From: IN%"F.Toates@open.ac.uk" "F.Toates (Fred Toates)" 15-FEB-1996 03:15:37.39 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: J.Koolhaas Dear All, Sorry to trouble you all but does anyone have an e-mail address for Jaap Koolhaas? Thanks, Fred From: IN%"H.Randle@plymouth.ac.uk" 15-FEB-1996 05:28:51.89 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Help with lameness and behaviour refs? I have an honours project working on lameness in dairy cows. She is comparing the behaviour of lame cows and non lame cows in the milking parlour. She is looking for references relating to this. Any help would be much appreciated. Thank you in anticipation! Hayley From: IN%"ba1resep@uco.es" "Pilar Recuerda Serrano" 15-FEB-1996 05:35:15.17 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Inma Estevez new e-mail address Hello everybody I have been out of the network for a couple of months because of some technical problems with my e-mail address (ba1esovilucano.uco.es). Now I got a new one. I hope it will work all right and I will be able to enjoy all the fun discussions going on. For all the people that wants to reach me on the E-mail my new address is: ba1resepuco.es Best Regards, Inma Estevez Departamento de Biologia Animal (Etologia) Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cordoba 14004 CORDOBA SPAIN Telephone:57- 21 86 08 Fax: 57-21 86 06 From: IN%"schilder@neuretp.biol.ruu.nl" 15-FEB-1996 05:47:34.82 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: ethogram vs time-budget Dear all, Reading through the abstracts of the ISAE meeting in Stara Lesna I was struck by the use of the term ETHOGRAM. This term is being used in a way that is not appropriate in my view. Some applied ethologist unfortunately apply this term implying a time-budget. See for example the abstract of Hubinsky, Debreceni and Bulla on calves or fig 5.6 on p 84 in Phillips's book on Cattle behaviour. This use of the term ethogram I have encountered several times in applied ethology, not fundamental ethology. Originally, the term ethogram means a (more or less) complete list of behaviours of (a certain class) of individuals of a certain species, that is being used in an ethological study. In this way the term ethogram is still in use. I would propose also for applied ethology to use the term TIME-BUDGET for data representing the time animals spent on different behaviours and keep the term ETHOGRAM for labelling a list of descriptions of behaviours. In this way a complete unnecessary confusion may be avoided. Best wishes dr Matthijs Schilder Ethology and socio-ecology University of Utrecht Netherlands From: IN%"MargitBak.Jensen%Foulum%Husdyr1@sh1.foulum.min.dk" 15-FEB-1996 06:33:55.06 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Abstracts for Guelph96 Dear Dr. Duncan, Please confirm that you have recieved by mail the following two abstract for ISAE congress in august: "The organization of behavioural responses to novel arena tests in dairy calves" by Jensen et al. and "The effects of early housing and handling of daury calves on the subsequent man-animal relationship" by Krohn. The abstract were send by mail 8. Feb. If you have not recieved them, we will fax them now. Sincerely, Margit Bak Jensen, DIAS. From: IN%"ba1resep@uco.es" "Pilar Recuerda Serrano" 15-FEB-1996 06:50:05.20 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Inma Estevez new e-mail address Hello everybody I have been out of the network for a couple of months because of some technical problems with my e-mail address (ba1esovilucano.uco.es). Now I got a new one. I hope it will work all right and I will be able to enjoy all the fun discussions going on. For all the people that wants to reach me on the E-mail my new address is: ba1resepuco.es Best Regards, Inma Estevez Departamento de Biologia Animal (Etologia) Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cordoba 14004 CORDOBA SPAIN Telephone:57- 21 86 08 Fax: 57-21 86 06 From: IN%"Henrik.B.Simonsen@ihh.kvl.dk" "Henrik B Simonsen" 15-FEB-1996 07:04:49.92 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: taildocking of horses Dear All. We are at the moment in Denmark discussing a possible ban on the presentation of tail docked horses on animal shows and exhibitions. According to our national legislation tail docking is not allowed, except in piglets and lambs and 5 specific breeds of dogs. We do however import some tail docked horses , mainly valuable breeding stock and therefore they are often presented on animal shows. Can anybody give me information on their national legislation or rules regarding tail docking of horses. Information from Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands is highly relevant as most of our imported tail docked horses are socalled Ardenners with their original origin in Belgium Best wishes and thank you in advance Henrik B. Simonsen Royal Veterinary and Agriculltural University Copenhagen Denmark hbs@kvl.dk The following is an attached File item from cc:Mail. It contains information that had to be encoded to ensure successful transmission through various mail systems. To decode the file use the UUDECODE program. --------------------------------- Cut Here --------------------------------- ------------------- RFC822.TXT follows -------------------- From: IN%"R0039586@haac.ac.uk" "PEARCE G" 15-FEB-1996 12:01:46.31 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: ethogram vs time-budget Dear All, >I would propose also for applied ethology to use the term TIME-BUDGET for data >representing the time animals spent on different behaviours and keep the term >ETHOGRAM for labelling a list of descriptions of behaviours. >In this way a complete unnecessary confusion may be avoided. I fully agree with the distinction between 'time budget ' and 'ethogram' suggested by Dr Schilder. I actually thought that , by and large, this was the way most people used the terms anyway? Am I wrong? Does anyone agree / favour transposing the two uses? Look forward to hearing. Gareth Pearce Dr Gareth Pearce BSc(Agr), PhD, BVSc, MRCVS Senior Lecturer in Animal Health, Harper Adams College, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, U.K. e-mail: gpearce@haac.ac.uk fax:UK m01952-814783 From: IN%"kristian.smidfelt@mailbox.swipnet.se" 16-FEB-1996 06:55:38.45 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: social structures Hi! I=B4m a nineteen years old swedish student. I read a swedish book about ethology a couple of months ago. I found it so intresting i decided to= =20 write my final paper on the subject. I decided to specialize on social=20 structures among animals. I=B4ve just joined this mailing-list because I= could=20 get usefull information. So, I would be extremely happy if there=B4s anyone= =20 out there who knows a lot abot social structures amnong animals and wants to= =20 share his knowledge with me. The person can if he want=B4s to get his name= on=20 my reference list on my paper..... Thanks a lot anyway.=20 From: IN%"IDUNCAN@APS.UoGuelph.CA" 16-FEB-1996 07:30:56.42 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Abstract acknowledgements Dear All, Thanks to everyone who has submitted Abstracts for Guelph96. Many have requested an acknowledgement that the Abstract has been received. Please be patient - they will be acknowledged (and if anything has gone wrong there will be opportunity for re-submitting). I am snowed under at present - and more requests for acknowledgements will deepen the drift! This is Canada, however, and we have the equipment to deal with fairly deep drifts (as long as it stops snowing!). Yours, Ian Duncan From: IN%"Nabil.Brandl%Foulum%Husdyr1@sh1.foulum.min.dk" 16-FEB-1996 07:55:03.44 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: social structures Answer to Kristian Smidfelt, the swedish student: If you are interest to study the social behaviour among pigs, I have the materials (video tapes) and methods (image analysis) to measure the distance between pigs in the pen. I published two conference papers about this method. Best regards and keep in touch Nabil Brandl Research Center Foulum The Danish Institute of Animal Science Dept. of Animal Health and welfare 8833 Tjele Denmark e-mail: Nabil.Brandl@foulum.min.dk HomePage: http://www.foulum.min.dk/~nabil Voice: 45-89991342 Fax : 45-89991500 From: IN%"kckissan@alpha.delta.edu" "Kelly Caithlin Kissane" 16-FEB-1996 09:40:21.48 To: IN%"kristian.smidfelt@mailbox.swipnet.se" "Kristian Smidfelt" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: social structures Kristen, What animals or social structures are you interested in? I work primarily with social behavior in spiders. Kelly C. Kissane From: IN%"aa266@cleveland.Freenet.Edu" 16-FEB-1996 09:48:09.11 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Dog Attacks on Miniature Horses Reply to message from suemcd@vet.upenn.edu of Wed, 14 Feb > >Does anyone know of dog attacks on miniature horses? Our hospital >recently has had two cases of miniature horses wounded by dogs and our >clinicains are curious as to whether this is common. > >Thank you >Sue McDonnell > Probably about as common as the presence of miniature horses. Dogs are preditors and horses are prey species. And when the size factor is equalized natural things happen. -- DBC (aka D.B. Cameron, DVM) Animal Behavior Clinic Middleburg Hts., OH 44130 216/826-0013 Fax: 234-3407 From: IN%"Nabil.Brandl%Foulum%Husdyr1@sh1.foulum.min.dk" 20-FEB-1996 07:22:31.88 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Bad news for Animal welfare Hi All I just received a bad news from FAL, Germany; Dr. M.C. Schlichting Died 16-2-96 Friday by heart attack. Dr. Schlichting was one of the greatest Scientist in Animal Welfare and Animal wrights. This bad news I received from Dr. Heiko Geaorg, FAL, Branschweig, Germany Nabil Brandl From: IN%"Nabil.Brandl%Foulum%Husdyr1@sh1.foulum.min.dk" 20-FEB-1996 07:49:17.84 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Bad news I just received from FAL, Braunschweig that Dr. M. C. Schlichting died friday 16-2-96. It is a big los for anima welfare science. Any condullance can send to FAL, Braunschweig, germany FAX no. 49-531 596 364 Nabil Brandl From: IN%"wattsjon@duke.usask.ca" "Jon Watts" 20-FEB-1996 11:51:00.03 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: How many sheep make a flock? Was somebody asking about this recently? I read about one study where someone found that a grazing sheep prefers to keep another sheep in view either side of it such that they subtend an angle of about 110 degrees at the head of the focal sheep. The argument goes that the minimum satisfactory flock size is five since that is the smallest number that could orient themselves so that each is at the 110 degree corner of a triangle with a sheep at each corner! Another study found that sheep kept in groups of 2 put on less weight and less wool than sheep kept in groups of 4 or more. The paired sheep apparently grazed less and spent much time walking along the fence line trying to keep in contact with the flock in the next field. So I suppose a flock has to be more than 2 sheep. I think I read this in Symes' book on social structures in farm animals. If whoever raised this subject is still interested I could find the reference. Somebody once told me that sheep in groups of two always split up when you drive them but groups of three always bunch together. I don't think it always holds true, but from what I've seen it mostly does. Jon Watts From: IN%"beaugrand.jacques@uqam.ca" "Beaugrand Jacques" 20-FEB-1996 13:27:10.21 To: IN%"ar-talk@cygnus.com", IN%"lpn-l@brownvm.brown.edu", IN%"ar-disc@anat.umsmed.edu", IN%"rat-talk@nic.surfnet.nl", IN%"ar-news@cygnus.com", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"vetmed-1@uga.cc.uga.edu", IN%"ETHOLOGY@SEARN.SUNET.SE", IN%"absnet-pos CC: Subj: CIFCA-95 The following text is in French. It concerns the First International= congress of francophones studying animal behaviour. Diacritic accents have= been removed in order to facilitate its reading across platforms. CONGRES INTERNATIONAL FRANCOPHONE SUR LE COMPORTEMENT ANIMAL (CIFCA'96) Ce congres se tiendra a l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada, du 26 au 30 juin= 1996. Nous invitons tous les etudiants et chercheurs interresses a faire parvenir= leur inscription par la poste, courrier electronique ou par FAX. Tous les= paiements, incluant ceux par carte de credit, doivent cependant etre= transmis par la poste. =20 NOUS VOUS DEMANDONS DE BIEN VOULOIR TRANSMETTRE LE PAIEMENT LE PLUS TOT= POSSIBLE, AFIN DE FACILITER L'ADMINISTRATION DU CONGRES. Date limite d'envoi des resumes : **** 1er avril **** Date limite pour l'inscription a tarif reduit au CIFCA: **** 1er avril. Renseignements sur le programme, format des communications libres et= inscription: Jacques Bovet, Departement de biologie, Pavillon Vachon, Tel= (418) 656-7833, Fax (418) 656-2043. Vous trouverez ci-dessous les sections suivantes: 1) PROGRAMME DE BOURSES POUR ETUDIANTS ET JEUNES CHERCHEURS 2) 2e CIRCULAIRE du CIFCA 96 3) HEBERGEMENT 4) Pour plus de renseignements 5) Annonce de derniere minute: Observation de l'ours noir et du loup en= foret boreale. ****** PROGRAMME DE BOURSES POUR ETUDIANTS ET JEUNES CHERCHEURS****** Les organisateurs du CIFCA 96 souhaitent encourager la participation= d'etudiants et de jeunes chercheurs a ce congres. Dans ce but des bourses= individuelles de voyage seront attribuees par le comite de coordination du= congres (15000F accordes par le Centre de Cooperation Interuniversitaire= Franco-Quebecois) et par le conseil d'administration de la Societe= Fran=E7aise pour l'etude du Comportement Animal (30000F environ). Les bourses seront attribuees a des etudiants en fin de these doctorale (MSc= ou PhD au Canada) ou venant de soutenir la these et presentant leurs= resultats de recherche. En cas de nombreuses demandes seront considerees= comme prioritaires celles dont les themes de recherche se rattachent= directement aux themes du congres (Ethologie appliquee, modelisation,= co-evolution, strategies reproductives). La date limite d'envoi des resumes est fixee au 1er mars 1996. Les candidats= a une bourse sont pries d'envoyer egalement un court CV. Le comite= scientifique de CIFCA 96 examinera les propositions de communications des= candidats a une bourse et recommandera au comite de coordination du congres= les dossiers susceptibles de recevoir une aide. La decision finale= d'attribution des bourses sera prise fin avril ou debut mai 1996 pour les= bourses du CCIFQ et a une date qui dependra du Conseil d'administration de= la SFECA pour celles accordees par cette association.=20 Coupon a retourner en meme temps que votre resume de communication et votre= CV a CIFCA 96, Departement de Biologie, Universite Laval, Sainte-Foy,= Quebec, G1K 7P4. Je pose ma candidature pour l'obtention d'une bourse de voyage afin de= participer au CIFCA 96 1. Ma these:=20 a ete deposee le _________________ (date) est en cours, mon inscription initiale datant du: _________________ = (date) 2. Je desire presenter une communication orale ou affichee, intitulee:= _________________ = ______________________________________________________________ Nom et prenom: ___________________________ Adresse:___________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Signature:_________________________ Date:_______________ ************ 2e CIRCULAIRE du CIFCA 96 ***************************** (Une copie non formattee de la 2e circulaire est incluse ci-dessous. Ceux= et celles qui desirent une version formattee (.PDF) de la circulaire= peuvent en faire la demande a: Andre.Desrochers@sbf.ulaval.ca.) Congres International Francophone sur le Comportement Animal (CIFCA)= Universite Laval, Sainte-Foy Quebec, Canada 26-30 juin 1996 Appel aux contributions & programme preliminaire Un congres international francophone sur le comportement animal se tiendra a= Sainte-Foy, Quebec, du 26 au 30 juin 1996. Ce congres est soutenu= conjointement par la Societe Quebecoise pour l'Etude Biologique du= Comportement (SQEBC) et la Societe Francaise pour l'Etude du Comportement= Animal (SFECA). CIFCA '96 offre une occasion aux chercheurs de la= communaute internationale francophone de communiquer leurs travaux de= recherche et de discuter en fran=E7ais. Ce congres a aussi pour but de= faire le point sur les multiples facettes de l'eco-ethologie. Toute= personne interessee par le comportement animal est invitee a participer a= cette premiere francophone. Nous encourageons particulierement la= participation des etudiantes- et etudiants-chercheurs.=20 Le Comite organisateur ---------------------------------------------------- Vue d'ensemble du programme Mardi, 25 juin 18:00-21:00 Accueil des participants Mercredi, 26 juin 08:15-09:00 Accueil des participants et mots de bienvenue Conferences d'ouverture: 09:00-11:45 Pierre Jaisson, Laboratoire d'ethologie experimentale et= comparee,=20 Universite Paris-Nord, France: La sociobiologie: demons et merveilles 10:00-10:45: Pause-sante 10:45-11:45: Graham Bell, Professeur Molson de Genetique, Department of= =20 Biology, McGill University, Montreal:=20 theme: la plasticite 12:00-13:30: Dejeuner 13:30-16:00: Communications affichees et symposium Symposium: Ethologie appliquee 13:30-14:00: Marie-France Bouissou, Laboratoire de comportement animal, Station de physiologie de la reproduction, INRA ,= France: Ethologie appliquee aux bovins 14:00-14:30: Anne-Marie de Passile, Agriculture Canada, station= Lennoxville: Ethologie appliquee 14:30-15:00: Claude Baudoin, Laboratoire d'ethologie experimentale et comparee, Universite Paris-Nord, France: Ethologie humaine et applications 15:00-15:30: Pause-sante 15:30-16:00 Andre Desrochers, Centre de recherche en biologie= forestiere, Universite Laval: Ethologie et amenagement des espaces naturels Jeudi, 27 juin 08:30-10:30: Communications orales 10:00-10:30: Pause-sante 10:30-12:00: Communications orales 12:00-13:30: Dejeuner 13:30-16:00: Communications affichees et symposium Symposium: Modelisation 13:30-14:00: Jean-Louis Deneubourg, Faculte des sciences, CP 160,= Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgique: L'intelligence= distribuee: animaux et automates 14:00-14:30: Ariane Etienne, Vandoeuvres, Suisse: Ethologie de l'orientation 14:30-15:00: Luc-Alain Giraldeau, Departement de biologie, Universite Concordia, Montreal: Approvisionnement: les modeles et l'avenir 15:00-15:30: Pause-sante 15:30-16:00: Pierre-Henri Gouyon, Laboratoire d'evolution et systematique des vegetaux, CNRS, Universite= Paris-Sud, France: L'evolution, les jeux et l'optimalite 16:00-16:30: Louis Lefebvre, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal: Ecologie de la culture et de l'apprentissage Vendredi, 28 juin 08:30-10:30: Communications orales 10:00-10:30: Pause-sante 10:30-12:00: Communications orales 12:00-13:30: Dejeuner 13:30-16:00: Communications affichees et symposium Symposium: Co-evolution 13:30-14:00: Jacques Brodeur, Departement de phytologie, Universite= Laval: Relations hote-parasitoide 14:00-14:30: Claude Combes, Centre de biologie et d'ecologie tropicale et mediterraneenne, Unite Associee, C.N.R.S., Perpignan,= France: Ethologie et transmission de parasites =20 14:30-15:00: Alain Dejean, Laboratoire d'ethologie experimentale et comparee, Universite Paris-Nord, L.S.H.S.,=20 Avenue Jean-Baptiste-Clement,=20 F934309 Villetaneuse, France: Co-evolution plantes-fourmis 15:00-15:30: Pause-sante 15:30-16:00: Pierre Charles-Dominique, Laboratoire d'ecologie generale, Museum d'histoire naturelle, Brunoy, France : Co-evolution plantes-mammiferes 19:00-...: Banquet L'inscription au CIFCA inclut la participation au banquet,= qui se tiendra en plein coeur de la vieille capitale, pres de la= citadelle et du parlement. Les personnes desirant accompagner les=20 congressistes peuvent le faire au co=FBt de $30. Samedi, 29 juin 08:30-10:30: Communications orales 10:00-10:30: Pause-sante 10:30-12:00: Communications orales 12:00-13:30: Dejeuner 13:30-16:00: Communications affichees et symposium Symposium: Strategies reproductives 13:30-14:00: Gonzalo Halffter, Instituto de Ecologia, Veracruz, Mexique: Evolution subsociale 14:00-14:30: Pierre Jouventin, Centre d'etudes de Chize, CEBC= Beauvoir-sur- Niort, France: Strategies reproductives aviaires 14:30-15:00: Laurent Keller, Zoologisches Institut, Universit=E4t Bern,= Suisse: Les conflits reproductifs 15:00-16:30: Pause-sante et Communications affichees ---------------------------------------------------- Dimanche, 30 juin Excursion en bateau: Une excursion sur le Lachance III vous est proposee pour terminer en beaute= cet evenement. Cette excursion, au cout de 62 $, vous fera decouvrir le= charme des Iles de Montmagny, situees a l'Est de l'Ile d'Orleans, a quelque= 50 km a l'Est de Quebec. Un autobus partira de Quebec a 11:00 et conduira les participants a Berthier= (dejeuner), o=F9 le capitaine et son bateau nous accueilleront. Nous= debarquerons sur Grosse Ile, pour une visite guidee de 3 heures du milieu= naturel et des b=E2timents historiques. Le retour a Quebec s'effectuera en= bateau en soiree, permettant ainsi aux visiteurs de voir la ville au= crepuscule, sous un angle attrayant. Nous invitons les personnes desirant accompagner les congressistes. Le co= =FBt pour les personnes accompagnantes sera de 62 $ par personne, incluant= les repas. ---------------------------------------------------- Inscription: Completer et retourner (poste ou telecopieur) la feuille-reponse ci-jointe= ainsi que, le cas echeant, un resume de communication. N'oubliez pas qu'il= faut environ 10 jours pour transmettre une lettre de l'Europe au Quebec.= Afin de nous eviter de dactylographier a nouveau les textes, nous invitons= fortement les auteurs a envoyer une copie de leur resume par courrier= electronique a l'adresse suivante: andre.desrochers@sbf.ulaval.ca. Seuls= les participants qui annuleront leur inscription avant le 1er avril 1996= seront rembourses. Aucun autre remboursement ne sera autorise par CIFCA= '96. Sur le site du congres, le bureau d'accueil et de renseignements sera= localise dans le hall principal du pavillon de Koninck.=20 ---------------------------------------------------- Communications orales: Nous vous encourageons a participer activement au CIFCA '96 par le biais= d'une communication orale ou affichee. Les communications orales auront= une duree de 15 min. plus 5 min. de questions.=20 Communications affichees: La taille des affiches est limitee a 1,3 m x 1,3 m. Rappelez-vous que les= affiches seront lues a partir d'une distance d'au moins 1 metre. Limitez= la quantite de texte; les details peuvent =EAtre specifies sur des feuilles= separees mises a la disposition des participants.=20 ---------------------------------------------------- Transport: Le campus de l'Universite Laval est situe a quelques kilometres du= centre-ville de Quebec. Un boulevard relie directement l'aeroport de= Quebec au campus universitaire (15 min.). Un service d'autocars relie = Montreal a Quebec une fois l'heure. Des espaces de stationnement sont= disponibles pres de tous les pavillons. Le prix du stationnement est de 8$= par jour (en semaine) et les billets sont disponibles par horodateur. Repas:Le campus de l'Universite Laval offre des repas matins, midis et soirs= par l'entremise d'un service varie (cafe, pub et restauration rapide). Des= restaurants hors-campus sont accessibles a pied.=20 Hebergement: Le campus de l'UIniversite Laval offre des chambres dans les= pavillons de residence pour les etudiants, ce qui constitue une solution economique. Cela= constitue une solution economique: 32 $ (+ taxes) la nuit pour une chambre= a occupation simple, incluant le petit-dejeuner. Consultez les= informations dans la brochure ci-jointe. Des chambres ont ete reservees= pour le CIFCA, mais les participants sont responsables de faire leur propre= reservation par l'entremise du formulaire ci-joint. Des hotels sont aussi disponibles a moins d'un kilometre du site du congres.= Veuillez faire votre reservation directement aupres de l'hotel de votre= choix en mentionnant votre participation a CIFCA '96:=20 Le Motel Universel Tel. 1-800-463-4495, telec. +418-653-4486=20 (59 $ simple/double, 64 $ pour 3 ou 4) Hotel Quebec Tel. +418-658-5120, telec. +418-658-4504 (77 $) Hotel Germain-des-Pres Tel. 1-800-463-5253, telec. +418-658-8846 (85 $ simple et double) Hotel des Gouverneurs Sainte-Foy Tel. 1-800-463-2820, telec. +418-651-6797= =20 (85 $ simple et double) Pour d'autres suggestions, vous pouvez contacter l'office du tourisme et des= congres de la communaute urbaine de Quebec, tel. +418-522-3511, telec.= +418-529-3121. ---------------------------------------------------- Formulaire d'inscription Nom et prenom: _______________________Titre: ________ Adresse postale: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Courrier electronique: _______________________________ Telephone: ______________ Telecopieur: ______________ Je prefere donner une: communication orale ______ communication affichee ______ (cochez) Frais d'inscription (Dollars canadiens, les prix incluent les taxes et le banquet): Cochez: Etudiant : avant le 1er avril (50 $) =20 apres le 1er avril (60 $) Non-etudiant: avant le 1er avril (100 $) apres le 1er avril (120 $) Personnes accompagnantes au banquet: 30 $ X ___ personnes=3D_______$ (CAN) Excursion Iles de Montmagny=20 (Inscription obligatoire avant 1er avril) 62$ X ___= personnes=3D_______$ Les frais d'hebergement, de transport et les les repas ne sont pas inclus dans les frais d'inscription. No. de carte de credit: _____ _____ ______ ______ Date d'expiration: ___________ Cochez un des deux: VISA: o MASTERCARD: o Montant total: _____________ SIGNATURE: ______________________ Vous pouvez aussi faire le paiement par traite bancaire en DOLLARS CANADIENS= tires comme correspondant sur une banque canadienne. Les traites= devraient =EAtre a l'ordre de CIFCA '96. Les participants canadiens peuvent= aussi payer par cheque. Resume (directives plus bas): ---------------------------------------------------- Directives pour les resumes Les resumes peuvent =EAtre envoyes, par courrier electronique ou par= disquette, en format Word ou WordPerfect. DATE LIMITE: 1er avril 1996. Les= resumes seront rassembles dans un document fourni a tous les participants,= au debut du congres. Les resumes devraient contenir au maximum 300 mots et= respecter le format suivant:=20 Auteur, A.B., & Auteur, X.Y. Le comportement social chez les organisateurs= de congres. Departement des etudes paternelles, Universite de Paris Ouest,= 12345 France. (Texte...) Les resumes doivent =EAtre soumis au: Comite de programme CIFCA '96 departement de biologie Universite Laval Sainte-Foy, Qc, G1K 7P4 CANADA *************************** HEBERGEMENT *************************** Le Service des residences Hebergement d'ete Congres international francophone sur le comportement animal (CIFCA '96) 26-30 juin 1996 200 chambres a occupation simple ont ete retenues sur la cite universitaire.= Chacun des participants interesse par ce type d'hebergement devra proceder= a sa propre reservation. Tarif: 32,00$ la nuit, (36,47$ taxes comprises au 1er octobre 1995)=20 Services: permis de stationnement, petit dejeuner, draps, serviettes, savonettes, lavabo et telephone dans chaque chambre. Heure de liberation des chambres: 11:00. Les personnes qui voudront prolonger leur sejour seront les bienvenues. Pour reserver, completer et retourner avant le 25 mai 1996. Un depot d'une= nuit est exige. =20 CARTES VISA ET MASTER CARD ACCEPTEES. Nom et prenom: _____________________ Titre: _____________=20 #, Rue/departement, institution: _________________________________________ = _______________________________________________________________ = _______________________________________________________________ Ville: _____________________ Province: _____________________ Code postal: _____________________ Pays: _____________________ No. de carte de credit: _____________________ Date d'expiration: ____________ Cochez un des deux: VISA: o MASTERCARD: o Montant: ___________ SIGNATURE: ___________________________ Date d'arrivee: ____________ Date de depart: _____________ Vous pouvez aussi faire le paiement par traite bancaire en DOLLARS CANADIENS= tires comme correspondant sur une banque canadienne. Les traites= devraient =EAtre a l'ordre de L'Universite LAVAL. Les participants= canadiens peuvent aussi payer par cheque. Il sera possible de recevoir un= remboursement du depot pour une annulation faite au moins 24 heures avant= l'arrivee prevue. Adresse du service d'hebergement: Service des Residences, Pavillon Alphonse-Marie-Parent, Universite Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1K 7P4 CANADA ******* Pour plus de renseignements *********************** Si vous voulez plus de details sur les conferences, le mode de paiement,= etc, veuillez telephoner ou ecrire au: CIFCA '96 Departement de biologie Universite Laval, Sainte-Foy, Qc G1K 7P4 CANADA (+418.656.7833). ou encore ecrire a une des deux adresses suivantes: andre.desrochers@sbf.ulaval.ca. (TELEC. +418.656.3551) baudoin@leec.univ-paris13.fr (TELEC. +33.1.49.40.39.75) Vous =EAtes encourages a photocopier cette circulaire. Parlez-en a votre entourage. Le comite de coordination: Luc-Alain Giraldeau Jacques Brodeur Claude Baudoin Le comite organisateur local: Cyrille Barrette Jacques Bovet Jacques Brodeur Michel Cabanac Andre Desrochers Gilles Gauthier Luc-Alain Giraldeau Micheline Manseau N.B. Le comite organisateur n'acceptera aucune responsabilite pour les= accidents, vols, dommages, delais ou modifications de frais decoulant de= circonstances imprevisibles.=20 ********** Annonce de derniere minute ************************** Observation de l'ours noir et du loup en for=EAt boreale. La compagnie M=EFk=EFn inc. offre une excursion en pleine nature permettant= l'observation photographique de l'ours noir et du loup dans la Reserve= Faunique des Laurentides, a 100 km au nord de la ville de Quebec. Cette excursion post-conference est de deux jours et comprend:=20 Jour 1, lundi 1 juillet * Arrivee a l'auberge de l'Etape, mot de bienvenue et introduction au site * Dejeuner * Descente de riviere en Rabaska (canot) pour se familiariser avec=20 l'habitat de l'orignal et des mammiferes semi-aquatiques. * Observation d'ours et de loups a partir de miradors. * Repas gastronomique offrant des viandes sauvages: caribou seche (Nikku),truite sechee (Pissitt), oie sauvage, truite umee de 'arctique = et caribou en sauce. Les desserts seront a base de fruits sauvages, de = bleuets et de canneberges. * Discussion-causerie en soiree. * Couchee a l'auberge de l'Etape. Jour 2, mardi 2 juillet * Randonnee en for=EAt et explications sur l'ecosysteme quebecois, sur le Comportement des s caribous, orignaux, castors et renards. Observation = de divers signes de presence de ces mammiferes. * Dejeuner en for=EAt * Retour a l'auberge en apres-midi. Ce forfait vous est offert pour la modique somme de $180.00 par personne,= incluant 4 repas, un coucher, les tours guides, le transport sur le site,= les taxes et pourboires (transport de Quebec non compris). Pour faciliter= l'organisation de cette sortie, je demande aux interesses et interessees de= joindre le coupon au bas de cette page a leur formulaire et d'ajouter un= depot de $30 au frais d'inscription. Le nombre de places est limite. Pour= plus de details, contacter Micheline Manseau: e-mail: M.MANSEAU@courrier.cen.ulaval.ca Fax: + 418.656.2978 Telephone: + 418.656.2503 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Nom et adresse: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Je desire participer a l'excursion post-conference du CIFCA'96: _________ Depot de 30$ X ___ personnes =3D _______ $ Priere de confirmer avant le 1er avril From: IN%"wattsjon@duke.usask.ca" "Jon Watts" 20-FEB-1996 18:27:01.34 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: How many in a flock? Someone else just told me that sheep don't show proper flocking behaviour in groups smaller than four. Pointing out that sheepdog trials usually use six sheep so that when they are split into two groups of three, controlling them is a worthwhile challenge for the shepherd and dog. I'm fairly convinced that groups of three tend to bunch together but would believe that four or more would do it more reliably and the group would be more cohesive and more predictable. Perhaps I should go out and worry some sheep? Woof woof! Jon Watts P.S. Naahhh! Too cold. It's february and I'm in Saskatchewan. Anyone in NZ want to put me up for a few days? ;-) From: IN%"delude@hg.uleth.ca" 20-FEB-1996 20:55:44.67 To: IN%"APPLIED-ETHOLOGY@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: steer behaviour An associate has noted that feedlot steers will occasionally mount and ride other steers to such an extent that death may result. Incidental ob- servations have suggested to him that there may be pheromones involved inthe control of this behaviour. Since he does not have access to computer facilities at present, he has asked me to inquire about the existence of published material or ongoing research which relates to this problem. Responses can be directed to my e-mail address for forwarding or snail-mail responses may be sent to: Dr. Ludovic Silasi 413 19th St. N. Lethbridge, Alberta Canada, T1H 3K4 From: IN%"elmer@north.nsis.com" 21-FEB-1996 09:52:33.01 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: tongue rolling has anybody ever done work on the behavorial pattern of tongue playing.we have a herd of jerseys and have noticed family members playing with their tongues and have noticed it in other herds of jerseys as a common occurence but have seen very little in holstein herds.it seems to be more than just boredom in the jerseys since some will take time out from eating to do it. Thanks Elmer Buchanan JBJerseys Toney River, Pictou County, Nova Scotia Canada From: IN%"TalisM@aol.com" 21-FEB-1996 13:45:34.09 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: tongue rolling What specifically do you mean by tongue rolling? I have had experience with 3 Thoroughbred horses in the past who did what I would call tongue rolling or tongue playing. Julia Pollock, Sebastopol CA e-mail:TalisM@aol.com From: IN%"neville.prescott@bbsrc.ac.uk" "PRESCOTT" 22-FEB-1996 05:02:26.33 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: tongue rolling >>has anybody ever done work on the behavorial pattern of tongue playing.we >>have a herd of jerseys and have noticed family members playing with their >>tongues and have noticed it in other herds of jerseys as a common occurence >>but have seen very little in holstein herds.it seems to be more than just >>boredom in the jerseys since some will take time out from eating to do it. >>Thanks >> >>Elmer Buchanan >>JBJerseys >>Toney River, Pictou County, Nova Scotia Canada >> Yup, lots of Japanese work. If you have access to a library try Sato et al 1993. Tongue playing in Japanese Black cattle: Diurnal patterns, analysis of variance and behaviur sequences. Applied Animal Behavior Science (vol and pages ??). Alternatively; Sato et al 1994. Haliperidol Injections entriely suppress tingue-playing in cattle. Journal of Ethology vol 12 pp77-80. I seem to remember that Redbo 1992. The influence of restraint on the occurance of oral stereotypies in dairy cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science vol 35 pp 115-123, was also quite good. Hope this is some use. Neville Prescott From: IN%"AJHAN@vetmed.ucd.ie" 22-FEB-1996 06:19:50.79 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: sheep eyes Deer netters, A colleague would like to know if there is any information available on the 'predation' of sheep eyes by grey crows. He is not interested in any particular age group of sheep ie neonates. Any anecdotes, case studies, papers etc welcomed. Alison J Hanlon Dept. Animal Husbandry and Production Faculty of Vet. Medicine University College Dublin Ballsbridge Dublin 4 tel. 353 1 668 7988 fax. 353 1 660 0883 email: ajhan@vetmed.ucd.ie From: IN%"hemsworthp@woody.agvic.gov.au" "Paul Hemsworth" 22-FEB-1996 21:49:00.80 To: IN%"Taylor@em.agr.ca" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: Feed intake in isolated sheep. When is a sheep a sheep?! Ron Kilgour in one of his many reviews on animal behaviour (Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. (1974). 10: 286-298) also discussed the effects of social factors on sheep social behaviour. In doing so, he reviewed several papers that examined group size effects on productive and behavioural traits (Southcott et al. (1962), Aust. J. agric. Res., 13: 880 & Crofton (1958) Parasitology 48: 251). I trust that these references are also of use. Paul Hemsworth From: IN%"William_R_STRICKLIN@umail.umd.edu" 23-FEB-1996 07:58:16.93 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Feed intake in isolated sheep. In an earlier message, someone mentioned that they had read somewhere that sheep graze in positions that result in positions among head angles that approximate 110 degree relationships. The first report of this was by Crofton (1958) which is referenced below by Paul. Ray Stricklin >When is a sheep a sheep?! > >Ron Kilgour in one of his many reviews on animal behaviour (Proc. >Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. (1974). 10: 286-298) also discussed the effects >of social factors on sheep social behaviour. In doing so, he reviewed >several papers that examined group size effects on productive and >behavioural traits (Southcott et al. (1962), Aust. J. agric. Res., >13: 880 & Crofton (1958) Parasitology 48: 251). > >I trust that these references are also of use. > >Paul Hemsworth > From: IN%"serpell@pobox.upenn.edu" 26-FEB-1996 09:09:51.87 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: JAAWS (New Journal) >Date: Fri, 23 Feb 1996 09:26:31 -0500 (EST) >From: Kenneth Shapiro >To: serpell@pobox.upenn.edu >Subject: jaaws >MIME-Version: 1.0 > >"CALL FOR PAPERS" FOR JAAWS: A MAJOR NEW ANIMAL WELFARE JOURNAL > >The Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science (JAAWS) is issuing >a call for papers. Conceived to promote the emerging field of >animal welfare science, the goal of the journal is to publish >articles and reports on methods of experimentation, husbandry, >and care that demonstrably enhance the welfare of animals. > >The first volume of JAAWS will be published January, 1997 and, >thereafter, on a quarterly basis. > >A coproject of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty >to Animals and Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of >Animals, JAAWS will be published by Lawrence E. Erlbaum. > >For administrative purposes, manuscripts are categorized in four >broad areas of animal welfare science. Section Editors for the >four content areas are: > > David B. Morton, Lab Animals > Joy A. Mench, Farm Animals > James A. Serpell, Companion Animals > Marc Bekoff, Wildlife/Zoo > >Several types of manuscripts are accepted: Articles present new >empirical data or a reevaluation of available data, or conceptual >or theoretical analysis, and are up to 8000 words. These feature >articles are accompanied by several invited critical commentaries >on them, of up to 2500 words each. Reports present scientific >experiments or demonstrations relating to some issue of animal >welfare science and are about 5000 words. > >The deadline for mss. for the inaugural issue is May 1, 1996. > >Send manuscripts and requests for subscription information to >either of the coeditors: Kenneth J. Shapiro, PSYeta, P.O. Box >1297, Washington Grove, MD 20880. Send books for review and other >correspondence to KJS - 301-963-4751 (telephone/fax), >kshapiro@capaccess.org (email) or Stephen Zawistowski, ASPCA, 424 >East 92nd St., New York, NY 10128.  > From: IN%"sed168@ed.sac.ac.uk" 26-FEB-1996 15:16:05.55 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: for all you pig lovers Ahoi! I have this brilliant proposal for a PhD project, on the comparison of vocalisations in a number of wild pig species. All I need is funding! Is there anybody out there who is interested in me? Or does anybody know of potential funding bodies? Please do not hesitate to contact me if you want more details! Cheers, Nathalie ####################################################### "Man has a great power of speech, which is to a large measure vain and false. The animals have little, but that little is useful and true, and a small and sure thing is better than a great lie." dixit Leonardo da Vinci Nathalie Van Moeffaert MSc Applied Animal Behaviour and Animal Welfare School of Agriculture University of Edinburgh 165, 1FR Dalkeith Road Edinburgh EH16 5BX 0131/6674564 ###################################################### From: IN%"IDUNCAN@APS.UoGuelph.CA" 27-FEB-1996 10:59:01.16 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Guelph96 Dear All, We have received 130 Abstracts for the ISAE Congress in Guelph in August; an excellent response. All Abstracts have now been acknowledged. If you have sent an Abstract and have not been acknowledged, please contact Derek Haley :- dhaley@aps.uoguelph.ca (I am going to be away from my terminal for a few days) Yours, Ian J.H.Duncan From: IN%"Henrik.B.Simonsen@ihh.kvl.dk" "Henrik B Simonsen" 27-FEB-1996 11:37:34.64 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: ISAE European Council Fund Dear All. As some of you may know I have a job as fundraiser for The ISAE European Council Fund. These years the agenda of The Council of Europe's animal welfare work covers the subjects Pet animals, Poyltry production (ostriches, geese and ducks) and Transportation of animals. The European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals went into force in 1992 and resolutions in relation to Wild animals kept as pets, Stray animals and identification and Breeding and surgical operations are under preparation. If you have names and addresses on possible donators for this important ISAE work please do not hessitate to contact me. Thanking you in advance I send my best regards to all. Henrik B. Simonsen Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Division of Ethology and Health B#lowsvej 13 DK-1870 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark Phone +45 35 28 30 14/ 3010 Fax +45 35 28 30 22 E-mail hbs@kvl.dk From: IN%"apn6mav@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk" "M.A. VARLEY" 28-FEB-1996 07:13:38.39 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: (Fwd) Illinois hog farms Dear All The message below may be of interest to some members From: vincent@hawaii.edu (Douglas L. Vincent, Ph.D.) To: "Pig Farming discussion group" Subject: Illinois hog farms Date: Tue, 27 Feb 1996 08:35:54 -1000 I pulled this off of the Animal Rights (ar-news) line Hogfarmers might be interested in it. aloha >Sender: ar-news-owner@cygnus.com >This is a request to all Illinois residents to write Governor James Edgar, >State House, Springfield, IL, 62706, asking him to ban corporate farming >and the confinement method of raising livetock (as in factory farming) in >Illinois. Some explanation: > >You are probably aware that corporate hog mega farms are fanning out across >the midwest and coming into Illinois at growing numbers. We are at a >crossroads of choosing between agriculture and agribusiness. The farmers >who raise hogs, generally in a more humane manner, are at risk of losing >their livelihood because they are kept out of the competition by the huge >corporate factory farms. There is vertical integration going on in >agriculture as in everything else and the farmers are kept out of the market >by the corporate giants. It will be a sorry thing for us if our food supply >falls exclusively in the hands of corporations whose motive is only, solely, >profit. > >Corporate farms also sap the vitality from rural areas as profits go to >investors instead of the local economy. Independent farmers are essential >to our country's political and social welbeing. > >Nebraska has a ban on corporate farming written into its constitution. They >have maintained their prduction and increased the number of farmers there as >well. > >I assume you already know the horrors of factory farming with their cruelty >to animals, pollution of land and water, and degradation they bring to the >lives of rural people. > >This is a political year, decisions are being made now as to the future of >livestock production in Illinois and therefore an opportune time to register >our opposition to corporate mega factory farming. Please write to the >governor; your letters can have an influence on what happens in our state. >Also, if you attend political meetings, please make this an issue with the >candidates. > >Thanks for your help. For more information write me at above e-mail address >- ask for Jane. > > Douglas L. Vincent Department of Animal Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa vincent@Hawaii.edu ANSC Web Site: http://www2.hawaii.edu/ansc/welcome.html Dr Mike Varley Department of Animal Physiology and Nutrition The University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT; tel 01132 333062, Fax 01132 333072 Mobile 0864 102531; apn6mav@leeds.ac.uk Visit with us at: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/apn/apn.html From: IN%"idcaust@iinet.net.au" 28-FEB-1996 08:17:24.35 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: New subsciber/info request circus animals Hello to all in the network My name is Di Evans. I am a vet who currently works for Agriculture Western Australia (state agriculture department) and am planning to start a Masters at Murdoch University this year looking at developing a model for animal trades or industries to develop and promote their own animal welfare standards/codes. I have a question and hope that someone may have some ideas. I'm interested to know if there is any information on methods used to train circus animals and what effect these methods have on normal natural behaviour. Any comments would be welcome. Thanks Di Evans From: IN%"HARRISM@sask.usask.ca" "Moira Harris" 28-FEB-1996 10:24:27.78 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Megafarms Dear All, a comment about the message Mike Varley reposted from ar-news. I wonder what makes this pressure group think that "small" farmers are any kinder to their animals than mega operations? It seems to me we are talking about 2 separate issues here: U.S. mega operations, and their effects on community, environment, etc (which I don't know enough about to comment upon), and standards of animal care and housing in pig operations. Confinement agriculture -- if this means gestation stalls, farrowing crates, poultry cages (it's not pc to say "battery cage" I understand -- is certainly not restricted to large production operations, so banning this kind of operation, whatever other effects this has, will not necessarily improve animal welfare. - Moira Harris (ps I do know the difference btw a pig and a chicken .. got carried away with examples of confinement housing). From: IN%"apn6mav@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk" "M.A. VARLEY" 29-FEB-1996 03:38:22.24 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Megafarms Dear Moira and all Yes I agree with your comments that whether a farm is big or small, if it has the same intensive features (stalls, flat-decks, crates etc) then it may still induce poor welfare. There is a general understanding however that smaller farms (in Europe at least) tend to run less intensive systems overall and are also run principally with family labour with little reliance on outside hired labour. In this situation the animal-human ratios are lower and animals can recieve more individual attention. It does not make the system a better system but it goes a long way to improving the lives of the animals. it is of course hard to prove such a point although we could look at various survey data to establish the relationships involved. All regards Mike Varley Dr Mike Varley Department of Animal Physiology and Nutrition The University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT; tel 01132 333062, Fax 01132 333072 Mobile 0864 102531; apn6mav@leeds.ac.uk Visit with us at: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/apn/apn.html From: IN%"F.Toates@open.ac.uk" "F.Toates (Fred Toates)" 29-FEB-1996 04:36:40.76 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: A lost reference - sperm competition Dear All, Could anyone help me to find a reference to something that I believe I read about 2 years ago but am begining to think I might simply have dreamed. It was a paper that might start to rescue sociobiology from its male dominated image. I thought it was in "Animal Behaviour" but can't find it now. Someone suggested that in human females if there is multiple partner's sperm present at a given time there is a competition for sperm and that the best swimmer wins. In this sense, female fidelity might not be such a sociobiological prize possession after all. Does anyone recall it and where it was? Thanks, Fred From: IN%"STOOKEY@sask.usask.ca" 29-FEB-1996 09:21:40.61 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Megafarms > There is a general understanding however that smaller farms (in > Europe at least) tend to run less intensive systems overall and > are also run principally with family labour with little reliance on outside > hired labour. In this situation the animal-human ratios are lower and > animals can recieve more individual attention. It does not make the > system a better system but it goes a long way to improving the lives > of the animals. it is of course hard to prove such a point although > we could look at various survey data to establish the relationships > involved. In my opinion, the individual(s) who looks after the animals represent the greatest contribution to the animal's welfare. It has relatively little to do with size of the operation. I have seen small family swine operations that have absolutely horrible conditions and suffering animals (even suffering sows in group housing). Size of the operation is not a reliable predictor of the care that animals receive. Ask any SPCA inspector and they will tell you the same thing. Just because the ratio of animals to people is lower on some family farms compared to large commercial operations does not mean the animals receive more or better care. In fact the opposite may be true. If you hire a person to work on the swine operation he/she will spend roughly 8 h a day working with the swine. How many hours a day do you think a single farmer can spend with his pigs when he/she is also responsible for paying bills, buying and mixing feed, tending crops, repairing the roof, working on the tractor, hauling manure, hauling supplies and animals, etc. etc.? Hemsworth's work on the level of fear expressed by sows towards humans is not based on size of the operation, but is dependent upon the human's attitude and behaviour toward the pigs. I do not believe that the single farmer automatically has the best attitude or behaviour when working with his stock. I have seen too many cranky farmers to believe that is true! The truth is that the number of small family swine operations is diminishing. More and more swine will be produced by the larger intensive operations. If you want to have an impact on improving the welfare of swine you must have the attention and the respect of the larger producers and their help. I do not believe ethologists will gain that respect by believing or saying that animals are better off on small family farms, when in reality it is the care taker's attitude that is the most important factor. There is much to grieve about on the loss of the small family farm, but I am not convinced animal welfare is one of them. Just trying to stir the pot! :) Joe ====================================== Joseph M. Stookey Department of Herd Medicine and Theriogenology Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W0 Canada stookey@sask.usask.ca ===================================== From: IN%"wattsjon@duke.usask.ca" "Jon Watts" 29-FEB-1996 09:56:47.20 To: IN%"F.Toates@open.ac.uk" "F.Toates (Fred Toates)" CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: A lost reference - sperm competition On Thu, 29 Feb 1996, F.Toates (Fred Toates) wrote: > Dear All, > Could anyone help me to find a reference to something that I believe I read > about 2 years ago but am begining to think I might simply have dreamed. It was a > paper that might start to rescue sociobiology from its male dominated image. I > thought it was in "Animal Behaviour" but can't find it now. Someone suggested > that in human females if there is multiple partner's sperm present at a given > time there is a competition for sperm and that the best swimmer wins. In this > sense, female fidelity might not be such a sociobiological prize possession > after all. > > Does anyone recall it and where it was? > Thanks, > Fred > Fred, I think the work you are referring to is one or more of these papers by Baker and Bellis on sperm competition in humans. The abstracts make interesting reading. I heard them give a talk once on this subject. I seem to remember them claiming that 1 in 4 Americans doesn't have the father they think they do. Jon Watts TI: Do females promote sperm competition? Data for humans. AU: Bellis,-Mark-A.; Baker,-R.-Robin IN: Victoria U of Manchester, England JN: Animal-Behaviour; 1990 Nov Vol 40(5) 997-999 IS: 00033472 LA: English PY: 1990 AB: Examined the frequency of extra-pair copulations (EPCs) by 2,708 female humans in relation to the probability of conception on days 6-20 of a 28-day menstrual cycle. Data are interpreted as supporting a sperm competition theory of double-mating behav ior. (PsycLIT Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved) KP: probability of conception; frequency of extra pair copulations; adult females; test of sperm competition theory of double mating behavior DE: MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; PSYCHOSEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL-INTERCOURSE-HUMAN; COUPLES-; HUMAN-FEMALES; ADULTHOOD- CC: 2980; 29 PO: Human AG: Adult UD: 9105 AN: 78-12464 JC: 1059 TI: Human sperm competition: Ejaculate adjustment by males and the function of masturbation. AU: Baker-R-R; Bellis-M-A CS: Dep. Environmental Biol., Univ. Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK SO: Animal Behaviour 46(5): 861-885 PY: 1993 IS: 0003-3472 LA: English AB: Sperm competition theory argues that the number of sperm inseminated into a female by a male is a trade-off between two opposing pressures. On the one hand, the risk that sperm may find themselves in competition with the sperm from another male favou rs the male inseminating more sperm. On the other hand, ejaculates are costly to produce and males are favoured who economize over the number of sperm inseminated. This paper analyses: (1) sperm numbers and other ejaculation data for 35 human couples; and (2) data relating to the most recent copulation reported by 3587 women. Three sets of predictions based on sperm competition theory are tested. These are that the number of sperm inseminated should be a function of: (1) risk of sperm competition; (2) fem ale reproductive value; and (3) optimum partitioning of ejaculates between successive in-pair copulations. During in-pair copulation the male used successive inseminations to 'top-up' the population of sperm in his female partner. In accordance with sperm competition theory: (1) individual males inseminated more sperm when the pair had spent a smaller proportion of their time together and hence risk of sperm competition was greater; and (2) larger females were inseminated with more sperm than smaller fema les. In apparent contradiction to sperm competition theory, the number of sperm inseminated did not vary according to female orgasm pattern or the probability of conception. This apparent failure of the theory may instead be due to the male's lack of nece ssary information. Paradoxically, male mammals seem to waste huge numbers of sperm through spontaneous emission and self-masturbation. Such shedding of sperm could be adaptive if it led to more competitive and/or more fertile inseminates at the next copul ation. The data showed that a recent male masturbation reduced the number of sperm inseminated at the next copulation but not the number retained by the female. It is concluded that masturbation is a male strategy to increase sperm fitness without increas ing sperm numbers in the female tract. The possibility that, in the absence of sperm competition, the probability of fertilization decreases if too many sperm are inseminated is discussed. This latter factor may be more important than ejaculate cost in fa vouring male restraint over the number of sperm inseminated. DE: RESEARCH ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COPULATION; INSEMINATION; CONCEPTION; FEMALE ORGASM PATTERN; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; SPERM FITNESS; FERTILIZATION; MALE RESTRAINT CC: CC07004 (Behavioral-Biology-Human-Behavior); CC16504 (Reproductive-System-Physiology-and-Biochemistry) BC: BC86215 Hominidae ST: Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Mammals; Primates; Humans JA: Biological Abstracts Vol. 97, Iss. 3, Ref. 34752. UD: 9401 TI: Human sperm competition: Ejaculate manipulation by females and a function for the female orgasm. AU: Baker-R-R; Bellis-M-A CS: Dep. Environmental Biol., Univ. Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK SO: Animal Behaviour 46(5): 887-909 PY: 1993 IS: 0003-3472 LA: English AB: Behavioural ecologists view monogamy as a subtle mixture of conflict and cooperation between the sexes. In part, conflict and cooperation is cryptic, taking place within the female's reproductive tract. In this paper the cryptic interaction for human s was analysed using data from both a nationwide survey and counts of sperm inseminated into, and ejected by, females. On average, 35% of sperm were ejected by the female within 30 min of insemination. The occurrence and timing of female orgasm in relatio n to copulation and mate ejaculation influenced the number of sperm retained at both the current and next copulation. Orgasms that climaxed at any time between 1 min before the male ejaculated up to 45 min after led to a high level of sperm retention. Lac k of climax or a climax more than 1 min before the male ejaculated led to a low level of sperm retention. Sperm from one copulation appeared to hinder the retention of sperm at the next copulation for up to 8 days. The efficiency of the block declined wit h time after copulation but was fixed at its current level by an inter-copulatory orgasm which thus reduced sperm retention at the next copulation. Inter-copulatory orgasms are either spontaneous (= nocturnal) or induced by self-masturbation or stimulatio n by a partner. It is argued that orgasms generate a blow-suck mechanism that takes the contents of the upper vagina into the cervix. These contents include sperm and seminal fluid if present; acidic vaginal fluids if not. Inter-copulatory orgasms will th erefore lower the pH of the cervical mucus and either kill or reduce the mobility of any sperm that attempt to penetrate from reservoirs in the cervical crypts. Intercopulatory orgasms may also serve an antibiotic function. Copulatory and inter-copulatory orgasms endow females with considerable flexibility in their manipulation of inseminates. The data suggest that, in purely monandrous situations, females reduced the number of sperm retained, perhaps as a strategy to enhance conception. During periods of infidelity, however, females changed their orgasm pattern. The changes would have been cryptic to the male partners and would numerically have favoured the sperm from the extra-pair male, presumably raising his chances of success in sperm competition wit h the female's partner. DE: RESEARCH ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; SPERM RETENTION; COPULATION; INSEMINATION; ORGASM PATTERN; INFIDELITY; MONOGAMY CC: CC05500 (Social-Biology-Human-Ecology); CC07004 (Behavioral-Biology-Human-Behavior); CC16504 (Reproductive-System-Physiology-and-Biochemistry) BC: BC86215 Hominidae ST: Animals; Chordates; Vertebrates; Mammals; Primates; Humans JA: Biological Abstracts Vol. 97, Iss. 3, Ref. 34751. UD: 9401 From: IN%"CHolm@ZI.KU.DK" "Holm, Christine {ZI-APB}" 29-FEB-1996 09:57:59.00 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology-error" CC: Subj: To Fred: RE: A lost reference (Appl. Ethol.) Return-path: Received: from vale.adm.ku.dk by SKYCAT.USask.CA (PMDF V4.3-11 #5952) id <01I1S56LLCNK8Y65RI@SKYCAT.USask.CA>; Thu, 29 Feb 1996 09:57:47 -0600 (CST) Received: from host.domain (garm.adm.ku.dk [130.225.127.34]) by vale.adm.ku.dk (8.7.4/8.7) with SMTP id QAA09025 for ; Thu, 29 Feb 1996 16:57:20 +0100 (MET) Received: from AKI.KU.DK (aki.ku.dk [130.225.206.2]) by garm.adm.ku.dk (8.7.4/8.7.2) with SMTP id QAA12552 for ; Thu, 29 Feb 1996 16:57:19 +0100 (MET) Received: by AKI.KU.DK with Microsoft Mail id <3135DA90@AKI.KU.DK>; Thu, 29 Feb 96 16:55:44 DST Date: Thu, 29 Feb 96 16:47:00 DST From: "Holm, Christine {ZI-APB}" Subject: To Fred: RE: A lost reference (Appl. Ethol.) To: applied-ethology-error Message-id: <3135DA90@AKI.KU.DK> X-Mailer: Microsoft Mail V3.0 Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Encoding: 101 TEXT Dear Fred, I looked in our database and this is what I found. Could it be what you're looking for? And, please add your personal e-mailaddress to postings, letters of this kind might not be of interest to the entire list. Best regards Christine Holm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Christine Holm, M. Sc. Dept. of Population Biology --------------------------------- University of Copenhagen Time flies like the wind Denmark Fruit flies like bananas E-mail: cholm@zi.ku.dk --------------------------------- Fax: +45 35 32 12 99 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TI: Human sperm competition: Ejaculate adjustment by males and the function of masturbation AU: Baker,-R.R.; Bellis,-M.A. SO: ANIM.-BEHAV. 1993 vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 861-885 PY: 1993 LA: English AB: Sperm competition theory argues that the number of sperm inseminated into a female by a male is a trade-off between two opposing pressures. On the one hand, the risk that sperm may find themselves in competition with the sperm from another male favours the male inseminating more sperm. On the other hand, ejaculates are costly to produce and males are favoured who economize over the number of sperm inseminated. This paper analyses: (1) sperm numbers and other ejaculation data for 35 human couples; and (2) data relating to the most recent copulation reported by 3587 women. Three sets of predictions based on sperm competition theory are tested. These are that the number of sperm inseminated should be a function of: (1) risk of sperm competition; (2) female reproductive value; and (3) optimum partitioning of ejaculates between successive in-pair copulations. The data showed that a recent male masturbation reduced the number of sperm inseminated at the next copulation but not the number retained by the female. It is concluded that masturbation is a male strategy to increase sperm fitness without increasing sperm numbers in the female tract. The possibility that, in the absence of sperm competition, the probability of fertilization decreases if too many sperm are inseminated is discussed. This latter factor may be more important than ejaculate cost in favouring male restraint over the number of sperm inseminated. TI: Human sperm competition: Ejaculate manipulation by females and a function for the female orgasm AU: Baker,-R.R.; Bellis,-M.A. SO: ANIM.-BEHAV. 1993 vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 887-909 PY: 1993 LA: English AB: In this paper the cryptic interaction for humans was analysed using data from both a nationwide survey and counts of sperm inseminated into, and ejected by, females. On average, 35% of sperm were ejected by the female within 30 min of insemination. The occurrence and timing of female orgasm in relation to copulation and male ejaculation influenced the number of sperm retained at both the current and next copulation. Orgasms that climaxed at any time between 1 min before the male ejaculated up to 45 min after led to a high level of sperm retention. Lack of climax or a climax more than 1 min before the male ejaculated led to a low level of sperm retention. Inter-copulatory orgasms may also serve an antibiotic function. Copulatory and inter-copulatory orgasms endow females with considerable flexibility in their manipulation of inseminates. The data suggest that, in purely monandrous situations, females reduced the number of sperm retained, perhaps as a strategy to enhance conception. During periods of infidelity, however, females changed their orgasm pattern. The changes would have been cryptic to the male partners and would numerically have favoured the sperm from the extra-pair male, presumably raising his chances of success in sperm competition with the female's partner. TI: Human sperm competition. AU: Smith-R-L SO: Smith, R.L. [Ed.] Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating systems. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, San Diego etc. 1984: i-xxi, 1-687. Chapter Pagination: 601-659, illustr. PY: 1984 ---------- From: applied-ethology-error To: Applied-ethology Subject: A lost reference - sperm competition Date: 29. February 1996 10.34 Dear All, Could anyone help me to find a reference to something that I believe I read about 2 years ago but am begining to think I might simply have dreamed. It was a paper that might start to rescue sociobiology from its male dominated image. I thought it was in "Animal Behaviour" but can't find it now. Someone suggested that in human females if there is multiple partner's sperm present at a given time there is a competition for sperm and that the best swimmer wins. In this sense, female fidelity might not be such a sociobiological prize possession after all. Does anyone recall it and where it was? Thanks, Fred From: IN%"Ingvar.Ekesbo@hhyg.slu.se" "Ingvar Ekesbo" 1-MAR-1996 01:19:14.13 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: HEIFERS NOT USING CUBICLES Dear Ute, The problem you mention is very familiar for me. Maybe I mentioned it already in my thesis (published in Acta Agr. Scand. Suppl. 15, 1966) but I have not for the moment time to control where I first published these observations. In short: if heifers have been kept on slatted floors as calves and as young and/or as young tied without bedding they often show this behaviour not to use the cubicles. Especially if the cubicles have not very much bedding. According to my experience of cubicle systems since the early 1960s the best way to avoid the problem is to keep the calves already after the age of two-three months in cubicles. Ingvar +#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+# # Ingvar Ekesbo Ingvar Ekesbo + + Vet.med.dr.;Dr.h.c.;Professor DVM,PhD,Dr.h.c.,Professor # # Inst. för Husdjurshygien Dept. of Animal Hygiene + + Box 345 P.O.B. 345 # # 532 24 SKARA S-532 24 SKARA SWEDEN + + Tel: 0511-67246 Tel: +46 511 67246 # # FAX: 0511-67204 FAX: +46 511 67204 + + Email:Ingvar.Ekesbo@hhyg.slu.seEmail:Ingvar.Ekesbo@hhyg.slu.se # +#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+# From: IN%"Per.Jensen@hhyg.slu.se" 1-MAR-1996 04:01:38.20 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Megafarms and humans Dear all, Joe Stookey rises an interesting question in his last message to the network. He restates a frequently used statement, that the human caretaker is THE MOST important environmental factor with regard to animal welfare. I don't believe that at all. Even if it is frequently said, where are the data to support such a statement? In fact, some commonsense contradicts it. For example, in a battery hen house, thousands of hens are exposed 24 h/day to the non-human environmental factors, such as crowding, incapacity to carry out certain species-specific behaviour, etc. The human caretaker may spend fractions of seconds on each hen every day. It appears very unlikely that this particular environmental factor would be comparable to all the non-human ones in importance with regard to welfare. Another example: fattening pigs are kept in hundreds or even thousands on each farm, each pig spending maybe four months in total on the farm. If we assume a farm with 1000 pigs, one person working 8 hrs/day in the fattening house would be able to devote about 30 s per day to each pig. That level of human influence should be compared to 24 h of exposure to crowding, lack of straw, high levels of noise and various noxious gases, or whatever. I'm convinced that other factors than the quality of the human caretaker are much more important, in particular since no farmer today can afford to have a person (himself or anyone else) working 8 h/day on 1000 pigs. Or to state it in another, slightly more scientific way: I suggest that the variation in animal welfare (measured by e g health and behaviour) is attributable to variation in non-human environmental factors to a much larger extent than to human factors. If anyone has any evidence to support the opposite, please let us see them. I do not think that the (brilliant) studies of e g Hemsworth and coworkers on human-animal relationships are relevant here, since they do not attempt at all to quantify the importance of the human factor. They show beyond doubt that the attitude of the farmer may affect the behaviour and maybe the welfare of pigs, but not how much in comparison to other factors. To me it appears clear that we should concentrate on optimizing the welfare aspects of the non-human environmental factors. Whether this should be done on small or large farms is another question, which I will not comment on here. Best wishes, Per ******************************************************************* Per Jensen Professor of Ethology __/\______________9 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,\ o I Department of Animal Hygiene, \- I Section of Ethology \_______________I SKARA, SWEDEN /\ /\ E-mail: Per.Jensen@hhyg.slu.se / \ / \ ******************************************************************* From: IN%"apn6mav@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk" "M.A. VARLEY" 1-MAR-1996 04:25:37.04 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Megafarms-Minifarms Dear Joe and all I wonder whether Canadian producers are different to European producers in attitude to stock.?? I agree with Joe that a small farm is certainly not a guarantee of a high standard of welfare but I would still contend that ON AVERAGE this is the case. There are always extreme examples which do not fit to the pattern as with all data sets but the smaller specialist farmer who needs to scratch a living from his animal enterprize generally needs to operate under the best conditions possible for animal care and attention (and usually will do so). Meat and Livestock Commission data from the UK with about 850 herds or so involved of all different types have shown in the past that on the smaller farms, there is a higher level of individual animal performance in terms of reproductive characteristics and of growth. This of course is only one individual measure used to indicate welfare which has been used by others as an index). The really top producing MLC pig farms are usually less than 150 sows, weaning later rather than earlier and using only family labour. I wonder if Paul Hemsworth's earlier work on aversion/fear responses between farms would shed any light on this? The farms he used in The Netherlands were presumably of different types??? (stirring the pot some more !!!) Mike Varley Dr Mike Varley Department of Animal Physiology and Nutrition The University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT; tel 01132 333062, Fax 01132 333072 Mobile 0864 102531; apn6mav@leeds.ac.uk Visit with us at: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/apn/apn.html From: IN%"Per.Jensen@hhyg.slu.se" 1-MAR-1996 07:31:05.67 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Megafarms and humans - reply Dear all again, Sorry for jumping back in so soon, but I felt I would respond immediately to dr Signoret's message. My point is that variation between farms that appear similar does not prove that it is the human factor that is the important difference. If the human factor has not been estimated directly with quantitative variables and been found to account for the larger portion of the variation in the studies, I still feel you are beyond science in stating that the human is THE MOST important factor. I could think of a series of variables that may account for variations between farms utilising the same system. Type of feed, feeding equipment, feeding routines, types and capacity and noise of fans, climatic variations (wind, temperature, etc) in- and outside the buildings, type of and amount of straw, etc, etc. You can only conclude about the variables you have actually measured. If you fail to find a significant effect of the ones you measure, you can not conclude that it's probably because of a particular variable outside your control (e g human caretaking). However, if dr Signoret DID measure variables to specifically estimate human effects, his arguments would be valid. If so, I would be most interested to learn about those data. Best wishes, Per ******************************************************************* Per Jensen Professor of Ethology __/\______________9 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,\ o I Department of Animal Hygiene, \- I Section of Ethology \_______________I SKARA, SWEDEN /\ /\ E-mail: Per.Jensen@hhyg.slu.se / \ / \ *******************************************************************