From: IN%"OMQ100@mercury.anglia.ac.uk" "Orla M Quinn" 1-FEB-1997 08:51:07.01 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Introduction Well I just would like to introduce myself as I am new to this email line . My name is Orla Quinn and I am a first year student of Anglia Polytechnic University, Cambridge, England . Where I am studying : BSc (Hons) Animal Behaviour and Environmental Biology . My reasons for joining this line was because of the curiosity I have about the career choice I am trying to make . If any one could give me some more definate ideas of the sort of fields that I would be eligible to take with this degree I would much appreciate it . Many Thanks Orla Quinn email: omq100@mercury.anglia.ac.uk From: IN%"haussman@rs4703.ansc1.uni-hohenheim.de" "HANS HAUSSMANN" 2-FEB-1997 12:34:33.03 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: How many cattle eats homo? Has anybody a reference at hand about how many calfs/cows/bulls are slaughtered in the world each year? Regards ___________________ ,--¬_ Hans Haussmann haussman@hh.as.uni-hohenheim.de ,;;,_ ____/ /|/ Institute for Animal Husbandry and Animal Breeding ;; ( )___, ) ' (Institut fuer Tierhaltung und Tierzuechtung) ,' // V\__ University of Hohenheim, Germany _ / \ / \ Fax + 49 711 459 4239 ¬ ¬ ' Fon + 49 711 459 2476 (3006) ___________________ Mail 470/HG, Uni Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart I am professor for animal genetics (born 38) but now more interested in animal behaviour / husbandry / welfare. From: IN%"jon.cooper@zoology.oxford.ac.uk" 3-FEB-1997 03:27:01.34 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Sebanddirkwhereareyou? Does anyone have email addresses for Sebastien McBride and Dirk Lebelt, or if either of you are lurking out there it would be good to hear from you. Cheers Jonathan Jonathan Cooper Animal Behaviour Research Group Department of Zoology South Parks Rd. Oxford OX1 3PS U.K. Tel 01865 271217 Fax 01865 310447 From: IN%"SED1502@ed.sac.ac.uk" 3-FEB-1997 03:30:01.83 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Behavioral "test" for lambs? I am currently studying for an MSc in Applied Animal Behaviour and Animal Welfare at the University of Edinburgh. At present I am trying to propose ways of assessing chronic pain experienced by lambs following castration. Ideally I am looking for a behavioura l"test" which will evoke behaviour in lambs and which may produce a different response in an uncastrated lamb as compared to one experiencing chronic pain. If anybody has any ideas I would be grateful if they could send them to me direct: SED1502@ed.sac.ac.uk (or enter them on the network). From: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net" "Robin E Walker" 3-FEB-1997 04:38:36.97 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Behavioral "test" for lambs? >I am currently studying for an MSc in Applied Animal Behaviour and Animal >Welfare at the University of Edinburgh. At present I am trying to propose >ways of assessing chronic pain experienced by lambs following castration. >Ideally I am looking for a behavioura l"test" which will evoke behaviour in >lambs and which may produce a different response in an uncastrated lamb as >compared to one experiencing chronic pain. If anybody has any ideas I >would be grateful if they could send them to me direct: >SED1502@ed.sac.ac.uk (or enter them on the network). > How are they being castrated? Surgically or Ischaemicly (rubber band)? Will you compare the former with the latter? or will you have access to a large control group of uncastrated lambs and a market for a glut of rams? In the case of the corgi puppy which is tail "docked" with a band instead of the "knife", experienced breeders and judges have told me that they can tell which method was used by a curvature of the "topline" in the banded individuals. My untested guess has been that chronic postural avoidance behaviour (holding the pelvis tilted down due to chronic pain) can bring about a postural deformity at a time of very rapid growth. So you photograph your lambs (whilst suckling perhaps) agaist a grid. It may be that chronic scrotal/testicular pain in the ishaemic situation is manifested by affected gait. In which case the track of hind feet down a runway with perhaps a dye on the hooves, might show a tendency to walk with the hindlegs rather father apart than before or for longer compared with the "cut" lambs. This is pure conjecture..but it seems an important project. Robin Walker From: IN%"ilsmith@utkux.utcc.utk.edu" "Ione Smith" 3-FEB-1997 04:53:38.40 To: IN%"SED1502@ed.sac.ac.uk" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: Behavioral "test" for lambs? Terence-- There are probably many papers out there on the subject of post-surgical pain in lambs, but here's three I've got in my database, in case you haven't seen them yet. Fell, L. R., & Shutt, D. A. (1989). Behavioural and hormonal responses to acute surgical stress in sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 22(3-4), 283-294. Shutt, D. A., Fell, L. R., Connell, R., & Bell, A. K. (1988). Stress responses in lambs docked and castrated surgically or by the application of rubber rings. Aust Vet J, 65(1), 5-7. Shutt, D. A., Fell, L. R., Connell, R., Bell, A. K., Wallace, C. A., & Smith, A. I. (1987). Stress-induced changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin and cortisol in response to routine surgical procedures in lambs. Aust J Biol Sci, 40(1), 97-103. -- Ione ================================================== http://funnelweb.utcc.utk.edu/~ilsmith/ethics.html for all sides of the AR/AW/anti-AR debate http://funnelweb.utcc.utk.edu/~ilsmith/stereo.html the stereotypical behaviors database --under construction--all additions welcomed!-- ================================================== From: IN%"bmduys@bio.vu.nl" 3-FEB-1997 06:11:34.09 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Xenotransplantations I am a oecology student at the Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. I am looking for information about xenotransplantations. I would be grateful if somebody could send some information about this subject. bmduys@bio.vu.nl From: IN%"VetBehav@aol.com" 3-FEB-1997 06:14:21.54 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: questions on electric shock collars Dear colleagues, I am a behaviorist interested in behaviour modification devices for dogs and cats. I have a few thoughts and questions about electric shock collars. 1o Is voltage the only parameter to consider in order to evaluate stress induced by e-shock collars ? 2o Can an anti-barking be considered as an aversive stimulus that may be controlled by the dog or not ? - in some experimental trials, a shock is given to dog, and the dog can stop the shock by triggering a lever. - but here, with an anti-barking collar, the shock is designed to induce a non-action (silence), and not and action (triggering of a lever) I personnaly think that the dog cannot escape or even control the shock by "choosing" silence, but I would like to hear your comments ! Thanks a lot by advance, Laurent Gadot, behaviorist, France From: IN%"MAPPLEBY@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk" "Mike Appleby" 3-FEB-1997 06:23:15.85 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"SED1502@ed.sac.ac.uk" Subj: Behavioural tests for pain after castration Dear Terry and others, I think Robin's suggestion was a good one: > It may be that chronic scrotal/testicular pain in the ishaemic > situation is manifested by affected gait. In which case the track > of hind feet down a runway with perhaps a dye on the hooves, might > show a tendency to walk with the hindlegs rather farther apart than > before or for longer compared with the "cut" lambs. Another way of looking at this would be the 'pressure pad' analysis of gait being carried out at the Roslin Institute, near Edinburgh, on poultry and at Aberdeen on, I think, pigs and poultry, and maybe at other places too. The runways used for poultry might even be big enough for lambs without modification. Mike From: IN%"Henrik.B.Simonsen@ihh.kvl.dk" "Henrik B Simonsen" 3-FEB-1997 06:53:00.67 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: slaughter without stunning Dear all. In Denmark we are at the moment discussing slughter methods without stunning. Obviously there is a discrepancy in views on the cause of loss of conciousness. According to the report from The Farm Animal Welfare Council in UK (London 1985: Her Majesty's Stationary office) the sudden fall in pressure of the cerebro-spinal fluid and not the anoxia following reduction in the flow of blood to the brain causes the animal to collapse. This view is contradictionary to the view of Blackmore and Delany ( Publication No. 118 Vet. Cont. Education, Massey University Palmerston North, NZ, 1988) according to which the onset of permanent insensibility is due to cerebral anoxia associated with a lack of supply of blood to the brain. Does anybody know the right answer: Is it low pressure or low oxygen which causes the loss of conciousness. In my opinion the answer is important in relation to the welfare evaluation of slaughter without stunning. Best wishes to all from Henrik B. Simonsen Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Division of Ethology and health Blowsvej 13 DK 1870 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark E-mail: hbs@kvl.dk From: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net" "Robin E Walker" 3-FEB-1997 10:27:08.37 To: IN%"Henrik.B.Simonsen@ihh.kvl.dk", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: slaughter without stunning >Dear all. > >In Denmark we are at the moment discussing slughter methods without >stunning. > >Obviously there is a discrepancy in views on the cause of loss of >conciousness. According to the report from The Farm Animal Welfare >Council in UK (London 1985: Her Majesty's Stationary office) the sudden >fall in pressure of the cerebro-spinal fluid and not the anoxia following >reduction in the flow of blood to the brain causes the animal to collapse. > >This view is contradictionary to the view of Blackmore and Delany ( >Publication No. 118 Vet. Cont. Education, Massey University Palmerston >North, NZ, 1988) according to which the onset of permanent insensibility is >due to cerebral anoxia associated with a lack of supply of blood to the >brain. > >Does anybody know the right answer: Is it low pressure or low oxygen >which causes the loss of conciousness. In my opinion the answer is >important in relation to the welfare evaluation of slaughter without stunning. Two points of intereest here. There was at one time considerable controversy in France when it was noted that the human brain cells in default of glucose can function to an extent with the aid of fructose. At once the idea was mooted that the human "guillotined" head might be able to "think" after the blade parted it from the body! Two situations posibly throw some light on the proposition. It was my own experience of being strangled during Judo lessons as an undergraduate, by a terrifying Japanese Tokyo Police instructor with a 3rd Dan, which first led me to consider this issue. I noticed that occasionally when he seized his victim and drew the jodogi collar across the throat by crossing each lapel, (whilst hissing "going to down..So!") that often the stranglee struggled endlessly and in fact never lost consciousness. On other occasions the pressure seemed to be applied "just right" and the person fell insensible in about two seconds! On researching this I came to the conclusion that the happy chance of applying pressure precisely to the carotid sinus/bodies on both sides of the neck could induce a very rapid message to the brain that blood pressure was critically high. Vasomotor adjustment corporeally led to a massive fall in BP and the victim fainted. I refused to engage in this "waza" at any price and I believe to this day that occasion fatalities have occurred when the rapidly insensible victim is unable to signal submission to an assailant who happens to be lying on top. This accidental "garotting" occurs to people strangling themselves in the shower for autoerotic purposes, and sometimes to children in harnesses in buggies and at least one burglar who caught his collar on a window catch when he slipped his footing. Death ensues before any struggle to survive can occur. *But this appies to humans. A question of some importance is the vertebral arterial supply to the brain which is not severed by a cut which is deep enough to part the carotids (inner and outer)_ and the trachea. Perhaps in some species this fraction of the cerebral circulation is significant. Here some inference might be drawn form the speed with which humans and animals are overcome by total immersion in CO2 vapour in undergrown workings, vats and in pooled "marshdamp" in certain environments. * A kennel lady garottted a full grown English Mastiff in my clinic by twisting its collar tightly. There was no sound nor movement just sudden urination! It took just 2 to 3 seconds. From: IN%"horikawa@iexas.med.osaka-u.ac.jp" 3-FEB-1997 18:10:15.07 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: post oprative pain I am vet and a student at Osaka Unversity Medical School. I am looking for infomation about post oprative pain with rodents. I would be happy if somebody could send some information about this subject. Especially the topics of relation of pain and animal behavior. However, I have been studing Frecknell's reserch. **************************************************************************** Yoko Horikawa The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences(IEXAS) Osaka University Medical School 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, Japan 565 horikawa@iexas.med.osaka-u.ac.jp **************************************************************************** From: IN%"richards@hula.net" 3-FEB-1997 21:14:44.48 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: equine facial expressions Try these 2 books: The Body Language of Horses, by Tom Ainslie and Bonnie Ledbetter Wm Morrow & Co. 1980 Horse Watching, by Desmond Morris, Crown Pub, 1988 Also, various equine magazines periodically run articles on facial/ear expressions, such a "Practical Horseman", "Equus", and "Horse and Rider". Most tack stores have backlists of magazines available, which you could browse through. Linda-Tellington Jones has a new book out also, which is somewhat controversial. You could also post to Equine-L for more info. Dawn From: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" "Frank Odberg" 4-FEB-1997 02:38:22.63 To: IN%"Henrik.B.Simonsen@ihh.kvl.dk" "Henrik B Simonsen" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: slaughter without stunning Henrik, Bert Lambooij has more recent details. His code: e.lambooij@id.dlo.nl Frank Prof.Dr. Frank O. Odberg University of Ghent Dpt. of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Production and Ethology Heidestraat 19 B-9820 Merelbeke Belgium tel: +32-(0)9-2521941 fax: 5304 From: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" "Frank Odberg" 4-FEB-1997 02:40:55.92 To: IN%"Henrik.B.Simonsen@ihh.kvl.dk" "Henrik B Simonsen" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: slaughter without stunning Henrik, Bert Lambooij has more recent details. His code: e.lambooij@id.dlo.nl Frank Prof.Dr. Frank O. Odberg University of Ghent Dpt. of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Production and Ethology Heidestraat 19 B-9820 Merelbeke Belgium tel: +32-(0)9-2521941 fax: 5304 From: IN%"SED1502@ed.sac.ac.uk" 4-FEB-1997 03:36:50.00 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: "Chronic pain in lambs" Thanks for your suggestions. Perhaps I should give some more background of my proposal to date. This proposal will be part of a study by Vince Molony on further refinements for more humane methods of castration (comparisons of surgical/burdizzo/ring methods have been carried out in previous years). Last year as part of the study lambs were subjected to an "open field test", but isolation distress was a major problem. I had thought of assessing gait and utilising the technology available at Roslin, but unfortunately recalibrationg of their "pedobariograph" apparatus would not be feasible in the time involved ie: spring 97. Would it be advisable to test both twins (one rubber ring catrated the other uncastrated) at the same time and in the presence of their mother, with for example a "box" to climb onto? Or would this have confounding effects on the analysis of data? Could the two test approaches of gait and play be combined in seeing how they respond to a `box' which could measure the stresses exerted by their limbs? Any further suggestions/comments would be gratefully appreciated From: IN%"marithe@mandic.com.br" "maria thereza" 4-FEB-1997 05:00:58.90 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: equine facial expressions > >>Try these 2 books: >> >>The Body Language of Horses, by Tom Ainslie and Bonnie Ledbetter >>Wm Morrow & Co. 1980 >> >>Horse Watching, by Desmond Morris, Crown Pub, 1988 >> >>Also, various equine magazines periodically run articles on facial/ear >>expressions, such a "Practical Horseman", "Equus", and >>"Horse and Rider". Most tack stores have backlists of magazines available, >>which you could browse through. >> >>Linda-Tellington Jones has a new book out also, which is somewhat >>controversial. You could also post to Equine-L for more info. >> >>Dawn >> >> >>And for dogs ? Ate there any material ? maria thereza cera galvao do amaral veterinarian (medica veterinaria ) maria.thereza@mandic.com.br marithe@mandic.com.br ( POP ) Sao Paulo - Brasil From: IN%"102234.510@CompuServe.COM" "Sabine Van den Weghe" 4-FEB-1997 06:11:27.59 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" "INTERNET:applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: slaughter without stunning Dear Henrik, I cannot answer your question but I may give you the hint that in the 80th, F. Ellendorff carried out an experimental study on different slaughter methods. As I started studying during that time by solving a practical term at that Institute I did not understand the scientific background. The only thing I know is that there were electrodes implanted to the brain of young bulls in order to detect the reaction of three different methods of slaughter, one of which was what we call 'schaechten' - the islamic methods. F. Ellendorff is nowadays head in commission of the german Institute of Animal Breeding and Animal Behaviour of the Agric. Research Station in Mariensee. If you are interested and have problems to get his address you may contact me again. Greetings Sabine Van den Weghe ................................................................ Kuratorium fuer Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft - KTBL Bartningstr. 49 D-64289 Darmstadt 06151-7001 149 email: 102234,510@compuserve.com From: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" "Frank Odberg" 5-FEB-1997 08:15:35.30 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: heritability programme Does anybody know whether one can find an IBM-comp PC programme (preferably on DOS) on the market which calculates heritability coefficients? Thank you! FOO Prof.Dr. Frank O. Odberg University of Ghent Dpt. of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Production and Ethology Heidestraat 19 B-9820 Merelbeke Belgium tel: +32-(0)9-2521941 fax: 5304 From: IN%"schilder@neuretp.biol.ruu.nl" 5-FEB-1997 09:44:55.05 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: facial expressions in equids Facial expressions in equids For facial expressions in the plains zebra see: Schilder, M.B.H., J.A.R.A.M. van Hooff, C.J. van Geer-Plesman &=20 J.B.Wensing,(1984) A quantitative analysis of facial expressions in the pla= ins=20 zebra. Zeitschrift fuer Tierpsychologie (now: Ethology) 66:11-32. Contains many references to other articles on this subject. dr M.B.H. Schilder From: IN%"jon.cooper@zoology.oxford.ac.uk" 6-FEB-1997 05:57:36.37 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Another query Ta very much to anyone who helped me track down Seb McBride and Dirk Lebelt. I have another question in my quest for truth and ultimate understanding. Does anyone have the address of the editor(s)/editorial office of Equine Veterinary Journal. Thanks in advance Jonathan Jonathan Cooper Animal Behaviour Research Group Department of Zoology South Parks Rd. Oxford OX1 3PS U.K. Tel 01865 271217 Fax 01865 310447 From: IN%"Beat.Wechsler@fat.admin.ch" "Beat Wechsler" 6-FEB-1997 06:21:30.03 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Dear all, I have a new address: Beat Wechsler Swiss Federal Veterinary Office Testing Station for Animal Housing Systems CH-8356 Taenikon Switzerland e-mail: Beat.Wechsler@fat.admin.ch FAX: ++41 52 365 11 90 Phone: ++41 52 368 31 31 Best wishes, Beat Wechsler From: IN%"imiuvezo@imiucca.csi.unimi.it" "Istituto di Zootecnica Veterinaria" 6-FEB-1997 07:01:23.25 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: veal calf identification Dear all, we are going to start a trial on welfare of veal calves kept in groups at different stocking densities. We will use a black/white time-lapse video recording system over a 24 hours period (with an I.R. projector during the night). Our problem is to identify each calf individually. Ear tags are not enough to identify the animals in all possible positions during day and night. May anyone give us useful suggestions to solve this problem? Thank you! Elisabetta Canali From: IN%"William_R_STRICKLIN@umail.umd.edu" 6-FEB-1997 07:33:38.65 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: veal calf identification Paint (or use hair dye or bleach) to produce unique "bar codes" (stripes) across the back of each calf. Ray Stricklin Department of Animal and Avain Sciences University of Maryland >Dear all, >we are going to start a trial on welfare of veal calves kept in groups at >different stocking densities. We will use a black/white time-lapse video >recording system over a 24 hours period (with an I.R. projector during the >night). Our problem is to identify each calf individually. Ear tags are not >enough to identify the animals in all possible positions during day and >night. May anyone give us useful suggestions to solve this problem? >Thank you! >Elisabetta Canali > From: IN%"imiuvezo@imiucca.csi.unimi.it" "Istituto di Zootecnica Veterinaria" 6-FEB-1997 09:07:14.17 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Dear All, we remember you that the deadline for abstract submission for WEVA (World Equine Veterinary Association) congress is 28th of February 1997. This year for the first time there is the opportunity to present papers or posters about horse behaviour and welfare. Papers or posters about horse transport could be presented in the session: Movement of animals and infectious diseases=94, while works more in general about horse welfare, management and legislation throughout the world should be sent for a debate concerning these topics. Works regarding projects on horse welfare and transport for the next Olympic Games in Australia are really welcome. Abstracts should be typed in English and about 20 lines, 80 columns. Please send your abstract to the Organizing Secretariat CSR Congressi by e-mail: csrcongressi@pt.tizeta.it by fax: +39 51 765195 by mail: CSR Congressi. Via Ugo Bassi 13-1-40121 Bologna BO - Italy. Registration to the meeting include the possibility to pay the fee only for one day if interested. For additional information about the congress, please read WEVA 97 on Internet http://www.finsystem.it/weva97 Best Regards Michela Minero, Elisabetta Canali Istituto di Zootecnica, Medicina Veterinaria, Milano. From: IN%"maryb@lab0.vet.ed.ac.uk" "Mary Booth" 6-FEB-1997 10:29:22.94 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Re:calf identification Dear Elisabetta, The answer will depend on the coat colour of your calves! If they are black and white each will have a personal ID written all over it, just make out ID cards with both side views and a view of the head from the front. The person who will analyse the films should draw the patterns on these cards so that they are familiar with the animals. It should also work under IR lighting as the black and white areas will emit heat at different rates. I used this system and it worked well with 5 animals in each pen. If the animals are pale in colour then ID letters or numbers can be painted on both sides of the body, proprietory markers should be easily available from farm stores. Black or dark coloured animals are more of a challenge but collars of different physical patterns may be an option. Mike Appleby would be a good contact for this re- red deer ID. I tried using human preparations for bleaching the hair of black cattle but they mostly turned a very attractive auburn colour which was no good for video ID. Some studies of wild zebra have used bright yellow paint, maybe someone can help you with a source for this. There are now some rubber based paints designed for use in animal houses and which are therefore non toxic when dry but I don't know which solvents are used so they may be an irritant. A zoo list may be able to help with this. Best of luck, Mary B. Mary E. Booth MaryB@lab0.vet.ed.ac.uk note @lab zero, not lab Oh. From: IN%"gadagkar@is2.dal.ca" "Sudhindra Gadagkar" 6-FEB-1997 17:07:19.26 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied-Ethology" CC: Subj: Looking for newsgroups etc. Dear all, I am looking for suggestions. I should be finished with my Ph.D. in a few months. I have looked at agonism in fish (tilapia) in relation to growth rate and growth rate variation in competitive and non-competitive macroenvironments. The study includes estimation of heritabilities and breeding values for the traits, and also the calculation of selection intensities on behaviour when selection for rapid growth is taking place. I have developed and used microsatellite primers which I used for pedigree identification of my fish. The calculation of genetic variances and breeding values is by using the animal model and a set of computer programs called MTDFREML (Multiple Trait Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood). I have finished with the lab work and have been playing around with the data, and hope to be finished some time this spring. My question is, does anybody have any suggestions about which newsgroups I could look at for post-doc positions or employment in more or less the same line of work. Doesn't have to be fish, and can be anywhere. I have recently sent my resume to a few people whose names and addresses I came across in my literature search. But I would like to reach out wider. Any suggestions is most welcome, and thanks very much for your time. Sudhindra Gadagkar. From: IN%"k9acad@iafrica.com" 7-FEB-1997 00:15:50.76 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: WEVA 97 > we remember you that the deadline for abstract submission for WEVA (World > Equine Veterinary Association) congress is 28th of February 1997. > > This year for the first time there is the opportunity to present papers or > posters about horse behaviour and welfare. > Papers or posters about horse transport could be presented in the session: > =93Movement of animals and infectious diseases=94, while works more in= > general > about horse welfare, management and legislation throughout the world should > be sent for a debate concerning these topics. Works regarding projects on > horse welfare and transport for the next Olympic Games in Australia are > really welcome. > > Abstracts should be typed in English and about 20 lines, 80 columns. Please > send your abstract to the Organizing Secretariat CSR Congressi > =B7 by e-mail: csrcongressi@pt.tizeta.it > =B7 by fax: +39 51 765195 > =B7 by mail: CSR Congressi. Via Ugo Bassi 13-1-40121 Bologna BO - Italy. > =20 > Registration to the meeting include the possibility to pay the fee only for > one day if interested. > For additional information about the congress, please read WEVA 97 on > Internet http://www.finsystem.it/weva97 > Michela Minero, Elisabetta Canali > Istituto di Zootecnica, Medicina Veterinaria, Milano. Please can you let me know the date of the congress and where it will be held Thank you ********************************************************** NAME : GLYNNE ANDERSON ADDRESS: Canine Academy 32 Hospital Rd., Hillcrest 3610, KwaZula Natal, South Africa. TEL/FAX: (031) 751958 E-mail : k9acad@iafrica.com WWW : http://webzonel.co.uk/www/apbc ********************************************************** From: IN%"j.talling@csl.gov.uk" 7-FEB-1997 08:51:27.04 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: (no subject) Dear All I have just rejoined the applied ethology bulletin board after several months of absence, due to that between contracts syndrome, ie no job. For those who do not know I have changed my name from Spensley to Talling. For my PhD research I investigated how pigs perceive sound, ie is it aversive and various other questions related to welfare. I am now working at the Central Science Laboratory, near YORK, with the wide ranging job title of animal welfare scientist. For one project which I am carrying out I need to measure heart rate, behaviour and cortisol in small mammals. We are contemplating taking saliva samples from the animals, eg rabbits, using a cotton bud. But we need to know 1) how much saliva would we need to collect to be able to measure cortisol by ELISA? 2) How do you extract the sample from the cotton bud Thanks for your help. Dr. Janet Talling From: IN%"rushenj@EM.AGR.CA" "Jeff Rushen" 7-FEB-1997 10:40:31.81 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Animal Welfare Symposium FARM ANIMAL WELFARE: NEW TECHNOLOGIES, RESEARCH AND WORLD TRADE IN CANADA Symposium on Farm Animal Welfare and Behaviour organized by the Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre and the Canadian Expert Committe on Farm Animal Welfare and Behaviour, in collaboration with the Canadian Agri-Food Research Council and the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Branch Bishop's University, Centennial Theatre, Lennoxville, Quebec June 6th, 1997 PROGRAM 9:00Opening of the day: welcome from the director of Lennoxville Centre Jean-Marc Deschenes 9:05International trade agreements and animal welfare Daniel Burgoyne 9:45Domestic animals' fear of humans and the effect on their welfare Jeffrey Rushen, Allison Taylor and Anne-Marie de Passille 10:25Break 10:55 Segregated early weaning and welfare of piglets Suzanne Robert, Dan Weary and Harold Gonyou 11:35Management of spent hens Ruth Newberry, Bruce Webster, Nora Lewis and a representative from the poultry industry 12:15Lunch plus 10' presentation on the codes of practice (Jim Dalrymple) 13:45Farm animal transport regulations in Canada and abroad Anne-Marie de Passille, Alain Moreau and Gordon Doonan 14h05 Farm animal transportation, health and welfare Renee Bergeron and Nora Lewis 14h30The effects of transport on animal welfare and meat quality Shannon Scott and Al Schaefer 14:55Break 15:25New and emerging technologies within the livestock industries and their welfare implications Joe Stookey, in collaboration with Gordon Counkel (dairy), Jim McGee (beef), Edouard Asnung (swine), Denis Frenette (poultry) and Joy Ripley (humane movement) 16:55Look into the future of animal welfare in Canada Frank Hurnik 17:30Cocktail and BBQ REGISTRATION:Please contact Lorraine Isabelle by telephone (819) 565-9174 ext. 106, fax (819) 564-5507 or e-mail: ISABELLEL@EM.AGR.CA, to obtain a registration package or send her your cheque with your name and address to the Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre. Payment must be made to: La Fondation quebecoise pour la recherche en agro-foresterie. The registration fee is 60$ before May 23rd, 1997 and 75$ after that date. The symposium will be preceeded by the annual meeting of the Canadian Expert Committee on Farm Animal Welfare and Behaviour (June 5) and followed by a one-day meeting of the North-American section of the International Society of Applied Ethology (June 7). These two meetings will take place at the Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre located in Lennoxville. During the ISAE meeting, research scientists in farm animal welfare and behaviour will present their most recent research results. For more information, please contact: Drs Suzanne Robert or Anne-Marie de Passille Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada P.O. Box 90 - 2000, Route 108 East Lennoxville, QC J1M 1Z3 Telephone: (819) 565-9174, Dr. S. Robert at ext.219 or Dr. A.M. de Passille at ext. 250 Fax: (819) 564-5507 E-mail: ROBERTS@EM.AGR.CA or DEPASSILLEAM@EM.AGR.CA From: IN%"striquer@sercomtel.com.br" "Francisco Striquer Soares" 7-FEB-1997 14:37:04.90 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: thanks for all! Hi! I would like to thank for all the peaple the answer my help about wild bird. From: IN%"scrozier@iinet.net.au" "SHANE CROZIER" 9-FEB-1997 00:56:19.54 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Introduction Greetings to all My name is Shane Crozier. I am 27 years old, have been instructing for about 1 yr, and have been training my own dogs for some time beforehand. I am very pleased to be in touch with you all as I am a "junior" instructor at a Western Australian Dog Obedience Club ( Northern Suburbs Training and Obedience Dog Club ) and hope that your experience and the forum of the mailing list will help me to better service their needs, as well as my own curiosity. Most of my "experience" is practical and very little "theoretical", so please excuse me if I "lurk" for the majority of the time. regards Shane ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Shane Crozier 7 Figtree Place +619 377 4644 Beechboro WA AUSTRALIA 6053 Home: scrozier@iinet.net.au Work: shcr@dct.wa.gov.au ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IN%"herrmann@wiz.uni-kassel.de" 10-FEB-1997 02:16:09.06 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: origin of cattle Dear all, I am looking for information about the origin of catlle. In particular I am interested in the habitat were the ancestors of domesticated cattle lived. Were they for example a woodland species or more from the open plains. Thanks for Your engagement Hannes Dr. Hans-Joachim Herrmann Nordecker Stra=DFe 2 35469 Allendorf Germany From: IN%"Anna.Olsson@sjv.se" "Anna Olsson" 10-FEB-1997 04:09:19.70 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: origin of cattle -Svar Dear Hannes, I read your posting to the ethology bulletin board, thinking "wow, this is just the thing I was asked about the other day", ie How and where did the ancestors of cattle live? So would you mind just forwarding the information you may get also to me? Thanks for the excellent guidance when we visited Witzenhausen last May! How is the work proceeding? Best wishes, Anna Olsson animal housing & welfare - organic animal husbandry Swedish Board of Agriculture Division for Animal Production and Management S-551 82 Jonkoping Sweden e-mail Anna.Olsson@sjv.se tel +46-36-155000 fax +46-36-308182 "Industrialization has transformed an agriculture created for the purpose of converting solar energy into human-useful form, into an agriculture that uses more nonrenewable energy from fossils than it captures as solar energy from the sun. But what is perhaps more important is that these industrial systems degrade their human resource base. Large specialized factory farms transform independent decision makers into people who know how to follow instructions or directions but not necessarily know how to think or make decisions." John Ikerd University of Minnesota From: IN%"shusato@bios.tohoku.ac.jp" "Shusuke SATO" 10-FEB-1997 05:05:07.83 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: cattle habitat On the habitat of ancestor cattle I am also very interested in the original habitat of cattle. I sometimes wrote the hypothesis in popular articles that cattle had evolved in the border area between woodland and plain. Cattle change their grouping with habitat. They behave in small groups or individually under unclear visual fields such as in the forest and in foggy days. And they behave in larger groups under clear view such as in the plain and in clear days. I observed feral cows in the small island in Japan. At sunrise, they started to graze in the plain and started to lie and to ruminate in the forest at 7:00-8:00. They grazed in the forest during daytime and came to the plain again around sunset. They did not escape easily in the forest than in the plain. Dr.S. Hall has never reported such behaviour of feral cattle in Chillingham. Chillingham park is smaller than my field. There are some visitors regularly in Chillingham park. Chillingham cattle may be more cautious than my cows. In addition, Asian cows and European cows have different genetical background each other. Each ancestor may have evolved under different habitat. Kimura,D.,H.Ihobe, Feral cattle on Kuchinoshima island, southwestern Japan:their stable ranging and unstable grouping. J.Ethol., 3:39-47.1985. Sato,S., The behaviour of the Kuchinosima feral cows. Anim.Sci.Technol.(Jpn.),62:390-397. 1991.(Text in Japanese and Tables, Figures, Abstract in English) ----------------------------------------------- Shusuke SATO, Ph.D. Associate Professor Laboratory of Land Ecology Graduate School of Agriculture Tohoku University Kawatabi, Narugo, Miyagi 989-67, JAPAN TEL:Int+81+229-84-7311 FAX:Int+81+229-84-6490 E-mail:shusato@kawatabi.tohoku.ac.jp ----------------------------------------------- From: IN%"tonygdog@iinet.net.au" "Tony Walker" 10-FEB-1997 06:57:25.89 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "'applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca'" CC: Subj: Pet Shop Puppies Dear All I should very much like to know whether there has been any research = carried out on the long term affect, in behavioural terms, of the = holding and sale of puppies by Pet Shops. Where I live in Perth,Western Australia there a few controls over this = practice save in terms of general human health safeguards by our Health = Department or where cruelty may be suspected by our R.S.P.C.A. Most of = the puppies sold in this State by Pet Shops, as far as I am aware, come = from 'puppy farmers' both local and interstate. Many are sourced from = Melbourne some 3 1/2 hours flying time from us. The majority are cross = breeds with some being sold as Pedigrees (without papers). I should also like to learn what legislative controls cover this = practice elsewhere. Are we in step or out of step with the rest of the = world? I hasten to add that I am neither a Pet Shop owner nor a breeder of = Purebred dogs. Tony Walker From: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" "Frank Odberg" 10-FEB-1997 08:52:55.78 To: IN%"tonygdog@iinet.net.au" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: Pet Shop Puppies In Belgium a Royal Decree will be published this year determining the conditions of licencing of pet shops, boarding kennels, cat and dog breeders and asylums for lost animals. It will concern rules of housing, management, hygiene, conditions of sale, guarantee, etc. The law is written in french and in dutch. If you need a copy I suggest you write to the secretariat of the Animal Welfare Council at the Ministry of Agriculture. Maybe you'll have to wait until it is published officially. Raad voor Dierenwelzijn Ministerie van Landbouw WTC III - 5e verdieping Bureau 37 Simon Bolivarlaan 30 B-1000 Brussel Prof.Dr. Frank O. Odberg University of Ghent Dpt. of Animal Nutrition, Genetics, Production and Ethology Heidestraat 19 B-9820 Merelbeke Belgium tel: +32-(0)9-2521941 fax: 5304 From: IN%"serpell@vet.upenn.edu" 10-FEB-1997 09:50:59.49 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Pet Shop Puppies In response to Tony Walker's query: Andrew Jagoe obtained some retrospective data on the relative prevalence of behaviour problems in dogs obtained from different sources. His findings suggested that dominance-related aggression and various fears and phobias were significantly more prevalent in dogs obtained from pet stores. The conclusion was that these effects were due to pet store puppies originating from puppy farms where there is little or no temperament evaluation of sires or dams, as well as inadequate or inappropriate early socialisation of puppies. These findings are summarised in: Serpell, J.A. & Jagoe, J.A. 1995. Early experience and the development of behaviour. In _The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People_, ed. J.A. Serpell, pp. 80-102. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. For a more detailed account you would need to refer to Andrew's PhD Thesis, "Behaviour Problems in the Domestic Dog: a Retrospective and Prospective Study to Identify Factors Influencing their Development" University of Cambridge, UK. In Britain, legislation concerning the breeding of dogs is contained in the 1973 Breeding of Dogs Act which requires licensing and regular inspection of establishments with two or more breeding bitches on the premises. In theory, this should curtail the activities of substandard breeding establishments. In practice, large scale commercial breeders find various ways round the law, and a certain amount of illegal, unlincensed puppy farming goes on. I should emphasize, however, that it is unusual in the UK to find pet stores selling puppies. In the USA, puppy farming is big business, particularly in areas where the demand for 'pedigree' puppies exceeds the supply from reputable breeders. The Humane Soc. of the US estimates that about half a million 'farmed' puppies are sold through pet stores in the USA every year, and the conditions in many of the 'farms' are evidently deplorable. In theory, all commercial breeders are licensed and subject to inspection under the Animal Welfare Act. In practice, everyone (including the USDA which is responsible for enforcing the Act) agrees that a combination of legal loopholes, and lack of USDA resources and manpower means that violations of the Act usually go unpunished and often unnoticed. Best regards, James Serpell School of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. USA. Tel: (215) 898-1004 Fax: (215) 573-6050 serpell@vet.upenn.edu From: IN%"MAPPLEBY@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk" "Mike Appleby" 10-FEB-1997 10:04:55.90 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: xenotransplantation and netiquette Dear Bianca and others You asked for information on xenografting (or xenotransplantation) - although without much specification of what exactly you wanted to know. The major area of interest is modification of pigs to allow their organs - heart, kidney or pancreas - to be transplanted into humans. One approach (used by, for example, White in Cambridge, UK) is insertion of a gene for human complement regulators into the pig genome; this gene will label the surface of pig cells so that hyperacute rejection does not occur when they are transplanted. There is no indication that the welfare of a pig with such a gene is directly compromised, although it will certainly not be treated normally - it will be delivered notobiotically and kept in very hygienic conditions. In the UK two separate committees have considered the issue and concluded that use of pigs' organs in humans would be ethically justified but that other questions (for example whether viruses could be transmitted from animals to humans) still need to be addressed. White has commented that while full consideration and regulation is appropriate, variation in regulations between countries may mean that work on xenotransplantation will progress faster in, say, the US than the UK. The following is a small selection of references which may be useful. Fabre, J.W. 1995 Nudging xenotransplantation towards humans. Nature Medicine 1: 403 404. McCurry, K.R., Kooyman, D.L., Alvarado, C.G., Cotterell, A.H., Martin, M.J., Logan, J.S. and Platt, J.L. 1995 Human complement regulatory proteins protect swine to primate cardiac xenografts from humoral injury. Nature Medicine 1: 423 427. Nuffield Council on Bioethics 1996. Animal-to-Human Transplants: the Ethics of Xenotransplantation. Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London. White, D.J.G. and Wallwork, J. 1993 Xenografting: probability, possibility or pipe dream? Lancet 342: 879 881. As a general comment, there have been a number of general, very brief appeals for information on the net recently. I sometimes respond, but I sometimes feel 'Why should I bother?' I guess that such appeals are much more likely to be productive if you, the questioner, give something to us, the readers. Give us the background to your request. Give us what you know already, so that we don't waste our time. Give us your opinion so that we can think about it and agree or disagree. And certainly give us feedback after the event. Best wishes Mike mappleby@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk From: IN%"ale@nuclecu.unam.mx" "Alejandra Valero" 10-FEB-1997 10:44:02.13 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: dog behavior To all persons with experience on dogs: I have two questions: 1) Is it true that a person can elicit an agressive response from a dog by just fearing him? Could it be due to adrenaline secretion being somehow "perceived" by the dog? 2) A friend of mine is very afraid of dogs since he got bitten by one when he was a child; how can he overcome this kind of fear? Is there a special therapy or some tricks that he can get his hands on so as to relax in the presence of dogs or even start touching them? Thanks to everyone who can answer, I would really appreciate more information on this interesting subject. Sincerely, Alejandra Valero Mexico City From: IN%"Anna.Olsson@sjv.se" "Anna Olsson" 10-FEB-1997 11:27:46.40 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: xenotransplantation and netiquette -Svar Dear Mike, Without giving any background I just want to say: thanks for a good comment on netiquette! Yours sincerely, Anna Olsson animal housing & welfare - organic animal husbandry Swedish Board of Agriculture Division for Animal Production and Management S-551 82 Jonkoping Sweden e-mail Anna.Olsson@sjv.se tel +46-36-155000 fax +46-36-308182 "Industrialization has transformed an agriculture created for the purpose of converting solar energy into human-useful form, into an agriculture that uses more nonrenewable energy from fossils than it captures as solar energy from the sun. But what is perhaps more important is that these industrial systems degrade their human resource base. Large specialized factory farms transform independent decision makers into people who know how to follow instructions or directions but not necessarily know how to think or make decisions." John Ikerd University of Minnesota From: IN%"arion@dialatlanta.com" "Chris Redenbach" 10-FEB-1997 17:07:27.61 To: IN%"ale@nuclecu.unam.mx" "Alejandra Valero" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: dog behavior Alejandra Valero wrote: > > To all persons with experience on dogs: > > I have two questions: > > 1) Is it true that a person can elicit an agressive response from a dog > by just fearing him? Could it be due to adrenaline secretion being > somehow "perceived" by the dog? > > 2) A friend of mine is very afraid of dogs since he got bitten by one > when he was a child; how can he overcome this kind of fear? Is there > a special therapy or some tricks that he can get his hands on so > as to relax in the presence of dogs or even start touching them? > > Thanks to everyone who can answer, I would really appreciate more > information on this interesting subject. > > Sincerely, > Alejandra Valero > Mexico City I notice that on this list, many people answer privately. On some other lists I belong to, answers are almost always to the whole list unless requested to be private. We are thus able to share some interesting knowledge and points of view amongst the group. So I will respond to this question publicly and would be interested in seeing the responses of others especially regarding the scent question. Dear Alejandra, 1. When a fearful person is in proximity to a dog, the person's behavior makes the dog uneasy. Dogs are very keen observers of body language and read it in minute detail. A fearful person will tense certain muscles and move in a certain way that indicates a readiness to have a "fight or flight" response to the situation. The most reasonable response for the dog to have is also a "fight or flight" response. So the individual dog's reaction may tend to be aggressive while another may appear to be nervous or timid in response to the human's behvaior. Some dogs have learned that the humans who display this behavior are fun to scare, and so they act aggressive. Others have learned that humans who seem this ambivalent may be likely to attack and so the dog decides that the best defense is a good offense. It is almost impossible for a dog not to notice fear in a human and almost impossible for a human to disguise the subtle preparations that our bodies make on a level that is really involuntary when we are afraid. As to whether the dog can smell fear. I'm sure that they can smell some body chemistry changes that are severe. In the presence of clients who are extremely afraid of their aggressive dog, even I can sometimes smell a change in body odor. But the precise range of detection that a dog can do is better answered by an expert in the field. 2. The way I have helped fearful people is to use a very calm and friendly dog who is not apprehensive about fearful people. I will do an obedience demonstration to show that the dog is well under control, and then I will ask the dog to back up next to the person so that the person can touch just the dog's back above the tail. It helps to use a small and fluffy dog who is very quiet. A large quiet dog who will stand peacefully is better than a small hyper sort of dog. If the person is still too afraid, I sometimes have them put their hand either over or under my hand and touch the dog with them to make them feel safe. touching the dog through a barrier is also a good first step for many fearful people. If I can then progress to having them hold the leash and give the dog simple commands that the dog will obey (I may hold a second leash at the same time to reinforce the person's feeling of safety), this usually gives the person some feeling of being in control of the situation on some level. I must stress that the dog must be very very stable because people who are this afraid can make a dog feel very defensive and nervous. If the dog makes a sudden or unpredictable movement, it panics the person. Beyond this, I would seek the help of a person who deals professionally with people who suffer from phobias. Chris Redenbach Alliance Dog Training School, Inc. Lawrenceville, GA From: IN%"Heeler@aol.com" 10-FEB-1997 19:44:44.18 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: dog behavior In a message dated 97-02-10 11:46:17 EST, you write: >1) Is it true that a person can elicit an agressive response from a dog > by just fearing him? Could it be due to adrenaline secretion being > somehow "perceived" by the dog? I don't think so. Dogs are wonderful readers of body language. That's how they communicate with each other. Most dog bites don't occur because the dog "smells fear" or whatever. They occur because the human offers body language that triggers the aggression. Some dogs have hair triggers, but most don't. > >2) A friend of mine is very afraid of dogs since he got bitten by one > when he was a child; how can he overcome this kind of fear? Is there > a special therapy or some tricks that he can get his hands on so > as to relax in the presence of dogs or even start touching them? Probably not. If his fear of dogs is interfering with his ability to get on in life, educating him about the body language of dogs and the body language of humans in their relations with dogs may give him some information that he can put to good use in any of his encounters with dogs and help keep him safe. It probably won't turn him into a dog lover. Cheers, Margie, NY From: IN%"jkincaid@oncomdis.on.ca" 10-FEB-1997 20:36:58.80 To: IN%"ale@nuclecu.unam.mx" "Alejandra Valero" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: dog behavior Alejandra Valero wrote: > > To all persons with experience on dogs: > > I have two questions: > > 1) Is it true that a person can elicit an agressive response from a dog > by just fearing him? Could it be due to adrenaline secretion being > somehow "perceived" by the dog? > > 2) A friend of mine is very afraid of dogs since he got bitten by one > when he was a child; how can he overcome this kind of fear? Is there > a special therapy or some tricks that he can get his hands on so > as to relax in the presence of dogs or even start touching them? > > Thanks to everyone who can answer, I would really appreciate more > information on this interesting subject. > > Sincerely, > Alejandra Valero > Mexico City Hello Alejandra: A dog senses it's world almost exclusively through scent and movement. It has been demonstated that a dog is capable of detecting one drop of scent in 5 gallons of water. Their hearing is also very acute and a fearful person usually breathes harder and faster adding both sound and movement to the dog's knowledge base. It has also been demonstrated that body chemistry changes when afraid. Thus we have a combination of scent, sound and movement which signals to the dog that the person is afraid. Your second question about what to do aabout the persons fear is more complex. does the person fear all dogs? One particular breed? One particular colour? Small dogs or large dogs Please Answer the above questions so I can give more direction as to the approach to be used. Thanks John From: IN%"bruno.graf@inw.agrl.ethz.ch" "Bruno Graf" 11-FEB-1997 03:58:20.33 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Intersucking in cattle Dear all, we recently started a research project on intersucking in dairy heifers and cows. Our main interest is focused on adult and subadult (i.e. weaned) animals performing this behaviour, however, the preceding rearing period will be noticed as well. The objective of the study is to identify causative and contributing environmental factors of intersucking. According to different database-checks there are no papers on intersucking (except in calves) published during the last 2 or 3 years (one of the latest is that one of Marek Spinka, 1992). Does anybody know papers recently published, on the way to be published or current studies? Any information, opinion or comment on intersucking (in particular in weaned cattle) is most welcome. Please contact me. Thanks Bruno Graf --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Bruno Graf Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute for Animal Sciences =09 Physiology and Animal Husbandry Group ETH Zentrum /LFW Phone: **41 1 632 33 10 CH-8092 Z=FCrich Fax: **41 1 632 13 08 Switzerland Mail: bruno.graf@inw.agrl.ethz.ch --------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IN%"MAPPLEBY@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk" "Mike Appleby" 11-FEB-1997 04:41:16.84 To: IN%"bruno.graf@inw.agrl.ethz.ch" "Bruno Graf" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: Intersucking in cattle Bruno et al. I haven't worked on intersucking in adult cattle, but I would be interested to know what position the sucking cow takes up. In our work on calves (Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 1995, 45, 1-9) those sucking from alien mothers sucked almost exclusively from behind. You say you will investigate the rearing period, and I would suggest that it will be important to follow individual sucking behaviour right through from when the animals are sucking their own mothers to adult-hood. Mike From: IN%"j.talling@csl.gov.uk" 11-FEB-1997 05:35:39.67 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Remote heart rate measuring Dear All, I am looking for a reference which Dr. Dietz, mentioned in which heart rate in small rodents was measured through contacts in the bottom of the cage. So that nothing had to be attached to the animal. Does anybody know of this work, or papers which have been published etc. or any similar methods of measuring heart rate. Thanks very much Janet Talling From: IN%"k9acad@iafrica.com" 11-FEB-1997 05:57:53.33 To: IN%"ale@nuclecu.unam.mx" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: dog behavior Based on experience here is my answer: Question 1. Depends entirely on the dog...you get one in every crowd! There are so many variables but speaking generally a normal run-of-the mill aggressive dog (excluding mental cases) will probably bite anyhow if the victim is theatening or challenging in any way IN THE DOGS OPINION. This may appear non theatening to the human but to the dog eye contact, a "friendly" gesture towards the dog, a sudden movement, wind blowing clothing, a sudden noise etc. could provoke an attack. I do not believe that FEAR SCENT would provoke an attack by a dog. Why should it?! I think a normal dog is more likely to flee than attack. Question 2. Enrol him in apuppy school or give him one of his own. > > 1) Is it true that a person can elicit an agressive response from a dog > > by just fearing him? Could it be due to adrenaline secretion being > > somehow "perceived" by the dog? > > > > 2) A friend of mine is very afraid of dogs since he got bitten by one > > when he was a child; how can he overcome this kind of fear? Is there > > a special therapy or some tricks that he can get his hands on so > > as to relax in the presence of dogs or even start touching them? From: IN%"ingviljo@stud.ntnu.no" "Ingvill J|rstad" 11-FEB-1997 06:18:00.62 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: dog behavior Hi. About this friend of yours, that is afraid of dog. I belive that its totally up to the person if he/she ever will trust a dog again, and therefor overcome his/her fear. I have this terrible fear of spiders, so called arachnophobia. I dont want to get close to them, but i dont want to do something with my fear eighther. They say that being together with the thing you fear most, is the best medicine. I don't belive in that, but you could try to get the person to spend time with a much smaller, not agressive dog. And see that result. Then try with a larger one??? I have a small problem that i need some help with; I bought a Chinchilla for 3-4 months ago. He'll become 1 year in may. I need all the info I can get on how to get him to behave. He bites everything that he can find, and makes all the noise he can at night. I know that these animals are awake at night, but it sometimes seems as he does this on purpose. I talked to the persons at the store, and they said that i had to teach him to beahave. How do i do that? Can anybody help me? From: IN%"kckissan@alpha.delta.edu" "Kelly Caithlin Kissane" 11-FEB-1997 08:43:59.30 To: IN%"ingviljo@stud.ntnu.no" "Ingvill J|rstad" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: dog behavior Being around something you fear can lessen the fear - I was also terrified of spiders, but when I did a project on spider behavior for my animal behavior class, the fear lessened. I went from refusing to open the container they were in to walking around with these large spdiers on my hand! But I wouldn't buy the person a puppy unless he was absolutely able to take responsibility for it - Dog need a lot of care and attention, and it wouldnt' be fair to either the person or the dog if he was unable to care for it properly. Kelly C. Kissane Grad student Central Michigan University arachnology/animal behavior From: IN%"kckissan@alpha.delta.edu" "Kelly Caithlin Kissane" 11-FEB-1997 08:46:41.80 To: IN%"ingviljo@stud.ntnu.no" "Ingvill J|rstad" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: dog behavior Being around something you fear can lessen the fear - I was also terrified of spiders, but when I did a project on spider behavior for my animal behavior class, the fear lessened. I went from refusing to open the container they were in to walking around with these large spdiers on my hand! But I wouldn't buy the person a puppy unless he was absolutely able to take responsibility for it - Dog need a lot of care and attention, and it wouldnt' be fair to either the person or the dog if he was unable to care for it properly. Kelly C. Kissane Grad student Central Michigan University arachnology/animal behavior From: IN%"PLXCMLN@pln1.life.nottingham.ac.uk" "CHARLOTTE.M.L.NEVISON" 11-FEB-1997 10:03:49.62 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Chinchilla behaviour Hi all, Ingvill wrote: > I have a small problem that i need some help with; > I bought a Chinchilla for 3-4 months ago. He'll become 1 year in may. > I need all the info I can get on how to get him to behave. He bites > everything that he can find, and makes all the noise he can at night. > I know that these animals are awake at night, but it sometimes seems as he > does this on purpose. > I talked to the persons at the store, and they said that i had to teach > him to beahave. How do i do that? Can anybody help me? I have chinchillas also. Yes they are noisy at night! But I don't think you could or should try to stop this. I have habituated myself to the noise that my chins make, and taken measures to make their cage rattle less (they are housed in a large galvanised metal cage, the same as are often used by breeders and in labs). Is he biting or chewing? Mine have never `bitten' but chew constantly. Don't try to stop them doing this - they need to grind their teeth. In the UK you can buy special blocks (pumice will do) which they use for this purpose. This saves on cage furniture! My chins are tame, but they prefer minimal handling and dust bath as soon as they get back in the cage. If you want a cuddly pet I'd reccomend a rat rather than a chinchilla any day. I think chinchillas are an example of a pet where you have to adapt to their ways and control their behaviour with this in mind (ie supervise them at playtime to save your furniture for they will eat it!). Incidentally, one of my chinchillas was put to sleep a couple of months ago due to problems with its rear teeth. In the UK it appears that it is probably a hereditary problem which is being `swept under the carpet' as I have learned of many, many other instances of this. Does anyone know of any work being done on this? It was very distressing to watch him slowly decline. The condition is incurable. My vet tried to file his teeth once under anaesthetic, but it failed to work. He wanted to try again, but knowing there was a limit to the number of times this could be done, and the distress it caused the first time, I made the decision to call it a day. I wonder if the vets amongst you had any opinions as to how far you should go in treating an incurable condition, and does this depend upon the species? Charlotte. From: IN%"liesl@iastate.edu" 11-FEB-1997 11:37:52.57 To: IN%"j.talling@csl.gov.uk" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: (no subject) Dear Dr. Talling, I remembered something about salivary cortisol measurement in large animals--hope it is somewhat useful. Fell, LR and DA Shutt. 1986. Adrenocortical response of calves to transport stress as measured by salivary cortisol. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66: 637-641. > For one project which I am carrying out I need to measure heart rate, > behaviour and cortisol in small mammals. > We are contemplating taking saliva samples from the animals, > > Dr. Janet Talling --- Liesl M Hohenshell Iowa State University 337 Kildee Hall Ames, IA 50011 515-294-2286 liesl@iastate.edu From: IN%"SHULL.ELIZABETH_A@HOSPITAL.VET.UTK.EDU" 11-FEB-1997 12:05:07.40 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: behavior in slow motion Dear all: On several ocassions I have had inquiry calls concerning dogs that engage in slow-motion walking under a shrub or curtains, while the branches or the bottom edges of the curtain rub over their back. The owners frequently state that the dog "looks mesmerized," however it is responsive if called. My recollection suggests that most of the calls I have received have been concerning either Bassett Hounds or Bull Terriers. I have never had the opportunity of thoroughly examining or working up one of these cases. The owners report the dogs are healthy in every other way. In fact one of my colleagues during my residency had such a Bull Terrier, and she was a medically healthy dog. I have a few theories of possible etiologies, but I am wondering if others have seen any dogs with similar presentations, and what ideas you may have. Thanks! Elizabeth A. Shull DVM DACVB, DACVIM-neurology eshull@utk.edu From: IN%"epkardas@saumag.edu" "Edward P. Kardas" 11-FEB-1997 12:57:46.39 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"epkardas@saumag.edu" Subj: RE: behavior in slow motion My australian sheepdog does it (slow motion walking) with the bushes and with the bumper on my pickup. She even has permanently displaced the license plate, bending it away at an angle from the bumper. ==================================================== | Edward P. Kardas epkardas@saumag.edu _____________ | Professor | /_ | Department of Psychology (501) 235-4231 | / | Southern Arkansas University FAX (501) 235-5005 | / | Magnolia, AR 71753-5000 |_ / ==================================================== |_@_____| From: IN%"jkincaid@oncomdis.on.ca" 11-FEB-1997 14:52:04.91 To: IN%"SHULL.ELIZABETH_A@HOSPITAL.VET.UTK.EDU" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: behavior in slow motion SHULL.ELIZABETH_A@HOSPITAL.VET.UTK.EDU wrote: > > Dear all: > On several ocassions I have had inquiry calls concerning dogs that > engage in slow-motion walking under a shrub or curtains, while the > branches or the bottom edges of the curtain rub over their back. > The owners frequently state that the dog "looks mesmerized," > however it is responsive if called. My recollection suggests that > most of the calls I have received have been concerning either > Bassett Hounds or Bull Terriers. I have never had the opportunity > of thoroughly examining or working up one of these cases. The owners > report the dogs are healthy in every other way. In fact one of my > colleagues during my residency had such a Bull Terrier, and she was a > medically healthy dog. > I have a few theories of possible etiologies, but I am wondering > if others have seen any dogs with similar presentations, and > what ideas you may have. > Thanks! > Elizabeth A. Shull DVM DACVB, DACVIM-neurology > eshull@utk.edu Hello Elizabeth; The explanation I recieved on thiz behaviour was as follows. Just as my skin gets itchy some times and scratching the itch relieves it so it is with the dog. It's rather a pleasant relief and thus the "mesmerized" look. Take care John From: IN%"TAYLORA@EM.AGR.CA" "Allison Taylor" 11-FEB-1997 15:18:53.25 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: behavior in slow motion -Reply I would suspect that these are conflict behs ... some animals express anxiety in more active ways (redirected or steretyped behs), whereas others "withdraw" .. I haven't treated such cases myself, but I believe we were taught that they should be responsive to the same type of anti-anxiety drugs as OCDs .... (Am I right, Caroline?) Can't remember a breed "affiliation", tho. Allison Allison Taylor, PhD Centre for Food & Animal Research Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Ottawa, ON taylora@em.agr.ca >>> 02/11/97 01:09pm >>> Dear all: On several ocassions I have had inquiry calls concerning dogs that engage in slow-motion walking under a shrub or curtains, while the branches or the bottom edges of the curtain rub over their back. The owners frequently state that the dog "looks mesmerized," however it is responsive if called. My recollection suggests that most of the calls I have received have been concerning either Bassett Hounds or Bull Terriers. I have never had the opportunity of thoroughly examining or working up one of these cases. The owners report the dogs are healthy in every other way. In fact one of my colleagues during my residency had such a Bull Terrier, and she was a medically healthy dog. I have a few theories of possible etiologies, but I am wondering if others have seen any dogs with similar presentations, and what ideas you may have. Thanks! Elizabeth A. Shull DVM DACVB, DACVIM-neurology eshull@utk.edu From: IN%"wattsjon@duke.usask.ca" "Jon Watts" 11-FEB-1997 16:20:30.18 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology" CC: Subj: Predatory behaviour of ruminants Hi A-E'ers, I just read a journal article which described predatory attacks by sheep and red deer upon birds. On one Scottish island feral sheep were observed to bite the heads, legs or wings off unfledged Arctic terns and skuas. On another island, red deer were seen to perform similar attacks on manx shearwater chicks. The objective seemed to be to obtain and consume the bones. The author concluded that this was probably a response to some mineral deficiency. Can anyone tell me whether domestic ruminants are ever seen to prey deliberately upon animals or consume carrion? If so, would this be viewed as an adaptation to some nutritional inadequacy, or as a cultural innovation? Jon Reference: Furness, R. W., 1988. Predation on ground-nesting seabirds by island populations of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sheep (Ovis). Journal of Zoology. 216, 565-573. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jon Watts (___) ) ) University of Saskatchewan |o o|___________/ ( Dept of Herd Medicine O \#/ | ) and Theriogenology |bser| | Statistical | ( Western College of Vet. Med. |vati| | analysis | ) 52 Campus Drive |ons.| \___________/| *& Saskatoon ------ || || %$#@ S7N 1B4 / \ || || ^*@*~ Canada &^%%#$@ wattsjon@duke.usask.ca "The Holy Cow" -------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IN%"Heeler@aol.com" 11-FEB-1997 18:06:13.29 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: behavior in slow motion In a message dated 97-02-11 13:06:40 EST, you write: >The owners frequently state that the dog "looks mesmerized," >however it is responsive if called. My recollection suggests that >most of the calls I have received have been concerning either >Bassett Hounds or Bull Terriers. Dr. Dodman of Tufts has written about compulsive behaviors in Bull Teerriers in his book THE DOG WHO LOVED TOO MUCH. That might be a good place to start your inquiries. Don't know about Bassets. Cheers, Margie, NY From: IN%"Anna.Olsson@sjv.se" "Anna Olsson" 12-FEB-1997 02:04:31.90 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Pet Shop Puppies -Svar Dear Tony, I asked my colleagues working with pets about the regulations in Sweden and this is what they say. Dogs/puppies are never sold in pet shops in Sweden and actually I believe they have never been, despite the fact that the song "How much is that doggy in the window" was a hit also here once upon a time and even got translated into Swedish... There is however no explicit ban in the legislation, only space regulations which make it practically impossible keeping dogs in pet shops. The main reason seems to be a general agreement among people involved. Dog breeding and sale in Sweden is very dominated by pedigree breeders and the sale of puppies in shops would hardly be accepted by them. A ban on selling dogs and cats in pet shops is being discussed. However, since the phenomenon doesn't exist here, the ban is not of urgent importance. I hope this information is helpful to you. More information can be obtained from my colleague Irene Ahl: irene.ahl@sjv.se Best wishes Anna Olsson animal housing & welfare - organic animal husbandry Swedish Board of Agriculture Division for Animal Production and Management S-551 82 Jonkoping Sweden e-mail Anna.Olsson@sjv.se tel +46-36-155000 fax +46-36-308182 "Industrialization has transformed an agriculture created for the purpose of converting solar energy into human-useful form, into an agriculture that uses more nonrenewable energy from fossils than it captures as solar energy from the sun. But what is perhaps more important is that these industrial systems degrade their human resource base. Large specialized factory farms transform independent decision makers into people who know how to follow instructions or directions but not necessarily know how to think or make decisions." John Ikerd University of Minnesota From: IN%"AJ.Rook@bbsrc.ac.uk" "Andrew Rook" 12-FEB-1997 03:28:53.74 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: predatory behaviour of ruminants Wallis de Vries, M. F. (1996) Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 688 discusses the evidence for pica behaviour by ruminants in response to mineral deficiency, including carnivory. It seems to be quite common. I also have a vague recollection of reading a paper in which P deficient cattle were reported as eating tortoises! Andrew Rook From: IN%"j.talling@csl.gov.uk" 12-FEB-1997 05:41:48.81 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Thermal output of lab animals Dear All, I have an urgent request which i hope someone may be able to help me with. Does anybody know what the thermal output of rats, mice, rabbits and pigeons is. We are trying to commission an animal house and the contractors need this info. by tomorrow (Thursday 13 Feb) which i can't find anywhere. If possible please give the values in Kjoules/min or KJ/hour. Also needed is the water vapour output for the same species. We are at our wits end trying to find this info. and any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks Janet Dr. Janet Talling Central Science Laboratory Sand Hutton YORK UK From: IN%"j.talling@csl.gov.uk" 12-FEB-1997 07:27:36.88 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: [Thermal output of lab animals] Dear All, I have an urgent request which i hope someone may be able to help me with. Does anybody know what the thermal output of rats, mice, rabbits and pigeons is. We are trying to commission an animal house and the contractors need this info. by tomorrow (Thursday 13 Feb) which i can't find anywhere. If possible please give the values in Kjoules/min or KJ/hour. Also needed is the water vapour output for the same species. We are at our wits end trying to find this info. and any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks Janet Dr. Janet Talling Central Science Laboratory Sand Hutton YORK UK From: IN%"D.B.MORTON@BHAM.ac.uk" 12-FEB-1997 09:06:29.88 To: IN%"j.talling@csl.gov.uk", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: [Thermal output of lab animals] Dear Janet and others, The whizzkid at this is Dr Gerald Clough at Alannan Consultancy PO Box 230 York YO1 1GG UK + 44 (0)937 833 218 + 44 (0)904 656 368 He is a buildings designer and consultant. David M. Prof.David.B.Morton | Biomedical Science and Ethics |Internet: d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk The Medical School | University of Birmingham | Birmingham | Tel: +44 - (0)121 414 3616 B15 2TT, UK Fax: +44 - (0)121 414 6979 From: IN%"j.talling@csl.gov.uk" 12-FEB-1997 09:35:27.41 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: (no subject) Dear All Many thanks for all the prompt responses to my request for thermal, water outputs for lab animals. We have now been able to answer the questions from the contractors, and commissioning will proceed in the near future. Cheers Janet Talling From: IN%"mplaurenson@ucdavis.edu" "Michele Laurenson" 12-FEB-1997 11:29:26.18 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: newsgroups? Hello! For the past few months I have really enjoyed your conversations on animal behavior. Does anyone know where I could find out about other animal related newsgroups? Thanks! Michele Laurenson University of California at Davis From: IN%"cmeyer5@gwdg.de" "cmeyer5" 12-FEB-1997 14:15:23.12 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: research project Dear all, I am looking for a small (1 year) research project in the field of animal physiology and behaviour. If you have any suggestions, please let me know. BACKGROUND I am a veterinarian with a strong interest in animal behaviour and physiology and also in animal welfare. My doctoral thesis at Hannover Veterinary School was a comparison of Canadian and German animal welfare legislation (published October 96). I am currently studying for an additional degree in biology, because I want to do animal physiology/ behaviour related research in the future and felt that a broader background in natural sciences would be advantageous. My specializations are: zoology, psychology and molecular genetics. My final exams are scheduled for April 97. PROJECT In Germany, biology diploma students are required to conduct a 1 year research project in partial fulfilment of their degree. I would be particularly interested in the following topics: -- ethological and physiological parameters for assessment of animal well-being -- adaptations to husbandry systems (domestic animals and wildlife) -- perception, learning and cognition in animals (non-invasive only). I would like to start my project in June 97. LOCATION ...could be anywhere, as long as I can get along with English, German or some (rudimentary) French. Thank you for your time. Christiane ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dr. med. vet. Christiane Meyer Opferbach 5 37077 Goettingen Germany phone: +49 551 20 51 89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ From: IN%"rushenj@EM.AGR.CA" "Jeff Rushen" 12-FEB-1997 15:02:48.80 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: ISAZ 97 in Boston 1997 International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts The 1997 ISAZ meeting on human-animal interactions will be held at the Sackler Center in Downtown Boston (145 Harrison Avenue) on July 24 and 25, 1997. There will be four plenary speakers at the meeting including: Dr Elizabeth Lawrence, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, MA Animals as Symbols Dr Arnold Arluke, Northeastern University, Boston, MA Links between Animal and Human Abuse Dr Marion Copeland, Mount Holyoke Community College, MA Animal Themes in Literature Dr Karen Allen, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY Animal Health Effects in Therapy and Companionship The remainder of the meeting will consist of research sessions and seminars depending on the mix of accepted abstracts. Scholarly presentations in any area of human-animal interaction study are welcome, including but not limited to the health effects of animals in therapy and everyday companionship, and the behavioral, sociological, anthropological, psychological, historical, literary analysis, symbolic, or other disciplinary approach to human-animal interactions. Those interested in participating should submit an abstract of their proposed presentation to the local organizer, Dr Andrew Rowan. Please note, abstracts should be based on work that is completed by the time the abstract is submitted. Abstracts should be typed (12 point) and fit on one page (type space not larger than 6.5 inches wide by 8 inches long). Abstracts may be mailed or emailed (dpease@opal.tufts.edu). Please include the abstract in the body of the email message rather than as an attachment to avoid translation problems. A. Data Abstracts must include: Title Author(s) name(s) and address(es) An introduction outlining the study and its objective A description of subjects (number, type, age, gender and species) and experimental method An outline of major results Major conclusions B. Review and Non-data Abstracts must include: Title Author(s) name(s) and address(es) An introduction An outline of main points Conclusion Abstracts will be reviewed and evaluated on the basis of topic originality, writing clarity and writing quality. For those interested in attending the meeting, registration will be $45 for both days and $25 for one day only. Centrally located hotels in Boston are expensive and include the Boston Park Plaza (50 Park Plaza, Boston, 02117; Fax 617 - 426 5545, rack rates - $175 single, $195 double), the 57 Plaza Hotel (200 Stuart St, Boston, 02116; rack rate - $165; Fax 617 - 451 2750), the Tremont Hotel (275 Tremont St, Boston, 02116; Fax 617 - 482 6730; rack rates - $149 single, $169 double) and the smaller Chandler Inn (Chandler St, Boston, 02116; Fax 617 - 542 3428; rack rates - $89 single, $99 double). Getting to the Hotels from Logan Airport is a 10 to 45 minute cab ride (depending on traffic) which will cost at least $10 or a more involved process of taking the airport buses to the MBTA stop, catching the blue line MBTA train, and then changing to either the green line to get off at Arlington (Park Plaza or 57 Plaza), or the orange line to New England Medical Center (Tremont) or Back Bay (Chandler Inn). Andrew Rowan Local Organizer Andrew N Rowan Director Tufts Center for Animals and Public Policy School of Veterinary Medicine 200 Westboro Rd N. Grafton, MA 01536 Phone: (508) 839 7991; Fax: (508) 839 2953 Email: arowan@opal.tufts.edu From: IN%"tonygdog@iinet.net.au" "Tony Walker" 12-FEB-1997 16:55:16.95 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"serpell@vet.upenn.edu" "'James Serpell'" CC: Subj: RE: Pet Shop Puppies I response to James Serpell's answer to my query: Many thanks for your prompt reply. As a novice in the 'Groves of Academe' I should appreciate an indication of how I can obtain a copy of the Andrew Jagoe's PhD Thesis you mention. I was aware that puppies are rarely, if ever, sold through Pet Shops in Britain and I wondered how they managed to achieve this state of affairs. In the Australian State of Victoria I understand that control legislation was enacted requiring constant on site supervision both day and night in Pet Shops where puppies and kittens were housed, driving the wages bill to a point where the exercise became unprofitable. This State's action saw the massive increase in puppy exports to us here in Western Australia where no such legislation exists. Due to the dearth of response to my question I must conclude that research in the specific area is scarce. I can imagine that it would be very difficult to carry out as there would be little or no cooperation by 'puppy farmers' or Pet Shops -perhaps fearing the results. As a dog obedience trainer I have concluded that there is considerable long-term impact on many puppies I encounter. Whether this is due to their experiences in the shops and farms or whether it stems from the fact that the puppies were obtained by inexperienced owners on impulse I do not know. Thanks again. Kind regards. Tony Walker ---------- From: James Serpell[SMTP:serpell@vet.upenn.edu] Sent: Monday, 10 February 1997 18:43 To: applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca Subject: Pet Shop Puppies In response to Tony Walker's query: Andrew Jagoe obtained some retrospective data on the relative prevalence of behaviour problems in dogs obtained from different sources. His findings suggested that dominance-related aggression and various fears and phobias were significantly more prevalent in dogs obtained from pet stores. The conclusion was that these effects were due to pet store puppies originating from puppy farms where there is little or no temperament evaluation of sires or dams, as well as inadequate or inappropriate early socialisation of puppies. These findings are summarised in: Serpell, J.A. & Jage, J.A. 1995. Early experience and the development of behaviour. In _The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People_, ed. J.A. Serpell, pp. 80-102. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. For a more detailed account you would need to refer to Andrew's PhD Thesis, "Behaviour Problems in the Domestic Dog: a Retrospective and Prospective Study to Identify Factors Influencing their Development" University of Cambridge, UK. In Britain, legislation concerning the breeding of dogs is contained in the 1973 Breeding of Dogs Act which requires licensing and regular inspection of establishments with two or more breeding bitches on the premises. In theory, this should curtail the activities of substandard breeding establishments. In practice, large scale commercial breeders find various ways round the law, and a certain amount of illegal, unlincensed puppy farming goes on. I should emphasize, however, that it is unusual in the UK to find pet stores selling puppies. In the USA, puppy farming is big business, particularly in areas where the demand for 'pedigree' puppies exceeds the supply from reputable breeders. The Humane Soc. of the US estimates that about half a million 'farmed' puppies are sold through pet stores in the USA every year, and the conditions in many of the 'farms' are evidently deplorable. In theory, all commercial breeders are licensed and subject to inspection under the Animal Welfare Act. In practice, everyone (including the USDA which is responsible for enforcing the Act) agrees that a combination of legal loopholes, and lack of USDA resources and manpower means that violations of the Act usually go unpunished and often unnoticed. Best regards, James Serpell ___________________________________________________________________ School of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. USA. Tel: (215) 898-1004 Fax: (215) 573-6050 serpell@vet.upenn.edu From: IN%"jkincaid@oncomdis.on.ca" 12-FEB-1997 17:32:35.08 To: IN%"mplaurenson@ucdavis.edu" "Michele Laurenson" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: newsgroups? Michele Laurenson wrote: > > Hello! > > For the past few months I have really enjoyed your conversations on animal > behavior. > Does anyone know where I could find out about other animal related newsgroups? > > Thanks! > > Michele Laurenson > University of California at Davis Dear Michele; Are you familiar with dejanews? I haven't used it for a while but it is a searchable index of news groups where you type in what you want and it will search all news groups for those criteria. It can be reached at www.dejanews.net Good luck John From: IN%"bruno.graf@inw.agrl.ethz.ch" "Bruno Graf" 13-FEB-1997 05:27:12.35 To: IN%"MAPPLEBY@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk" "Mike Appleby" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: Intersucking in cattle At 10:41 11.02.1997 +0000, you wrote: >Bruno et al. > >I haven't worked on intersucking in adult cattle, but I would be >interested to know what position the sucking cow takes up. In our >work on calves (Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 1995, 45, 1-9) those sucking >from alien mothers sucked almost exclusively from behind. You say >you will investigate the rearing period, and I would suggest that it >will be important to follow individual sucking behaviour right >through from when the animals are sucking their own mothers to >adult-hood. > >Mike > Dear Mike Thanks for your reply. As far we can say at present, the sucking cow takes up different positions: from behind, from the side, and anti-parallel (simultaneous mutual suckings). It would indeed be helpful to follow individuals from birth to adult-hood but 1.)this takes a lot of time without knowing wether intersucking calves will perform this behaviour as adults, and 2.)in most herds the incidence of intersucking adult animals is somewhere between 5 and 10%, so one would be lucky to find 5 intersucking adults (which were not culled!) out of 100 calves observed from birth to adult-hood. Bruno Graf --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Bruno Graf Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute for Animal Sciences Physiology and Animal Husbandry Group ETH Zentrum /LFW Phone: **41 1 632 33 10 CH-8092 Z=FCrich Fax: **41 1 632 13 08 Switzerland Mail: bruno.graf@inw.agrl.ethz.ch --------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net" "Robin E Walker" 13-FEB-1997 06:48:21.77 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: slow motion behaviour >Dear all: >On several ocassions I have had inquiry calls concerning dogs that >engage in slow-motion walking under a shrub or curtains, while the >branches or the bottom edges of the curtain rub over their back. >The owners frequently state that the dog "looks mesmerized," >however it is responsive if called. My recollection suggests that >most of the calls I have received have been concerning either >Bassett Hounds or Bull Terriers. I have never had the opportunity >of thoroughly examining or working up one of these cases. The owners >report the dogs are healthy in every other way. In fact one of my >colleagues during my residency had such a Bull Terrier, and she was a >medically healthy dog. >I have a few theories of possible etiologies, but I am wondering >if others have seen any dogs with similar presentations, and >what ideas you may have. >Thanks! >Elizabeth A. Shull DVM DACVB, DACVIM-neurology >eshull@utk.edu > The behaviour in Bull Terriers is probable more common than is realized. Some correspondence arising from an article in Dogs Today by Peter Neville gave the impression that 3 out of 4 Bulls showed this "trancing" phenomemon and it was simply accepted as a rather endearing trait with no inconvenience to the owners. A small number, however, do combine this behaviour with other signs such as fly catching, sudden bursts of anger or fear, staring into space, hallucinating and occasionaly wierd vocalisations. Others tail chase. These matters are described by Nicholas Dodman and others in JAVMA 208, No 5,March 1996. Cases such as the 8 discussed above are seen in UK and are similarly responsive to the anticonvulsant phenobabitone. The symptomology certainly is strongly suggestive of limbic (or temporal lobe) epilepsy or psychomotor seizure. I have written up a "benchmark" case in a forthcoming paper in Applied Animal Ethology. Work which I think has particular relevence to these dogs (by comparison) is that of J.Engel and LL Rocha Interictal behavioral disturbances:A search for molecular substrates. Epilepsy Research 1992, 9 (Suppl): 341-349. The authors suggest that recurrent limbic seizures enhance opioid synthesis and cause paradoxical upregulation of opiate receptors. As epileptic patients become dependent on seizure-enhanced endogenous opioid activity, withdrawal effects and depression may occur when seizures are under control. In addition the work of Blum et al.,offers us Reward Deficiency Syndrome (Addictive, impulsive and compulsive disorders-including alcoholism, attention-deficit disorder, drug abuse and food bingeing-may have a common genetic basis) American Scientist, Volume 84 (Mar/April 1996) pp 132-145. "We believe that these disorders are linked by a common biological substrate ....that provides pleasure in the process of rewarding behaviour....If these needs are threatened OR ARE NOT BEING MET (my caps), we experience discomfort and anxiety..This syndrome involves a form of sensory deprivation of the brain's pleasure mechanisms. It can be manifested in relatively mild or severe forms that follow as a consequence of an individual's biochemical inability to derive reward from ordinary, everyday activities." "....Dopamine appears to be the primary neurotransmitter at these reinforcement sites. Although the system of neurotransmitters involved in the biology of reward is complex, at least three other neurotransmitters are known to be involved at several sites in the brain; serotonin in the hypothalamus, the enkephalins (opioid peptides) in the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens, and the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens." "...in a normal person, these neurotransmitters work together in a cascade of excitation or inhibition - between complex stimuli and complex responses - leading to a feeling of well being, the ultimate reward. In the cascade theory of reward, a disruption of these intercellular interactions result in anxiety, anger and other "bad feelings" or in a craving for a substance that alleviates theae negative emotions." for veterinary purposes the part of the discussion that interests me is as follows:- "...disorders of the cells and molecules in the "upstream" part of the cascade may also disrupt the normal activity of the reward system. the cascade begins with the excitatory activity of serotonin-releasing neurons in the hypothalamus. This causes the release of the opioid peptide met-enkephalin in the ventral tegmental area, which inhibits the activity of neurons that release the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA). The disinhibition of dopamine-containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area allows them to release dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and in certain parts of the hippocampus, permitting the completion of the cascade." From all this I tentatively deduce that the use of phenobarbitone in the seizure related "trancing" dog has TWO effects. 1. removal of opioid enhancement by the route described by Engel and Rocha. 2. Reduction of the reward (pleasure) by enhancement of the GABA inhibitory input to the limbic reward chemistry cascade. This still leaves us with the possibility of a subset of Bull terriers and others, which have a simply reward deficit problems and for example tail chase, "beetle" pounce or run "dance" routines in various patterns to GENERATE illusive rewards. These cases are by the definitions above made WORSE by GABA agonists such as phenobarbitone or benzodiazepines but very much better by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as Prozac by a mechanism which is (presumably) a enhancement or "down-driving" of the reward cascade. Dodman notes (op cit) a possible correlation with lethal acrodermatitis in the Bull terrier. I would say that I have noticed a correlation with atopic symptoms (itching, flushing etc) which may even become conditional stimuli for seizure elicitation. A recent case sent to me was a Bull Terrier which received corticosteroids for a dermatitis. This seemed to induce seizure activity which then became dramatically elicited by attempts to dress the sore areas. The seizures were controlled with phenobarbtione and after a week (time for the metabolites of cortisone to clear?) the dog was fine and did not require further anticonvulsant. Other breeds have other forms. I think that the Border Collies which get "stuck on eye" or just stand staring at the sheep quivering and are unable to complete the behaviour chain or eye-stalk-run-[grip-kill!!!] may be compulsively/ addictively rewarded so comprehensively by hyper activity of their opioids that they neither need nor are capable of further activity in the sequence. Such predatory reward behaviour is seen in collies which manage to go to the stalk stage and will "creep" about the room and hallucinate at reflections. Similarly the pointer may stick on "point" I have had one such case that "pointed" eerily and (dare I say) pointlessly about my office. It also had other psychomotor signs and responded to phenobarbitone. Given that the predominant behaviour pattern of a specialized dog is also by definition its most rewarding one..this seems in accord with the theory. This approach takes us into the field of "therapy induced frustration" where GABA agonists such as valium or phenobarbital acting as inhibitors of reward, create intense withdrawal symptoms or frustrative vigour in say, the separated and highly bonded dog, which is then made very much worse as it tries harder to acheive its bond reward or a substitute. The opioid story re-enters at this point when we consider that Naloxone or Naltrexone opioid blockers can also induce frustrative reward reduction in dogs. See the work of Panksepp cited in Studies in Behaviour, Borchelt and Voith, "Separation Anxiety" pp 138, 139 I imagine this is enough for now. People will be leaving the list in search of something rewarding. Robin Walker From: IN%"Francien.deJonge@USERS.ECO.WAU.NL" "francien de jonge" 13-FEB-1997 07:17:31.56 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: change of address Dear all, As you probably know, I recently moved to the department of Ecological Agriculture at the Agricultural University in Wageningen. Head of the department is prof dr E.A. Goewie. Within the department, my work will concentrate on organic, mixed farming systems and on animal welfare in such systems. Please note my change of address, telephone and e-mail address. Also, I am interested to get in touch with people that work in similar areas, Best regards, Francien !!!!!! NEW ADDRESS!!!!! Dr Francien H. de Jonge Dept of ecological agriculture Haarweg 333 6709RZ Wageningen The Netherlands tel: 31-317-484448 tel: 31-317-483522 (secr) FAX: 31-317-484995 e-mail address: Francien.deJonge@users.eco.wau.nl From: IN%"amthomps@zebu.cvm.msu.edu" "Amy Thompson" 13-FEB-1997 16:59:44.61 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: dog behavior > I have a small problem that i need some help with; > I bought a Chinchilla for 3-4 months ago. He'll become 1 year in may. > I need all the info I can get on how to get him to behave. He bites > everything that he can find, and makes all the noise he can at night. > I know that these animals are awake at night, but it sometimes seems as he > does this on purpose. > I talked to the persons at the store, and they said that i had to teach > him to beahave. How do i do that? Can anybody help me? Has your chinchilla always bitten you? If you are hand-feeding it, that probably isn't a good idea. You can't really train these guys to "behave" and you probably can't do anything about the noise it makes at night. I think the best thing (assuming he bites pens, furniture, and anything else he comes across) is to immediately put him back in the cage when he is misbehaving. He may eventually learn that if he wants to run around (which he probably does), then he can't bite things... Good luck, Amy amthomps@zebu.cvm.msu.edu From: IN%"nicholas@ibg.uit.no" 14-FEB-1997 01:52:19.48 CC: Subj: Thank you Many thanks and best wishes, Nicholas Tyler Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology and Geology, University of Tromso, 9037 Tromso, Norway tel.(direct): +47 77 64 47 88 fax.: +47 77 64 56 00 mobile phone: 90 57 72 98 From: IN%"abcdog@iinet.net.au" "abcdog" 14-FEB-1997 10:42:57.85 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Introducing myself Hello all My name is Rosalie Skewes. I became involved in obedience training of dogs 20 years ago in Geraldton, Western Australia, because we thought we had a problem dog, I guess we did, but it was caused mainly by inexperienced handler/owners. Since then I have become immersed in assisting other people to gain what we have from our dogs. I became Head Trainer at that Club. After retuning to Perth in 1981, I joined the only dog club in Perth's northern suburbs - Northern Suburbs Training & Obedience Dog Club (Inc) - I became an Instructor and then later a Chief Instructor, I still hold this position. I have also been Secretary of this Club for approximately 9 1/2 years. Responsible dog ownership has been one of my concerns. To this end I have liaised with our two closest Local Government Agencies in amending and altering aspects of Canine control. Instructors with appropriate qualifications to instruct on a professional standard instead of just "hanging out a shingle", have been another of my aims. Over the last few years I (along with others of similar thought) have been involved in attempting to start up The Dog Trainers Association of Western Australia (Inc). I have gained the Certificate in Urban Animal Management from Bentley TAFE and am currently studying a correspondence course "Understanding the Canine/Human Interaction" with the Canine Studies Institute. I have been professionally instructing for approximately 2 1/2 years while still continuing with my voluntary work with the dog Club. Thank You Rosalie Skewes From: IN%"billcamp@cdsnet.net" 14-FEB-1997 17:01:17.19 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: wolve appetites Dear all, I am searching for accounts of observations of *feral* canis lupus packs killing and eating caribou, moose and buffalo in an area with ample prey. I have Durward Allen's accounts re. moose from Wolves of Minong, 1979, Houghton Mifflin, and many of D. Mech's observations: This, to research the basis for increasingly numerous claims found in much popular literature re. canine nutrition, wherein the idea that, after these prey are downed, wolves first disembowl the animal and ingest the of the intestines. So far I find only evidence that the wolves do, indeed, disembowel the prey, but only to gain access to the organ meat, after which they munch on large muscle meat, leaving the intestines to rot or freze, after which they'll rip off external meat. Any citations would be appreciated. Bill Campbell From: IN%"jkincaid@oncomdis.on.ca" 14-FEB-1997 17:43:30.17 To: IN%"billcamp@cdsnet.net" "Bill Campbell" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: wolve appetites Bill Campbell wrote: > > Dear all, > > I am searching for accounts of observations of *feral* canis lupus packs > killing and eating caribou, moose and buffalo in an area with ample prey. I > have Durward Allen's accounts re. moose from Wolves of Minong, 1979, > Houghton Mifflin, and many of D. Mech's observations: This, to research the > basis for increasingly numerous claims found in much popular literature re. > canine nutrition, wherein the idea that, after these prey are downed, wolves > first disembowl the animal and ingest the of the intestines. So > far I find only evidence that the wolves do, indeed, disembowel the prey, > but only to gain access to the organ meat, after which they munch on large > muscle meat, leaving the intestines to rot or freze, after which they'll rip > off external meat. Any citations would be appreciated. > > Bill Campbell Hi Bill; You might want to read Lopez's book "Of Wolves and Men" also. John Kincaid