted the following: > > German AW-Law Article 6 says > (1) The amputation of all or part of parts of the body or the > removal or destruction of all or > parts of organs or tissues of a vertebrate shall be prohibited. > > It seems to me that this law would also prohibit castration, unless there is > some specific provision that allows this. I would be interested to hear if > this is indeed the case - or if it is not what "reasonable argument" is > offered in defence of the practice. > > Regards to all > > Andy Beck From: IN%"jwillard@turbonet.com" "Janice Willard" 12-FEB-2002 14:30:06.60 To: IN%"Andreas.Briese@tiho-hannover.de" "Andreas Briese" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: removing from whiskers in horses At 12:04 PM 2/12/02 +0100, you wrote: >Hi there, > >there is some discussion about castration and other manipulation >in animals (tail-docking, beak-trimming, measures against flying off >in birds etc.) meating the requirements of german law. Castration >referes to Art. 6. No. 5. But many vets question if castration realy >is nessary to a further use or keeping of the animal. Changes of >behaivioural and endocrine parameters after castration for the >animal concerned and others animals in case of sozial species are >severe. Thus the vet should apply castration only after looking at >the alternatives. > >Andreas I was very interested in your comments about castration. I was educated to believe that it was really necessary to castrate horses in order to have animals that can be worked and easily housed. However, recently I have met a man who runs a rehabilitation farm. He receives horses who have been neglected or abused (often removed by state agencies) and rehabilitates them. He also has a small herd of Arabs which he drives and rides competition endurance. He saves his mares for breeding and does all his performance work with stallions. My understanding was that stallions couldn't be together or they would fight, but he brings his to our driving events all in the same trailer and harnesses them together to pull sleighs. When I saw that he tied all 3 stallions side by side while he went off to eat lunch, with no concerns for their behavior, I realized that my understanding was wrong and I arranged to go and visit his farm. At his farm, about a dozen stallions are housed together in the same pen. Some of them are his Arabs but others are horses who have been brought to him because of poor living conditions. So some are raised this way and some are introduced to it. The mare and foal herd is kept close by (about 20 feet away). And while there are some bite scars on stallions in the herd, on no occasion that I have observed them, have I seen fighting. What I have seen is relaxed horses out grazing together. He keeps them together during the breeding season as well. When he wants to breed a stallion, he gets it out from the stallion herd, takes it up to the barn and breeds a mare and returns it to the stallion herd. One afternoon, I watched him breed 3 different stallions (one at a time) and I watched the stallion herd as the stallion who had just bred a mare was returned to the herd. There was some snorting and prancing, but that was the extent of it. It is my belief that he has created a bachelor herd, which is what stallions do in the wild. And while I have no numerical evidence (although I would like to get some), it is my impression that these stallions are more relaxed and emotionally stable than a majority of stallions I have seen individually housed at breeding farms. In fact, he takes some of these stallions to endurance competitions with children as young as 10 years old riding them. Andreas, a year ago, I would have read your statements above about looking for alternatives to castration and just shook my head in disbelief. Now I have something else to think about. (P.S., this guy relies on private donations to maintain his rehabilitation farm. If anyone is interested in donating, you are welcome to contact me privately). Janice Willard, DVM, MS Common Ground Moscow, ID USA From: IN%"johnwade@ethological.com" "Ethological Communication" 12-FEB-2002 14:47:45.69 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology Mailing List" CC: Subj: Castration I was very interested in your comments about castration. . . . I have something else to think about. I've often said that if castration was the panacea it is so often made out to be for so many behavioural ills that I would have to in good conscience consider it for myself, and indeed a good portion of the planet's male population. I will of course wait for its proponents in the animal care industry to take the lead and see how it improves their moods. Regards, John "Legs tightly crossed" Wade From: IN%"Lesley.King@linacre.oxford.ac.uk" "Lesley Anne King" 12-FEB-2002 14:57:48.99 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "'applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca'" CC: Subj: Russell and Burch award: call for nominations The Humane Society of the United States Solicits Nominations for the 2002 Russell and Burch Award The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) presents the Russell and Burch Award to scientists who have made outstanding contributions toward the advancement of alternative methods in the areas of biomedical research, testing, or higher education. Alternative methods are those that can replace or reduce the use of animals in specific procedures, or refine procedures so that animals experience less pain or suffering. The award, which carries a $5,000 prize, is named in honor of William M. Russell and Rex L. Burch, the scientists who formulated the Three Rs approach of replacement, reduction, and refinement. Prior to 1999, The HSUS presented the award on an annual basis. It is now bestowed every three years at the triennial World Congresses on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. The next World Congress will be held August 2002 in New Orleans, Louisiana. For more information, go to: www.worldcongress.net The Russell and Burch Award is a means of recognizing the important role that scientists themselves can and do play in advancing the cause of animal protection in laboratories. Candidates for the award are judged on the scientific merit of their contribution to the alternatives field and on their professional commitment to this field. Applicants should have a history of laboratory work that is above reproach on humane grounds. Send nominations by May 15, 2002 to: Russell & Burch Award, Animal Research Issues Section, The HSUS, 2100 L street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA (tel.: 301-258-3041, fax: 301-258-7760, e-mail: ari@hsus.org). No special forms are necessary. Persons nominating themselves should submit a cover letter explaining their suitability for the award (see preceding paragraph), a curriculum vita, and representative published articles. Persons nominating others should submit a letter explaining the nominee's suitability for the award and arrange to have supporting documents forwarded. Winners are selected with the aid of an advisory panel. Past winners of the Russell and Burch Award are Alan Goldberg, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University (1991); Charles Branch, Ph.D., Auburn University (1992); Coenraad Hendriksen, Ph.D., D.V.M., Dutch National Institute of Health and Environmental Protection (1993); Michael Balls, D.Phil., European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (1994); Robert Van Buskirk, Ph.D., State University of New York at Binghamton (1995); Andrew Rowan, D. Phil., Tufts University (1996); Horst Spielmann, Prof. Dr. med, the German National Center for the Documentation and Evaluation of Alternatives to Animal Testing (1997); William Stokes, D.V.M., National Institute of Environmental Health Science and Neil Wilcox, D.V.M., M.P.H., U.S. Food and Drug Administration (1998); and Katherine Stitzel, DVM, Procter & Gamble (1999). From: IN%"whfeep@equine-behavior.com" "WHFEEP" 12-FEB-2002 21:55:50.19 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: castration As Janice Willard states from direct observation stallions are not the difficult dangerous creatures they are often portrayed as. I too have worked three stallions together 15 years ago and had no problems - and this in a trekking center often catering for absolute beginners. We currently have 7 young stallions in a bachelor group here (6 four year olds and a five year old) and they are a delight to work with, polite, well mannered, very quick learners, and with a strong natural cooperative attitude. All were raised in either of the two 'harem' research groups here, to which I attribute their good behavior. If we were to remove boy children from their families at whatever the human equivalent of the 5 month weaning period so often used in horse production might be, and then either run them together as a bunch without adult influence, or perhaps worse yet keep them in solitary confinement, would anyone really be surprised if what we ended up with was a bunch of little savages - devoid of manners or culture? We only have to look at the the weight of evidence that tells us that boy children from single parent families are more likely to fail in learning environments, have problems with society, and are more likely to have self control problems also. Research evidence supports the contention that the same is true of horses. What differs is that the common 'fix' applied to colts or stallions as a result of this poor behavior is castration. There is however no logic to support the idea that castration will somehow put right what mis-management and social/familial deprivation has produced. The aggressive stallions that have to be handled with all kinds of special equipment and protective clothing are made so by being treated in a totally inhumane manner - deprived of all normal social contact and kept in a type of isolation that we reserve only for the worst human criminals. Even when allowed sexual expression they are denied courtship behavior. There is no defense for this type of management except that the equine industry finds it the most convenient way of making money - ethically the practice is redundant. Studies have now shown that the outcome of castration is far from certain or uniform - varying from asexual in behavior through to geldings that display stallion like dominance, are able to maintain an erection, and even to serve mares.(though of course without issue) An unruly colt does not automatically or reliably turn into a polite gelding by virtue of an intrusive operation that leaves it in quite severe discomfort, presents a massive shock to it's system, and which it has no ability to understand - why should it? Given that castration is not reliable as a method of behavioral modification and that other forms of reproductive control (eg via injection etc) are available it would seem to me that the ethics of this practice are now highly questionable. There may indeed be no sadder sight in life than a beautiful theory mugged by a gang of facts. In this case castration is the theory - but has no beauty - and the facts by which it is mugged are the result of scientific study and critical thinking harnessed to applied ethology. As with the center to which Janice Willard refers the project I manage is entirely reliant on membership and donations - all help is most gratefully accepted. Regards to all Andy Beck White Horse Farm Equine Ethology Project Northland Aotearoa - New Zealand http://www.equine-behavior.com From: IN%"johnwade@ethological.com" "Ethological Communication" 12-FEB-2002 22:27:39.62 To: IN%"whfeep@equine-behavior.com" "WHFEEP", IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology Mailing List" CC: Subj: RE: castration "If we were to remove boy children from their families at whatever the human equivalent of the 5 month weaning period so often used in horse production might be, and then either run them together as a bunch without adult influence, or perhaps worse yet keep them in solitary confinement, would anyone really be surprised if what we ended up with was a bunch of little savages - devoid of manners or culture?" I recall a conversation with a veterinarian that was involved in an African project to introduce a mature bull elephant onto a range which was populated by only young "teen" elephants that were harvested from one area and transplanted to another, years before. They found that without the influence of mature male role model the elephants behaviour deteriorated to the delinquent level which included the beating and killing of rhinos. I later saw a documentary about the project and apparently the mature male straightened things around and relative peace returned to the savannah. Regards, John "Better check on my sons" Wade From: IN%"johnwade@ethological.com" "Ethological Communication" 12-FEB-2002 22:30:01.52 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology Mailing List" CC: Subj: University recommendation? Is there any particular university in Canada with a particularly strong ethology program at this time? The U.S.? John "Inquiring minds want to know" Wade From: IN%"Nabil.Brandl@agrsci.dk" "Nabil Brandl" 13-FEB-2002 00:55:08.19 To: IN%"johnwade@ethological.com" "'Ethological Communication'", IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology Mailing List" CC: Subj: SV: University recommendation? Try to contact Dr. John Zelek at Guelph university. Here is his e-mail: zelek@kopernik.eos.uoguelph.ca > -----Oprindelig meddelelse----- > Fra: Ethological Communication [SMTP:johnwade@ethological.com] > Sendt: 13. februar 2002 06:29 > Til: Applied Ethology Mailing List > Emne: University recommendation? > > Is there any particular university in Canada with a particularly strong > ethology program at this time? The U.S.? > > John "Inquiring minds want to know" Wade > > > <> From: IN%"Andreas.Briese@tiho-hannover.de" "Andreas Briese" 13-FEB-2002 06:31:01.13 To: IN%"jwillard@turbonet.com" "Janice Willard" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: rwhiskers & castration in horses I would not have thought the aspect of castration in horses would be of th= is interest. Highest numbers of castration will be in piglets, cats, dogs and= sheep and the welfare legislation i referred to will be of greater importa= nce in this area. Looking at horses, castration has not been yet of big discussion in german= y. But i would admit, you got the point if adressing it as an serious AW issu= e. A total of 652.000 horses are counted for germany (numbers from 5/2000). Around 300 thousend would fall as male. There is no official statistik for= this but from the experience of some veterinary clinics in northern germany i would think, around 50 % of male horses may become gelding till their four= th year, but their may be local and breeding line differences. To me it seems that stallion castration occurs first hand because of bette= r convenience of handling the horse in tournament especially in dressage. Little breeders may do castrate stallions also because of lack of space to= set up different groups. On the other hand rearing stallions leads to bett= er look of the horses. Castration therefore takes place after separation of t= he fouls (6-8 m) or either when the horse goes into training or be sold (2- 2= ,5 y). Looking at the housing conditions, dressage (and jump) horses are mostly belonging to people who don't have own land to put them on. The horses are= given to farmers or specialised private companies and taken from their owners to ride or competition. Owners often see after their horses daily (= 2- 3h) but this may be partly or fulltime adressed by the company or farmer. Thehorses may be trained by an approved horse trainer but often the owners= themselves do the training with or without professional assistance. Less than 20 % of the german farms use more than 50 ha. In addition we have humid weather conditions from november to april with high risk of feedlots becomming muddy and either destroid if the animals get out and don't have many space to use. Thus the majority of horses is seasonal or t= he hole year indoor using 12 to 16 squaremeter littered boxes. Paddocks are common but often timeshared between the horses. Outdoor facilities such as paddocks may bring up problems with stallions escaping towards mares but i would think, that problems of aggression between stallions are not often to adress. In addition usually this would = be controllable if most horses know each other. Thus i would say, that instead of the housing conditions more often the handling at tournaments is directed with castration. Stallions tend to eas= y loose of concentration in the task, head shaking and head turning towards (unknown) female horses and other stallions when showed at a competition. Dressage judges tend to give stallions less good results. Therefore ambitious dressage riders might be conservative in taking a stal= lion to ride and consequently there is little market for uncastrated male horse= s if not for breeding purposes. Most breeders order castration to stallions, if= they will not be used in breeding no more or will not breed anyway (without "K=F6rung"). Generally every single situation had to be taken into account but if castr= ation in male horses tends to be first hand an act to give the rider better comf= ort and better chances to get high scored in competition and sports it is inde= ed questionable if this reaches the law requirements. Hope you got the argument also my english is poor. Andreas Date sent: Tue, 12 Feb 2002 12:22:59 -0800 To: Andreas Briese From: Janice Willard Subject: Re: removing from whiskers in horses Copies to: applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca > > I was very interested in your comments about castration. I was educated= to > believe that it was really necessary to castrate horses in order to have > animals that can be worked and easily housed. However, recently I have = met > a man who runs a rehabilitation farm. He receives horses who have been > neglected or abused (often removed by state agencies) and rehabilitates > them. He also has a small herd of Arabs which he drives and rides > competition endurance. He saves his mares for breeding and does all his > performance work with stallions. My understanding was that stallions > couldn't be together or they would fight, but he brings his to our drivi= ng > events all in the same trailer and harnesses them together to pull sleig= hs. > When I saw that he tied all 3 stallions side by side while he went off = to > eat lunch, with no concerns for their behavior, I realized that my > understanding was wrong and I arranged to go and visit his farm. > > At his farm, about a dozen stallions are housed together in the same pen= . > Some of them are his Arabs but others are horses who have been brought t= o > him because of poor living conditions. So some are raised this way and > some are introduced to it. The mare and foal herd is kept close by (abo= ut > 20 feet away). And while there are some bite scars on stallions in the > herd, on no occasion that I have observed them, have I seen fighting. Wh= at > I have seen is relaxed horses out grazing together. He keeps them toget= her > during the breeding season as well. When he wants to breed a stallion, = he > gets it out from the stallion herd, takes it up to the barn and breeds a > mare and returns it to the stallion herd. One afternoon, I watched him > breed 3 different stallions (one at a time) and I watched the stallion h= erd > as the stallion who had just bred a mare was returned to the herd. Ther= e > was some snorting and prancing, but that was the extent of it. It is my > belief that he has created a bachelor herd, which is what stallions do i= n > the wild. And while I have no numerical evidence (although I would like= to > get some), it is my impression that these stallions are more relaxed and > emotionally stable than a majority of stallions I have seen individually > housed at breeding farms. In fact, he takes some of these stallions to > endurance competitions with children as young as 10 years old riding the= m. > > > Andreas, a year ago, I would have read your statements above about looki= ng > for alternatives to castration and just shook my head in disbelief. Now= I > have something else to think about. > > (P.S., this guy relies on private donations to maintain his rehabilitati= on > farm. If anyone is interested in donating, you are welcome to contact m= e > privately). > > Janice Willard, DVM, MS > Common Ground > Moscow, ID USA +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Dr. med. vet. Andreas Briese Tier=E4rztliche Hochschule Hannover Institut fuer Tierhygiene, Tierschutz und Nutztierethologie Buenteweg 17 p | School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover D- 30559 Hannover | Dep. animal welfare, animal hygiene & livestoc= k ethologie Tel.: (+49) 511 953-8837 Fax.: (+49) 511 953-8588 E-Mail:andreas_briese@animcare-sci.de (PLEASE use the first one if sending attachments!) andreas.briese@tiho-hannover.de andreas.briese@ml.niedersachsen.de +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From: IN%"Jon.Day@adas.co.uk" "Jon Day" 13-FEB-2002 06:58:01.09 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"BSAS@ed.sac.ac.uk" "BSAS" Subj: ISAE Regional Meeting for UK and Eire 2002 Dear All, 2nd ANNOUNCEMENT FOR THE ISAE REGIONAL MEETING FOR THE UK AND EIRE - April 10th - York I am pleased to confirm the final programme for the 2002 Annual Meeting of the ISAE in the UK and Eire Region... Please visit the Regional website for further details: http://www.isaeuk.freeserve.co.uk/ We have a full programme and delegates will benefit from being able to register for additional sessions within the British Society of Animal Science and World Poultry Science Annual Meetings which are held between 8th and 10th April 2002. For example there will be a dedicated session covering 'Ethics' and a satellite symposium entitle 'What Price Cheap Food'. I would be willing to answer any questions which may arise and hope to see you all in the beautiful city of York! Kind regards, Jon Day (ISAE Regional secretary for UK and Eire). PS. Please do not forget that the ISAE are currently wishing to recruit a new Secretary for the UK and Eire region. Applicants will need to be nominated and seconded by an ISAE member and notification should be passed to me as soon as possible. ******************************************************************************* The information transmitted is intended only for the addressee and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by parties other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you receive this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer. Opinions and other information in this message that do not relate to the official business of ADAS are neither given nor endorsed by it. For more information on ADAS, visit our website at http://www.adas.co.uk. ******************************************************************************* From: IN%"jeanpascal.guery@free.fr" "Jean-Pascal Guery" 13-FEB-2002 08:58:36.82 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "=?ISO-8859-1?Q?ML_=E9tho_appliqu=E9e?=" CC: Subj: Colobus guereza : THANK YOU... Dear list members, I wish to thank all of you who had answered me about the diet of black and white colobus guereza. This was very interesting. I've learn a lot. Thank you all. Best regards from France. Jean-Pascal Guery jeanpascal.guery@free.fr jeanpascalg@aol.com ************************************************************************** \"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.\" Mahatma Gandhi ************************************************************************** From: IN%"vanbasti@tca.net" "Jennifer Williams" 13-FEB-2002 09:09:45.02 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology Mailing List" CC: Subj: "Imprint training" in foals Hello all, I've felt compelled to write in response to this topic on foal imprinting/imprint training since I have now done two studies in imprint training. One lasted over 2 years and used about 120 horses and the other was a one year study using about 45 foals. I, too, have read Dr. Miller's letter in JEVS. I have not had the opportunity to speak with Dr. Miller about imprint training, although I have read his book, watched his video, and read several articles in the popular press about imprint training. I think Dr. Boivin has some interesting comments and I want to respond to both him and Dr. Miller's article. First, I wanted to say that in our studies, we did not set out to criticize Dr. Miller's procedure. As a horse person myself, I was interested to see if this initial handling could really result in foals that were easier to handle throughout life (a claim made by many supportive of imprint training). Our Extension Specialist had also been asked about this by many ranchers and manager of big breeding and foaling operations. Since we couldn't find any research into the effectiveness of imprint training, we decided this would be a worthwhile project. Dr. Miller's criticisms: -The control group is not a true control as it has already been handled and maybe already imprinted. In our study, we did not have the opportunity to use completely unhandled foals as control. Our control foals did receive an injection in both back legs soon after birth (this was the standard procedure on the farm where they were born). After this, though, they and their dams were put out into large pastures. Workers drove through the pastures on occasion to check for injuries, dead foals, illness, etc. Unless they found an injured, ill, or dead foal, they did not get out of their vehicle. Any injured or ill foals that received additional handling were not used in our study. Dr. Boivin's comment to Dr. Miller's criticism "I'm not sure that it is so important. If the usual minimal practices around birth are sufficiently able to positively imprint the animals and reduce the difference between control group and treated group, then the interest of Millers' method should be strongly reduced. " I agree with Dr. Boivin - if the tiny bit of handling the foal receives at birth is enough to cause the same effect (or even a similar effect) as the longer, more involved imprint training procedure, why take the time to imprint train? In our case, at least, we were wanting to see if the time spent to imprint train (and in some cases the added expense of paying workers) is worth it - Do you get any effect from that time (and/or money) you spend? -The experimenters are not hands-on experience horsemen. In our case, this was not true. In both studies, those who did the imprint training were experienced in both the imprint training procedure as well as in general horse care, training, handling, etc. In both studies, our imprint trainers had been doing this procedure for several years. I am also an experience horsewoman, having a background in handling, care, and training. Since I and those who assisted on this study did not do the imprint training of foals in the study, we did imprint train approximately 30 foals at the university's horse center (for experience - this also gave me the chance to train some of the people who assisted with this project who did not have as much horse experience). Myself and my assistants are the ones who did all testing. Anyone with little horse handling experience was supervised by myself or another experience horse handler/trainer. Another comment - Imprint training has been promoted for use with all levels of horsemen and horsewomen, not only those who have a great deal of previous experience with horses. Dr. Miller has a book which is very much a 'how to' and he also has a video showing you how to imprint train a foal. Articles in the popular press have also promoted imprint training for all horseman. If this method requires an experienced imprint trainer to get good results, then I think that Dr. Miller should have stated this all along and I also believe that its usefulness is limited. Many people I've spoken to who imprint train their foals are pleasure horse owners. They may breed one or two foals a year, and they are not professional horsemen. This method of handling seems to appeal to them (possibly because they're so excited to have these foals, they're eager to immediately interact with them). If this method requires a great deal of training or experience, that needs to be made more clear. -People are afraid of destroying the mare-foal bond and this can prejudice the experiment. I can't speak for others, but this was not the case in our studies. -The sample sizes are too small. We used 120 foals in one experiment and 46 foals in another experiment. I understand many experiments may use 5-10 foals/treatment, and I agree this is small. We did have treatments with fewer foals, and we state in our manuscripts (which have been submitted for publication but not yet published) that when our numbers were small, our confidence in those results was less. If imprint training is 100% effective, as Dr. Miller claims, shouldn't we be able to detect differences even with small sample sizes? Some of Dr. Boivin's comments I wanted to respond to - -"Since the beginning, I feel that scientists who want to work on this imprinting phenomenon does not need necessarily to refer to the Miller's methods. " For us, we referred to Dr. Miller's methods because this is what we were researching. We went by the methods promoted in his book and video. We did this to answer questions from people in the horse industry - can they imprint train their foals and have them behave better, be less reactive, etc. than those that were not imprint trainer? -"If they want to work on the Miller's method, they should work with him. " When we started this (in 1999), I did try to get in touch with Dr. Miller for his advice. Unfortunately, I was not able to at that time (and I admit since then I have not tried again). -"However is there any scientists who worked with these very skilled persons in horse riding (as R. Miller, Monty Roberts, Patt Parelli) . If no one works with them, is it because such persons do not want to do it? I can easily imagine that they do not have interest to work with scientists as they earn a lot of money with books, movies, training and conferences. " I can say I have not worked with any of these or the other 'popular'/'fad' trainers at this time. If I had the opportunity, I would likely take it (I don't agree with some of the 'fad' trainers and I might be picky about who I would work with.) -"I would answer to R. Miller that rather than speaking about fallacious studies about imprinting, he should propose to discuss constructively with our community. I am sure that very honest and skilled scientists would be pleased to work with him, not to try to demonstrate that he is wrong but to fulfil our common motivation which is to better understand animal's behaviour and improve the Human-animal relationship." That is something I would like to see. -"However I do not believe that some few days of contact are sufficient to keep a positive human-animal relationship through all life. First people need to define more strictly what they understand by positive human-animal relationship. Secondly such days of contact are probably important but what is happening after the period of contact is also essential. Unfortunately it is much more convenient to dream to establish quickly a positive human-animal relationship without having to work for it afterward." I agree with this, too. I have stated in talks, in the articles we have submitted, and when talking to those in the horse industry that while imprint training did not procedure significant results in our study, it is not worthless or without value (although I don't think it should be called imprinting, but I think we've already had that discussion). Most people want a 'quick fix' - They want to 'imprint train' the babies when they hit the ground and possibly for the few first days of life, turn them out, and not be bothered with them again until it is time to halter break or saddle break them. So they turn to imprint training hoping they can do a little work in the beginning, have no contact with the foals, and then have better behaving animals in 6 months, a year, 2 or 3 years. I think that consistent handling that lasts throughout life is more important in having well trained, well behaved animals. I don't think there is a 'quick fix' for this. I've talk the people I've talked to about imprint training (those wanting to do it or wanting to know if they should) that if they imprint train, they should follow it up with consistent handling throughout the horse's life - to not expect a few hours of work to have long lasting effects. I think I've covered everything I wanted to - I apologize that this got rather long. Jennifer Williams From: IN%"S.Meredith@Farmline.Com" "Michael Meredith" 13-FEB-2002 11:05:03.05 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Self-medication in animals and birds Self-medication in animals and birds ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ I have just been reading a newly published (last month) book, by British ethologist Dr. Cindy Engel, in which she gathers together observational, anecdotal and experimental evidence on the controversial phenomenon of self-medication by sick or parasite-infected animals and birds. She also reviews information about how animals respond to wounds, fractures, ageing and death, and what strategies they use to cope with stress. Her account is quite fascinating and her researches obviously extensive. The writing style is primarily designed to cater for a non-scientific audience, but for the benefit of scientists there is a categorised listing of the relevant scientific literature. I would commend the book to any ethologists who have not seen it, and would be interested to see further discussion in this list of the fascinating topics Cindy raises - a synopsis of the book is available at: http://www.lovehealth.org/books/animal-healing.htm Plenty of grist for our mill! Mike Meredith From: IN%"mappleby@hsus.org" "Michael Appleby" 13-FEB-2002 11:28:17.24 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Ethology Applied (E-mail)", IN%"ISAEnet-l@usask.ca" "ISAE (E-mail)" CC: Subj: What Price Cheap Food? Dear Colleagues A meeting called 'What Price Cheap Food?' will be held on Monday 8th April 2002 at the University of York, UK. It is possible to attend just this meeting, or up to three others over the period from Monday 8th to Wednesday 10th April. The meeting is a satellite to the Annual Meeting of the British Society of Animal Science, and the main arrangements for accommodation and so on are being made by BSAS. Those attending the main BSAS meeting are exempt from paying a registration fee for the satellite. The other two meetings, as Jon Day indicated in his message, are of the World Poultry Science Association and the UK/Eire Region of the ISAE. More information can be found on the UK/Eire ISAE website, including a booking form for all the meetings, accommodation and meals. http://www.isaeuk.freeserve.co.uk/ The theme 'What Price Cheap Food?' is obviously topical. Pressure for cheap food production has been a major factor in many negative developments: problems for animal welfare, reduced food safety, unreliable farm incomes, pressures on small-scale producers, reduced food security, loss of competitiveness for third-world producers and environmental damage. Cheap food - or rather, apparently cheap food - involves other 'prices' that are not reflected in the monetary cost. Competition should no longer be the main determinant of food prices, and we need to find mechanisms to achieve this aim. Best wishes Mike Michael C. Appleby (Dr) Vice-President Farm Animals and Sustainable Agriculture The Humane Society of the United States 2100 L Street, NW Washington, DC 20037, USA Switchboard 1 202 452 1100 Direct 1 301 258 3111 Fax 1 301 258 3081 Email mappleby@hsus.org From: IN%"jwillard@turbonet.com" "Janice Willard" 13-FEB-2002 13:07:16.37 To: IN%"Andreas.Briese@tiho-hannover.de" "Andreas Briese" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: rwhiskers & castration in horses At 01:30 PM 2/13/02 +100, you wrote: >I would not have thought the aspect of castration in horses would be of this >interest. Highest numbers of castration will be in piglets, cats, dogs and >sheep and the welfare legislation i referred to will be of greater importance in >this area. > Actually, I told the story about the group housed stallions not to argue for not castrating stallions, but rather to illustrate that some of what we believe about how an animal will behave if not castrated is not always the case. I always believed that stallions would fight and injure each other and so it was always necessary to either castrate them or keep them separated. This was the common "wisdom" as well as what had been taught to me in university animal husbandry classes. It is an image supported by popular fiction (like the horse fight scene in the Black Stallion) and nature TV shows, which will show a dominant wild stallion fighting off the advances of another stallion on his harem. What the nature shows don't show is all of the stallions in the bachelor herd who are *not* fighting with each other. There is not much drama in horses getting along, so the infrequent fights are presented and this skewed image is what will stick in people's minds. Certainly, I never thought to question it. So, I guess I presented that case history because it showed to me that what I "thought" was true about stallion behavior and management, might not be the case. Or as the old song goes "The things that you're liable to read in the Bible, it ain't necessarily so." And if I can ever have my prayers answered by a supreme deity, may it be that I never become so convinced that I know something is "true" that I can't see evidence to the contrary. So I will not at all state that I believe that castration is wrong for all horses in all circumstances. On my own farm right now, I currently have 3 adult mares and a nine month colt. (Up until last week, I also had an old gelding, but I just had him euthanized for deteriorating health). The horses all live together as a social unit and I assumed I would castrate the colt when he is old enough. For one thing, I only have enough pasture to manage the horses on the same pastures at the same time and if I were to not castrate Joey, I would have to separate him from the mares. And this, I feel, is a far worse situation. What the take home lesson from the rehabilitation farm is for me is that horses should not be kept in social isolation, including stallions. Our information about the behavior effects of castration or not castrating is incomplete. It is the social isolation of stallions, because of their perceived threat to each other, that I see as the real welfare issue, not the castration itself. Or to put this another way, I would rather see a horse castrated and with a social unit, than being kept as a stallion and socially isolated. So I am not suggesting that stallions should not be castrated but rather that they should not live in social isolation because they are not castrated. Social isolation, like whisker trimming, is done for convenience of the humans, not the benefit of the horses. And as to the distracted behavior of stallions in the show ring, well this could partly be a result of their social isolation as well. If the only time that a stallion is allowed to touch another horse (imagine what it must be like for a social animal to never be allowed to even touch another member of its own species) is when it is breeding a mare, then soon it will be conditioned to exhibit sexual behavior in response to seeing another horse. It has no other normal social contacts for comparison. So you then take it out and put it in a show ring with a bunch of other horses, you can hardly blame it for being distracted and confused. What the farm situation that I described seems to be indicating is that, if the stallions have a wealth of social contacts beyond that of stud service, they are more relaxed both in their social unit and when they get around other horses. Again, I have no hard data beyond observation and supposition to back this up, but the studies could be done. >Hope you got the argument also my english is poor. Please don't apologize; your English is a whole lot better than my German. Meine Deutsche ist nicht so gut! I have some other thoughts about the effects of castration on the social unit, this time based on my observation of domestic goats, but this post is getting long and I have other work I should be doing. I will try to write about the goats later. Janice Janice Willard, DVM, MS Common Ground Moscow, ID USA From: IN%"orion1432@juno.com" "D. B. Cameron" 13-FEB-2002 16:18:06.49 To: IN%"whfeep@equine-behavior.com", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"ABrad93939@aol.com", IN%"mjspots@camasnet.com", IN%"ponypip@aol.com" Subj: RE: castration I have little knowledge of, and no experience with, horse management/husbandry. So speaking generically, what if one does have a group of horses, none of which has had this ideal, "family" upbringing (a dysfunctional family, if you will), how does one bring up a youngster with such lousy, un or mal socialized companions? DBC On Wed, 13 Feb 2002 16:53:22 +1300 WHFEEP writes: > As Janice Willard states from direct observation stallions are not > the > difficult dangerous creatures they are often portrayed as. I too > have > worked three stallions together 15 years ago and had no problems - > and this > in a trekking center often catering for absolute beginners. > > We currently have 7 young stallions in a bachelor group here (6 four > year > olds and a five year old) and they are a delight to work with, > polite, well > mannered, very quick learners, and with a strong natural > cooperative > attitude. All were raised in either of the two 'harem' research > groups here, > to which I attribute their good behavior. > > If we were to remove boy children from their families at whatever > the human > equivalent of the 5 month weaning period so often used in horse > production > might be, and then either run them together as a bunch without > adult > influence, or perhaps worse yet keep them in solitary confinement, > would > anyone really be surprised if what we ended up with was a bunch of > little > savages - devoid of manners or culture? We only have to look at the > the > weight of evidence that tells us that boy children from single > parent > families are more likely to fail in learning environments, have > problems > with society, and are more likely to have self control problems > also. > Research evidence supports the contention that the same is true of > horses. > What differs is that the common 'fix' applied to colts or stallions > as a > result of this poor behavior is castration. There is however no > logic to > support the idea that castration will somehow put right what > mis-management > and social/familial deprivation has produced. > The aggressive stallions that have to be handled with all kinds of > special > equipment and protective clothing are made so by being treated in a > totally > inhumane manner - deprived of all normal social contact and kept in a > type > of isolation that we reserve only for the worst human criminals. > Even when > allowed sexual expression they are denied courtship behavior. There > is no > defense for this type of management except that the equine industry > finds it > the most convenient way of making money - ethically the practice is > redundant. > > Studies have now shown that the outcome of castration is far from > certain or > uniform - varying from asexual in behavior through to geldings that > display > stallion like dominance, are able to maintain an erection, and even > to serve > mares.(though of course without issue) > An unruly colt does not automatically or reliably turn into a polite > gelding > by virtue of an intrusive operation that leaves it in quite severe > discomfort, presents a massive shock to it's system, and which it > has no > ability to understand - why should it? > > Given that castration is not reliable as a method of behavioral > modification > and that other forms of reproductive control (eg via injection etc) > are > available it would seem to me that the ethics of this practice are > now > highly questionable. > > There may indeed be no sadder sight in life than a beautiful theory > mugged > by a gang > of facts. In this case castration is the theory - but has no beauty > - and > the facts by which it is mugged are the result of scientific study > and > critical thinking harnessed to applied ethology. > > As with the center to which Janice Willard refers the project I > manage is > entirely reliant on membership and donations - all help is most > gratefully > accepted. > > Regards to all > > Andy Beck > White Horse Farm Equine Ethology Project > Northland > Aotearoa - New Zealand > http://www.equine-behavior.com > > > ^ ^ D. B. Cameron, DVM < \ / > Animal Behavior Clinic ! ! Nevada City, California .. There is no sadder sight in life than a beautiful theory mugged by a gang of facts. From: IN%"whfeep@equine-behavior.com" "WHFEEP" 13-FEB-2002 17:23:58.35 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"orion1432@juno.com" "D. B. Cameron" Subj: RE: castration ----- Original Message ----- From: "D. B. Cameron" > I have little knowledge of, and no experience with, horse > management/husbandry. So speaking generically, what if one does have a > group of horses, none of which has had this ideal, "family" upbringing (a > dysfunctional family, if you will), how does one bring up a youngster > with such lousy, un or mal socialized companions? > I think the primary reason why horse breeding has strayed so far from any natural social group is that very little work had been done on the social behavior of horses until relatively recently - partly due to cost of maintaining large numbers of horses as research subjects, but more because the well-being of animals in general, and horses in particular, has been subjugated to the convenience of the breeder/owner/user. Sufficient work has now been done so that behavioral paradigms are available on which to base management systems so that socially functional (and therefore also to a degree financially viable) horses can be produced. First generation management where there is no existing social culture is, it is true, more difficult and time consuming, but even this is not so difficult. Once an 'equine' culture is established many of the behavioral (in which I specifically include reproductive behavior) problems that have a high cost to the industry in terms of loss of performance, training man-hours required, accident or injury, loss of residual value and poor public perception (currently probably the Racing industry's greatest problem) are very easily resolved. I admit that there is a chicken and egg situation here, but by now we should be well aware that the result of doing nothing is far costlier than progressive intervention based on ethological research. Regards to all Andy Beck White Horse Farm Equine Ethology Project Northland Aotearoa - New Zealand. http://www.equine-behavior.com From: IN%"sarahbedgar@hotmail.com" "Sarah Bedgar" 13-FEB-2002 19:01:50.55 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Greetings from Maryland! I am a recent graduate of the University of Maryland at College Park with a B.S. in animal science and a certificate in international agriculture and natural resources. I grew up on my family's dairy and still help when I can. I am also a sales specialist for a dairy equipment dealership, through which I visit at least a dozen dairies each day. I plan to begin graduate school in animal science at North Dakota State University this fall. I am extremely interested in farm animal welfare and increasing communication between livestock/dairy producers and consumers. I look forward to participating in discussions and am open to any input/advice anyone may have for me. Thank you, Sarah ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sarah E. Bedgar Sales Specialist Jones Dairy Service, Inc. P.O. Box 66 Freeland, Maryland 21053 Cell: 443-480-0111 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "When tillage begins, the other arts follow. The farmers, therefore, are the founders of civilization." -Daniel Webster ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _________________________________________________________________ Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com From: IN%"Andreas.Briese@tiho-hannover.de" "Andreas Briese" 14-FEB-2002 03:11:34.25 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Fox hunting with dogs in Scotland SCOTLAND VOTES TO BAN FOX HUNTING WITH DOGS EDINBURGH, Scotland, February 13, 2002 (ENS) - Animal welfare groups celebrated tonight as the Scottish Parliament voted to ban fox hunting with dogs. They said the historic decision will influence the campaign to ban hunting with dogs in England and Wales. For full text and graphics visit: 0000,8000,0000http://ens-news.com/ens/feb= 2002/2002L-02-13-05.html You may get further information about the ongoing discussion o= n foxhunting in GB at the end of the ENS-Text > related stories To those intersted in the matter of hunting with dogs: At the website http://www.huntinginquiry.gov.uk the reports of the Committee of Inquiry into Hunting with Dogs in england = and wales are available which includes findings on hares and other wildlife af= ter hunting with dogs. Andreas +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Dr. med. vet. Andreas Briese Tier=E4rztliche Hochschule Hannover Institut fuer Tierhygiene, Tierschutz und Nutztierethologie Buenteweg 17 p | School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover D- 30559 Hannover | Dep. animal welfare, animal hygiene & livestoc= k ethologie Tel.: (+49) 511 953-8837 Fax.: (+49) 511 953-8588 E-Mail:andreas_briese@animcare-sci.de (PLEASE use the first one if sending attachments!) andreas.briese@tiho-hannover.de andreas.briese@ml.niedersachsen.de +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ From: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net" 14-FEB-2002 04:11:59.71 To: IN%"jwillard@turbonet.com" "'Janice Willard'", IN%"Andreas.Briese@tiho-hannover.de" "'Andreas Briese'" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: An Historical note: War horses If I search my library any longer I shall miss the immediacy of the thread. Here is an extract from The Mounted Troops of the British Army by Colonel H.C.B Rogers (The Imperial Services Library. LONDON Seeley Service & C0. Limited 1959. "In 1884 the 10th Hussars embarked once more for England. Meanwhile, however, the Egyptian campaign had started, and the regiment was diverted to Suakim for active service. They arrived, of course without any mounts...and (were) offered the horses of three regiments of Egyptian Gendarmerie...they were small Syria Arab ponies with very rough saddles, mostly of an old French cavalry pattern. However, their appearance was misleading; for throughout the operations which followed, they proved exceedingly tough, and showed no sign of fatigue after 24 hours without water... the 19th Hussars, who were also engaged in this war, were mounted on the same type of local horse. In their case however, for the 1885 campaign, it was a deliberate choice owing to the proved unsuitability of English horses to stand up to hard work under tropical conditions with little water and desert fare. The regiment therefore left Cairo dismounted and took over the Syrian Arabs and Wady Halfa (sic) The were all stallions of an average age of eight to nine years." I have read elsewhere that the number of horses involved was 600 and the troopers had great misgivings about their uncut status! Apparently the men become quite devoted to these mounts. (note: the book I have mislaid is titled "The Horse in War" and was written by a master at Eton College whose parergon was military history). Thank you Janice, for a reminder that the bachelor horse herd is the clue to the successful historical use of the horse in the cavalry role. Every gentleman (or gentlewoman) of account should have at lease six horses for war and sport and they should most certainly be entire males! Harrumph! ````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` -----Original Message----- From: Janice Willard [mailto:jwillard@turbonet.com] Sent: 12 February 2002 20:23 To: Andreas Briese Cc: applied-ethology@skyway.usask.ca Subject: Re: removing from whiskers in horses At 12:04 PM 2/12/02 +0100, you wrote: >Hi there, > >there is some discussion about castration and other manipulation >in animals (tail-docking, beak-trimming, measures against flying off >in birds etc.) meating the requirements of german law. Castration >referes to Art. 6. No. 5. But many vets question if castration realy >is nessary to a further use or keeping of the animal. Changes of >behaivioural and endocrine parameters after castration for the >animal concerned and others animals in case of sozial species are >severe. Thus the vet should apply castration only after looking at >the alternatives. > >Andreas I was very interested in your comments about castration. I was educated to believe that it was really necessary to castrate horses in order to have animals that can be worked and easily housed. (snip) Andreas, a year ago, I would have read your statements above about looking for alternatives to castration and just shook my head in disbelief. Now I have something else to think about. (P.S., this guy relies on private donations to maintain his rehabilitation farm. If anyone is interested in donating, you are welcome to contact me privately). Janice Willard, DVM, MS Common Ground Moscow, ID USA From: IN%"m.dierendonck@planet.nl" 14-FEB-2002 07:07:55.98 To: IN%"jwillard@turbonet.com" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology List" Subj: RE: rwhiskers & castration in horses >What the take home lesson from the rehabilitation farm is for me is that >horses should not be kept in social isolation, including stallions. Our >information about the behavior effects of castration or not castrating is >incomplete. It is the social isolation of stallions, because of their >perceived threat to each other, that I see as the real welfare issue, not >the castration itself. Or to put this another way, I would rather see a >horse castrated and with a social unit, than being kept as a stallion and >socially isolated. I absolutely agree with these statements of Janice. As long as stallions have to live with humans in sub-optimal circumstances, castration would be a serious and valid option. In many cases social living geldings are better of (measured behaviourally and endocrinologically) than most stallions in most current day housing and management systems, despite the harm a castration does. Most horses I see, when called for help with an equine behaviour problem, have (or had) some kind of social problem (either at weaning, were isolated for some time or had only socialised with year class peers) at the basis of their current day problem. I remember a study showing that in feral horses, bachelor stallions have significant lower testosterone levels than age matched stallions who live in a harem (or Multiple Male Band) with least one mare. Also non breeding stallions in MMB's have lower testosterone levels as the breeding male. Personally, we keep our (Icelandic) horses socially and the colts grow up in nature reserves where the are introduced as 1 year olds and are taken out when 4 years old (mimicking the bachelor phase). In this phase the learn the social rules and communications, they learn the ritual assessment of the strength of another, they learn to dominate but also to stop when an other is giving submissive signals. (By they way to my opinion it is preferred if they are in a group with several ages present, not in one year age classes. In one year age classes often one is "dominant since birth" and stays that in the whole upbringing phase, while in mixed age classes older animals naturally dominate the younger ones and all do grow older so they learn all positions). After 4 years some are castrated and some stay intact, as long as they stay in a gelding or bachelor herd, it is often OK. But when we start breeding them (by having their own bunch of mares in a field) most of them are difficult to return them to the bachelor herd. Sometimes it works in the winter again. I am convinced that if stallions stay since birth in a social unit and have had no mares to defend, they will have much less problems. This is one of my top research questions I would like to tackle, if I had the resources. Currently I do research in a herd forming group of feral Konik horses. There are around 600 horses (50% stallions:50% mares) in a 4300 Ha nature reserve. There are all reproductive strategies and bands present: clear harems (several), MMB's (many), bachelor herds (few), solitaires (few). Spontaneously, in spring, summer and autumn, they aggregate in one large herd, with only about 10 -100 meters between the bands. There is a lot of inter-action and sometimes some fighting between the stallions, and indeed, most adult stallions have scars. But is its very seldom I have seen one seriously wounded. These animals have the possibility to disperse, but they don't and we are trying to find out why they are organising themselves as zebra's instead behave as most feral horses: in temporal and spatial separated bands. We are also thinking of taking cortisol measurements of the different stallions in different situations. With bringing up this herd I want to show, is that stallions function in a multiple male environment with mares around without real serious problems. I understand, it is not "neat" to have an animal with scars (among other things), but so to say: "they do not bother to have some scars as long as they can be social". To take the parallel to the domesticated horses living in human care with limited space: if we castrate stallions, we can prevent the scars and still give the animals a basic necessity of life: being social. >And as to the distracted behavior of stallions in the show ring, well this >could partly be a result of their social isolation as well. If the only >time that a stallion is allowed to touch another horse (imagine what it >must be like for a social animal to never be allowed to even touch another >member of its own species) is when it is breeding a mare, then soon it will >be conditioned to exhibit sexual behavior in response to seeing another >horse. It has no other normal social contacts for comparison. So you then >take it out and put it in a show ring with a bunch of other horses, you can >hardly blame it for being distracted and confused. What the farm situation >that I described seems to be indicating is that, if the stallions have a >wealth of social contacts beyond that of stud service, they are more >relaxed both in their social unit and when they get around other horses. >Again, I have no hard data beyond observation and supposition to back this >up, but the studies could be done. This is out of my hart: knowledge and implementation (!) of the natural basic necessities of life seen from the mind (and physiology) of a horse, not from the mind of a human, would improve the quality of life of many horses throughout the horse industry. Machteld ====================================== Machteld van Dierendonck Equid ethologist m.dierendonck@planet.nl -----Original Message----- From: Janice Willard [mailto:jwillard@turbonet.com] Sent: 13 February 2002 19:59 To: Andreas Briese Cc: applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca Subject: Re: rwhiskers & castration in horses At 01:30 PM 2/13/02 +100, you wrote: >I would not have thought the aspect of castration in horses would be of this >interest. Highest numbers of castration will be in piglets, cats, dogs and >sheep and the welfare legislation i referred to will be of greater importance in >this area. > Actually, I told the story about the group housed stallions not to argue for not castrating stallions, but rather to illustrate that some of what we believe about how an animal will behave if not castrated is not always the case. I always believed that stallions would fight and injure each other and so it was always necessary to either castrate them or keep them separated. This was the common "wisdom" as well as what had been taught to me in university animal husbandry classes. It is an image supported by popular fiction (like the horse fight scene in the Black Stallion) and nature TV shows, which will show a dominant wild stallion fighting off the advances of another stallion on his harem. What the nature shows don't show is all of the stallions in the bachelor herd who are *not* fighting with each other. There is not much drama in horses getting along, so the infrequent fights are presented and this skewed image is what will stick in people's minds. Certainly, I never thought to question it. So, I guess I presented that case history because it showed to me that what I "thought" was true about stallion behavior and management, might not be the case. Or as the old song goes "The things that you're liable to read in the Bible, it ain't necessarily so." And if I can ever have my prayers answered by a supreme deity, may it be that I never become so convinced that I know something is "true" that I can't see evidence to the contrary. So I will not at all state that I believe that castration is wrong for all horses in all circumstances. On my own farm right now, I currently have 3 adult mares and a nine month colt. (Up until last week, I also had an old gelding, but I just had him euthanized for deteriorating health). The horses all live together as a social unit and I assumed I would castrate the colt when he is old enough. For one thing, I only have enough pasture to manage the horses on the same pastures at the same time and if I were to not castrate Joey, I would have to separate him from the mares. And this, I feel, is a far worse situation. What the take home lesson from the rehabilitation farm is for me is that horses should not be kept in social isolation, including stallions. Our information about the behavior effects of castration or not castrating is incomplete. It is the social isolation of stallions, because of their perceived threat to each other, that I see as the real welfare issue, not the castration itself. Or to put this another way, I would rather see a horse castrated and with a social unit, than being kept as a stallion and socially isolated. So I am not suggesting that stallions should not be castrated but rather that they should not live in social isolation because they are not castrated. Social isolation, like whisker trimming, is done for convenience of the humans, not the benefit of the horses. And as to the distracted behavior of stallions in the show ring, well this could partly be a result of their social isolation as well. If the only time that a stallion is allowed to touch another horse (imagine what it must be like for a social animal to never be allowed to even touch another member of its own species) is when it is breeding a mare, then soon it will be conditioned to exhibit sexual behavior in response to seeing another horse. It has no other normal social contacts for comparison. So you then take it out and put it in a show ring with a bunch of other horses, you can hardly blame it for being distracted and confused. What the farm situation that I described seems to be indicating is that, if the stallions have a wealth of social contacts beyond that of stud service, they are more relaxed both in their social unit and when they get around other horses. Again, I have no hard data beyond observation and supposition to back this up, but the studies could be done. >Hope you got the argument also my english is poor. Please don't apologize; your English is a whole lot better than my German. Meine Deutsche ist nicht so gut! I have some other thoughts about the effects of castration on the social unit, this time based on my observation of domestic goats, but this post is getting long and I have other work I should be doing. I will try to write about the goats later. Janice Janice Willard, DVM, MS Common Ground Moscow, ID USA From: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net" 14-FEB-2002 13:54:56.54 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology Network (E-mail)" CC: Subj: More on Stallions in War I have found "The horse in War" it is by J M Brereton 1976 David and Charles ISBN 0 7153 7124 Here are some snippets of interest. "The Arabs were unique among early mounted warriors in riding only mares; colt foals were not welcome, and only a few were reserved, for stud purposes. "For many centuries where were two schools of thought about the question of stallion versus mare as a cavalry mount. The Arabs, with some justification, held that the entire is likely to betray a stealthy approach or recce patrol by whinnying lustily the moment he scents an interesting female, and that he is apt to bite not only his equine rivals but his master as well. On the other hand, the 'pro-stallion school maintains that the mare....tends to be temperamental and unreliable especially when in season and lacks the courage, stamina and showy bearing of the proud-stepping stallion." "By the middle of the nineteenth century, stallions had ceased to be acceptable as troop horses in Europe, but in India the battle of the sexes continued to occupy the authorities. In 1850 the C-in-C (commander in chief) general Sir George Berkley, ordered a 'scientific' test to determine the relative stamina of the stallions and geldings. With equal proportions of each the 15th Hussars and the Madras Cavalry were subjected to a 'forced march' of some 400 miles. Captain Nolan, (immortalised by David Hemming in the movie The Charge of the Light Brigade!) riding with the 15th observed that 'they brought in but one led horse; stallions and geldings did their work equally well, and were in equally good condition on return. On this test the men were riding 'not in full marching order' and averaged a weight of 14 stone per mount. Sir George decided in favour of the geldings; besides being more docile to handle, they were reported somewhat surprisingly, to 'require less food'. Nevertheless, in the 1890s, the uncut troop horse was still causing some unmilitary diversions on parade. When the 7th Hussars arrived at Mhow in 1891 they took over Arab and Gulf stallions, and 'the squeals, rearing and kicking that went on during assembly in the half light were both vulgar and dangerous', as Major-General John Vaughan wrote in his Cavalry and Sporting Memories. Sergeant Burridge of the 5th Royal Irish Lancers, reported in his manuscript diary that the stallions received in India were 'an-eye opener from our home mounts'. If any broke loose on exercise, 'there was hell to pay...these loose horses not only attacked any spare horse wandering around, but they would jump on the back of your own mount." None of this material negates what we have learned about stallions so far in posts. It is clear that the hasty recruitment and deployment of newly formed cavalry units bears no resemblance to the long term nurturing of a well regulated horse herd. Machteld's observations are marvellously useful in understanding all of this. What I do see is a stimulus for more discussion on hormones and the validity of social bullying. Some more history too - I shouldn't wonder :-) From: IN%"deweaver@gte.net" "Dallas E. Weaver, Ph.D." 14-FEB-2002 16:55:37.67 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"jc.weaver@verizon.net" Subj: RE: What Price Cheap Food? Michael C. Appleby So "Competition should no longer be the main determinant of food prices"!!!!! History has shown two major systems that based food prices on something other than competition. One was the USSR and the other was China. These two system did achieve the sustainable goal of reducing the population. However, starvation may not be the most desirable way to achieve a slower population growth rate. To achieve "Sustainable Agriculture" on a finite planet with a finite solar input with an unbounded population is mathematically impossible. The question then becomes how to decrease the population growth rate. The alternatives to market competitive approaches have a history of decreasing growth by starvation and force, while the competitive approaches place such a strong benefit to high quality offspring, people have very few children (how many can you afford to get through the university) in their own self interest. What are your "alternatives to competition"? What will prevent the chosen few from using the system for their personal advantage, advantage for their children, etc.? If the non-market decision making system starts out with good ideals, what will prevent it from evolving into a self-serving system? Always keep in mind that you can form an organization with the best of intentions, made up of the "best and brightest" of a society and get the "inquisition" as an outcome. Dallas >Dear Colleagues > >A meeting called 'What Price Cheap Food?' will be held on Monday 8th >April 2002 at the University of York, UK. > >It is possible to attend just this meeting, or up to three others >over the period from Monday 8th to Wednesday 10th April. The meeting >is a satellite to the Annual Meeting of the British Society of >Animal Science, and the main arrangements for accommodation and so >on are being made by BSAS. Those attending the main BSAS meeting are >exempt from paying a registration fee for the satellite. The other >two meetings, as Jon Day indicated in his message, are of the World >Poultry Science Association and the UK/Eire Region of the ISAE. More >information can be found on the UK/Eire ISAE website, including a >booking form for all the meetings, accommodation and meals. > >http://www.isaeuk.freeserve.co.uk/ > >The theme 'What Price Cheap Food?' is obviously topical. Pressure >for cheap food production has been a major factor in many negative >developments: problems for animal welfare, reduced food safety, >unreliable farm incomes, pressures on small-scale producers, reduced >food security, loss of competitiveness for third-world producers and >environmental damage. Cheap food - or rather, apparently cheap food >- involves other 'prices' that are not reflected in the monetary >cost. Competition should no longer be the main determinant of food >prices, and we need to find mechanisms to achieve this aim. > >Best wishes > >Mike > >(Dr) >Vice-President >Farm Animals and Sustainable Agriculture >The Humane Society of the United States >2100 L Street, NW Washington, DC 20037, USA >Switchboard 1 202 452 1100 >Direct 1 301 258 3111 >Fax 1 301 258 3081 >Email mappleby@hsus.org -- Dallas E. Weaver, Ph.D. Scientific Hatcheries deweaver@gte.net 5542 Engineer Dr. 714-890-0138 Huntington Beach, CA Fax 714-890-3778 92649 -- Dallas E. Weaver, Ph.D. Scientific Hatcheries deweaver@gte.net 5542 Engineer Dr. 714-890-0138 Huntington Beach, CA Fax 714-890-3778 92649 From: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net" 15-FEB-2002 01:41:51.68 To: IN%"deweaver@gte.net" "'Dallas E. Weaver, Ph.D.'", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"jc.weaver@verizon.net" Subj: RE: What Price Cheap Food? Re: What Price Cheap Food?Dallas E Weaver When you write "inquisition", do you mean "Inquisition" as in "Spanish Inquisition"? As I recall, the joke is that "nobody expects The Spanish Inquisition". I would go further to say that nobody expected Stalin would kill the agricultural entrepreneurs (Kulaks). Nobody seems to have fully expected the Khmer Rouge either. It sounds like a most important symposium. -----Original Message----- From: Dallas E. Weaver, Ph.D. [mailto:deweaver@gte.net] Sent: 14 February 2002 22:43 To: applied-ethology@skyway.usask.ca Cc: jc.weaver@verizon.net Subject: Re: What Price Cheap Food? Michael C. Appleby So "Competition should no longer be the main determinant of food prices"!!!!! History has shown two major systems that based food prices on something other than competition. One was the USSR and the other was China. These two system did achieve the sustainable goal of reducing the population. However, starvation may not be the most desirable way to achieve a slower population growth rate. To achieve "Sustainable Agriculture" on a finite planet with a finite solar input with an unbounded population is mathematically impossible. The question then becomes how to decrease the population growth rate. The alternatives to market competitive approaches have a history of decreasing growth by starvation and force, while the competitive approaches place such a strong benefit to high quality offspring, people have very few children (how many can you afford to get through the university) in their own self interest. What are your "alternatives to competition"? What will prevent the chosen few from using the system for their personal advantage, advantage for their children, etc.? If the non-market decision making system starts out with good ideals, what will prevent it from evolving into a self-serving system? Always keep in mind that you can form an organization with the best of intentions, made up of the "best and brightest" of a society and get the "inquisition" as an outcome. Dallas Dear Colleagues A meeting called 'What Price Cheap Food?' will be held on Monday 8th April 2002 at the University of York, UK. It is possible to attend just this meeting, or up to three others over the period from Monday 8th to Wednesday 10th April. The meeting is a satellite to the Annual Meeting of the British Society of Animal Science, and the main arrangements for accommodation and so on are being made by BSAS. Those attending the main BSAS meeting are exempt from paying a registration fee for the satellite. The other two meetings, as Jon Day indicated in his message, are of the World Poultry Science Association and the UK/Eire Region of the ISAE. More information can be found on the UK/Eire ISAE website, including a booking form for all the meetings, accommodation and meals. http://www.isaeuk.freeserve.co.uk/ The theme 'What Price Cheap Food?' is obviously topical. Pressure for cheap food production has been a major factor in many negative developments: problems for animal welfare, reduced food safety, unreliable farm incomes, pressures on small-scale producers, reduced food security, loss of competitiveness for third-world producers and environmental damage. Cheap food - or rather, apparently cheap food - involves other 'prices' that are not reflected in the monetary cost. Competition should no longer be the main determinant of food prices, and we need to find mechanisms to achieve this aim. Best wishes Mike (Dr) Vice-President Farm Animals and Sustainable Agriculture The Humane Society of the United States 2100 L Street, NW Washington, DC 20037, USA Switchboard 1 202 452 1100 Direct 1 301 258 3111 Fax 1 301 258 3081 Email mappleby@hsus.org -- Dallas E. Weaver, Ph.D. Scientific Hatcheries deweaver@gte.net 5542 Engineer Dr. 714-890-0138 Huntington Beach, CA Fax 714-890-3778 92649 -- Dallas E. Weaver, Ph.D. Scientific Hatcheries deweaver@gte.net 5542 Engineer Dr. 714-890-0138 Huntington Beach, CA Fax 714-890-3778 92649 From: IN%"rondog@btinternet.com" "Jon Bowen" 15-FEB-2002 04:10:03.28 To: IN%"deweaver@gte.net" "Dallas E. Weaver, Ph.D.", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: What Price Cheap Food? Re: What Price Cheap Food?Dallas E Weaver I think you are getting the wrong idea about the kind of competition that is being described; the discussion is not about competition for food, but competition within the markets that drive food prices. These are not the same thing because: 1) There is ample ability to overproduce so we are not in a demand driven agricultural economy. This is particularly true because in the EU the system is akin to a planned economy. The intention since WW2 has been to protect the volume of food produced in order to avoid fluctuations in supply and price. This, combined with competition from non-EU countries with lower welfare standards, has created a downward spiral of prices supported by direct subsidy to the producer. 2) Not all food produced enters the world market or even national or local markets so 'competition for food' and 'competition driven market prices' will never be the same thing in any situation where food supply is not evenly distributed. 3) The people most at threat of inadequate food supply do not have the money to participate fully in this global food market, so their intense demand for food is not capable of driving prices up. 4) We are not yet in a state of needing to consider the limitations of supply relative to population. 5) Supply and production problems in regions such as Africa have as much to do with politics as they do anything else. I therefore don't think that the argument over food vs.population is very relevant to the conference on welfare and environmental effects of low food prices, other than to say that in some cases low food prices are leading to environmental damage in countries where subsistence needs are being crushed by the desire to get foreign currency through selling inedible cash crops. I think the proposition of the meeting is that current forms of competition within the agricultural market are unsatisfactory, not that competition is itself a bad thing. So far the best means of controlling population has been the education of women and their participation in the professional labour market. Jon From: IN%"JJCooper@dmu.ac.uk" "Jonathan Cooper" 15-FEB-2002 10:28:13.32 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "ISAE (E-mail)" Subj: ISAE Abstracts Deadline Reminder. March 1st 2002. Forwarded from conferance organisers. My apologies if you have received this already. Jonathan Dear colleague This is a reminder. We apologize if you receive this message more than once! This is to notify that the deadline for abstract submission for the 36th International Congress of the ISAE is nearing. Please forward this message to all interested in Applied Ethology. 1st March 2002 Deadline for submission of abstracts (see www.isae2002.org) Following is the update of the second announcement sent out in December 2001: We are very pleased to invite you to attend the 36th International Congress of the ISAE that will be held from August 6-10, 2002, in Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands. All information can be found at www.isae2002.org We look forward to welcoming you at a high quality congress facility where th e latest in applied ethology research will be presented. Please see also the introduction at www.isae2002.org The scientific program will include plenary, parallel and poster sessions. We are happy to tell you that Prof. Frederick M. Toates accepted our invitation to present the Wood-Gush memorial lecture. The programme will focus on the following main topics in animal behaviour and welfare: 1. Aquaculture and fish. Subjects: perception, cognitive abilities, sensory systems, stress & health, killing of fish. 2. The relevance of natural behaviour. Subjects: natural behaviour: essential or a luxury, reduction of stress by natural behaviours, implementation in practice. 3. Integration of research on human welfare and animal welfare. Subjects: neurobiology of depression, anxiety, addiction, social and conduct disorders, stereotyped behaviours, chronic stress. 4. Behaviour and welfare assessment in farm animals. Subjects: behavioural indicators, validation, monitoring, animal oriented, models. Please see also the congress program at www.isae2002.org Global provisional program ISAE 2002 December 2001 Second Announcement/Call for abstracts 1 March 2002 Deadline for submission of abstracts 1 May 2002 Deadline resubmission, Third announcement & Registration 15 May 2002 Deadline registration with discount 15 June 2002 Final announcement & Registration Deadline 6-10 August 2002 Congres ISAE 2002, Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands Please see also the provisional program at www.isae2002.org Workshops There is room for a number of workshops (4-6) to be organised by participants. Preferably workshops should be directed at topics not covered in recent years. Workshops are not intended to be mini-symposia in which several lectures are given. Rather they should be directed at discussing topics in a small setting. We are very keen to stimulate discussions so we would like to invite you all to think of topics/themes for workshops. Please see also workshop information at www.isae2002.org . If you wish to organise a workshop please contact Dr. Ruud van den Bos (r.vandenbos@las.vet.uu.nl) for more information. Abstracts General Instructions. A Special Issue of Applied Animal Behaviour Science will be published after the conference. Please indicate (during abstract submission) whether you would like to see your contribution to be part of this Special Issue. However, we are primarily interested in reviews or theoretical papers rather than standard reports of experiments. The conference booklet will not contain an ISBN number to avoid submission problems with journals such as Animal Behaviour. Abstract submission If you want to submit an abstract for this conference, please use the Following abstract guidelines: * max. 300 words * Please insert a blank line in between all parts of the abstract, e.g. before the Acknowledgements. * Avoid using special characters or any other special 'effects'. They will not be considered! * Abstracts should be based on data. Please see also abstract submission and information at www.isae2002.org . Congress Venue ISAE 2002 will be held in Hotel Zuiderduin (www.zuiderduin.nl) which is located near Egmond aan Zee, about 100 m from the beach at the North Sea coast. Egmond aan Zee is in the province of Noord-Holland at 1 hr from Schiphol Airport (detailed transport information will be given at the website). The cosy city centre of the former fishing place is at walking distance. Nearby are the natural dune area, the rich history and culture of Alkmaar and the typical Dutch Polderland. Hotel Zuiderduin comprises a large number of conference- and meeting rooms as well as 350 modern single and double rooms. You can acquire information about other accommodations from the tourist bureau at http://www.noord-holland-tourist.nl/nl/alkmaareo/ Other conferences you may attend in the same timeframe in Europe are: Measuring behaviour 2002 (http://www.noldus.com/events/mb2002/index.html) Behavioural biology 2002 (http://www.behaviour2002.de/) In addition to the interesting ISAE 2002 Congress you are invited to participate in the ISAE social events and excursions and to experience the beauty of Dutch culture, art, nature and architecture. . Please see also the social programme at www.isae2002.org Direct your questions concerning Organization to h.j.blokhuis@id.dlo.nl Scientific matters to berry.spruijt@etho.vh.wau.nl Web site to paul.koene@etho.vh.wau.nl General information to contact@isae2002.org From: IN%"JJCooper@dmu.ac.uk" "Jonathan Cooper" 15-FEB-2002 10:28:14.09 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "ISAE (E-mail)" Subj: ISAE Abstracts Deadline Reminder. March 1st 2002. Forwarded from conferance organisers. My apologies if you have received this already. Jonathan Dear colleague This is a reminder. We apologize if you receive this message more than once! This is to notify that the deadline for abstract submission for the 36th International Congress of the ISAE is nearing. Please forward this message to all interested in Applied Ethology. 1st March 2002 Deadline for submission of abstracts (see www.isae2002.org) Following is the update of the second announcement sent out in December 2001: We are very pleased to invite you to attend the 36th International Congress of the ISAE that will be held from August 6-10, 2002, in Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands. All information can be found at www.isae2002.org We look forward to welcoming you at a high quality congress facility where th e latest in applied ethology research will be presented. Please see also the introduction at www.isae2002.org The scientific program will include plenary, parallel and poster sessions. We are happy to tell you that Prof. Frederick M. Toates accepted our invitation to present the Wood-Gush memorial lecture. The programme will focus on the following main topics in animal behaviour and welfare: 1. Aquaculture and fish. Subjects: perception, cognitive abilities, sensory systems, stress & health, killing of fish. 2. The relevance of natural behaviour. Subjects: natural behaviour: essential or a luxury, reduction of stress by natural behaviours, implementation in practice. 3. Integration of research on human welfare and animal welfare. Subjects: neurobiology of depression, anxiety, addiction, social and conduct disorders, stereotyped behaviours, chronic stress. 4. Behaviour and welfare assessment in farm animals. Subjects: behavioural indicators, validation, monitoring, animal oriented, models. Please see also the congress program at www.isae2002.org Global provisional program ISAE 2002 December 2001 Second Announcement/Call for abstracts 1 March 2002 Deadline for submission of abstracts 1 May 2002 Deadline resubmission, Third announcement & Registration 15 May 2002 Deadline registration with discount 15 June 2002 Final announcement & Registration Deadline 6-10 August 2002 Congres ISAE 2002, Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands Please see also the provisional program at www.isae2002.org Workshops There is room for a number of workshops (4-6) to be organised by participants. Preferably workshops should be directed at topics not covered in recent years. Workshops are not intended to be mini-symposia in which several lectures are given. Rather they should be directed at discussing topics in a small setting. We are very keen to stimulate discussions so we would like to invite you all to think of topics/themes for workshops. Please see also workshop information at www.isae2002.org . If you wish to organise a workshop please contact Dr. Ruud van den Bos (r.vandenbos@las.vet.uu.nl) for more information. Abstracts General Instructions. A Special Issue of Applied Animal Behaviour Science will be published after the conference. Please indicate (during abstract submission) whether you would like to see your contribution to be part of this Special Issue. However, we are primarily interested in reviews or theoretical papers rather than standard reports of experiments. The conference booklet will not contain an ISBN number to avoid submission problems with journals such as Animal Behaviour. Abstract submission If you want to submit an abstract for this conference, please use the Following abstract guidelines: * max. 300 words * Please insert a blank line in between all parts of the abstract, e.g. before the Acknowledgements. * Avoid using special characters or any other special 'effects'. They will not be considered! * Abstracts should be based on data. Please see also abstract submission and information at www.isae2002.org . Congress Venue ISAE 2002 will be held in Hotel Zuiderduin (www.zuiderduin.nl) which is located near Egmond aan Zee, about 100 m from the beach at the North Sea coast. Egmond aan Zee is in the province of Noord-Holland at 1 hr from Schiphol Airport (detailed transport information will be given at the website). The cosy city centre of the former fishing place is at walking distance. Nearby are the natural dune area, the rich history and culture of Alkmaar and the typical Dutch Polderland. Hotel Zuiderduin comprises a large number of conference- and meeting rooms as well as 350 modern single and double rooms. You can acquire information about other accommodations from the tourist bureau at http://www.noord-holland-tourist.nl/nl/alkmaareo/ Other conferences you may attend in the same timeframe in Europe are: Measuring behaviour 2002 (http://www.noldus.com/events/mb2002/index.html) Behavioural biology 2002 (http://www.behaviour2002.de/) In addition to the interesting ISAE 2002 Congress you are invited to participate in the ISAE social events and excursions and to experience the beauty of Dutch culture, art, nature and architecture. . Please see also the social programme at www.isae2002.org Direct your questions concerning Organization to h.j.blokhuis@id.dlo.nl Scientific matters to berry.spruijt@etho.vh.wau.nl Web site to paul.koene@etho.vh.wau.nl General information to contact@isae2002.org