From: IN%"IDUNCAN@APS.UoGuelph.CA" 16-MAY-1996 13:09:11.25 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Reference Dear All, Can anyone help me trace a reference? The researcher's name is Licklitter (initials unknown) and the topic is communication between avian embryos and human beings - possibly recognition of a human voice by avian embryos. If anyone knows of this name, and can give me ANY reference to ANY publications, I would be extremely grateful. Yours sincerely Ian Duncan University of Guelph From: IN%"mrenner@wcupa.edu" "Renner, Michael" 16-MAY-1996 14:47:31.83 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "'Applied Ethology List'" CC: Subj: FW: Reference Amazing what you can find on the 'web. ...from the Virginia Polytechnic Univ. WWW site: -------------------------------------------------- ROBERT LICKLITER Office: 5093H Derring Phone: (540) 231 - 5346 or (540) 231 - 7419 (lab) Email: duckling@vt.edu Office Hours (Spring 1996): M & W 10-11:00; Th & F 12-1:00 (Ph.D., University of California, Davis, 1983), Associate Professor of Psychology and Area Director for the department's Psychological Sciences graduate program, came to Virginia Tech in 1986. He's a comparative developmental psychologist who emphasizes a psychobiological approach to the study of early perceptual and social development. He teaches undergraduate-level Physiological Psychology, Developmental Psychology, and Animal Behavior courses, and graduate-level courses in Developmental Psychobiology, and Developmental Theory. Dr. Lickliter was recently awarded the College of Art and Sciences Certificate of Teaching Excellence. Dr. Lickliter's current work focuses on the prenatal and early postnatal determinants of perceptual development, especially early intersensory functioning. He's also involved in research on the experiential basis of brain lateralization and the role of peer interaction in early perceptual and social development. His work has been published in such journals as Developmental Review, Developmental Psychobiology, Ecological Psychology, Infant Behavior and Development, and theQuarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. He is a consulting editor for two journals, the Journal of Comparative Psychology and Developmental Psychobiology. ---------- From: applied-ethology-error To: applied-ethology Subject: Reference Date: Thursday, May 16, 1996 3:07PM Dear All, Can anyone help me trace a reference? The researcher's name is Licklitter (initials unknown) and the topic is communication between avian embryos and human beings - possibly recognition of a human voice by avian embryos. If anyone knows of this name, and can give me ANY reference to ANY publications, I would be extremely grateful. Yours sincerely Ian Duncan University of Guelph From: IN%"ajn1000@cus.cam.ac.uk" "A.J. Nimon" 16-MAY-1996 14:56:53.13 To: IN%"IDUNCAN@APS.UoGuelph.CA" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: Reference I should be very grateful if anyone responding to Ian Duncan's request would post their reply to the network, as I would also be interested in the research he describes. Amanda Nimon. From: IN%"IDUNCAN@APS.UoGuelph.CA" 17-MAY-1996 06:55:37.55 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: R. Licklitter Dear All, I am most grateful to everyone who responded to my request about information on Licklitter. Michael Renner's reply went out to everyone - so we can all now write a biography on Dr. Licklitter! Thank you Michael. Thanks also to Davide Csermely who supplied a reference which I give below so that anyone interested can get into the literature. Licklitter, R. and Gottlieb, G. 1985. Social interaction with siblings is necessary for visual imprinting of species-specific maternal preferences in ducklings (Anas platyrhychos). J. comp. Psychol., 99: 371-379. Thank you all once again. Yours sincerely, Ian J.H. Duncan University of Guelph From: IN%"paolac@planet.it" 20-MAY-1996 16:12:58.49 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Special Issue E&A Announcement: publication of the multilingual issue of Etica & Animali (from Paola Cavalieri). ETICA & ANIMALI 8 (1996) Special issue devoted to The Great Ape Project Contents =46rom the Editor Paola Cavalieri and Will Kymlicka, Expanding the Social Contract Robert Elliot, Solidarity, Property Rights, Redistribution and the Great Ape= s Michael Allen Fox, Planet for the Apes Birut=E9 M. F. Galdikas and Gary L. Shapiro, Orangutan Ethics Takayoshi Kano, Lingomo-Bongoli, Gen'ichi Idani and Chie Hashimoto, The Challenge of Wamba Volker Sommer, "Sind Affen denn auch Leute?" Ja. Denn zwischen Natur und Kultur flie=DFen die =DCberg=E4nge Carlo Foppa, L'insoutenable poids de la th=E9orie de l'=E9volution Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, Taking Evolution Seriously: A Matter of Primate Intelligence Kristin Andrews, The First Step in the Case for Great Ape Equality: The Argument for Other Minds Dieter Birnbacher, The Great Apes - Why They Have a Right to Life Lorenzo Pe=F1a, Anthropoid Rights and Paternalism Presentation by Paola Cavalieri, editor The Great Ape Project, published in 1993, shows that we should respect at least some nonhuman beings as our moral equals, giving equal consideration to their interests as to ours. We now know that chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans have the very same capacities that warrant regarding all humans as moral equals. Consequently strong legal, economic and political protection must be provided for the individual members of these species. Three years on, the special issue, devoted to the Great Ape Project, of Etica & Animali bears witness to the vitality of, and widespread support for, the view that other great apes are our moral equals. In this volume, authors from a variety of cultural backgrounds, including the continental intellectual tradition, discuss and develop the view. The question as to the moral standing of the nonhuman great apes is positioned within contemporary debates in evolutionary biology, philosophy of mind, anthropology and applied ethics. Furthermore, discussion of notions such as bi-cultural citizenship, moral space, and collective rights to resources, provides a basis for framing and implementing the extended sphere of moral equals so that justice might be secured for the nonhuman great apes. The issue also includes descriptions of some individual attempts to improve on the current situation of nonhuman great apes. The respective authors believe that no piecemeal approach to securing justice for nonhuman great apes is likely to be particularly successful. Moving from a theory of universal human rights - arguably the ethical paradigm of the present - to a theory of universal anthropoid rights requires significant changes to dominant worldviews. Hopefully this special issue of Etica & Animali will contribute to the required changes. =46or more informations: http://194.21.24.2/freewww/gap_etica/home.html e-mail: gap_etica@planet.it From: IN%"tsutton@ilink.nis.za" "Tim Sutton" 22-MAY-1996 09:06:14.82 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Introduction of myself to the Applied-ethology (Tim Sutton, South Africa) It is my pleasure to be a new subscriber to the applied-ethology network. I am a nature conservator at Potberg Environmental Education Centre, in the De Hoop Nature Reserve. This 35 000 ha reserve is situated 60km from Bredasdorp which is near the southern tip of Africa, the cape of Aghulas. De Hoop is one of the largest nature reserves conserving 'fynbos' vegetation, the sclerypherous vegetation of the Cape Floral Kingdom. In addition to unigue plant communities and species that occur in the nature reserve, several large antelope species occur in the reserve, including the rare Bontebok (Damaliscus dorcas dorcas) and Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra zebra). Both these antelope species are no longer found outside of nature reserves, and both had limited distribution ranges. The large(ish) populations occurring in the reserve (E. zebra = +/- 50, D. dorcas +/- 600) allow for useful behavioural observation to be made of these animals. My primary field of interest, from an ethological point of view has been in the bontebok. The bontebok is a selective grazer, occuring on short grassy coastal plains and in freshly burnt veld. The social organisation is differentiated into three main social units: Territorial males which actively defend breeding territories from other males, areas of optimal grazing. This active territorial defense can take the form of either hornclashing or a series of ritualised behaviour patterns. Harem Herds wich are usually associated with a territorial male, especially in breeding. They may number up to about 8 animals including male or female juveniles (less than 1yr), female yearlings (1 to 2 years old) and breeding females (>2yrs). Bachelor Herds: Males of ages > 1 year (and occasionally yearling). These are larger herds, numbering over 80 animals on occasion. Perhaps, if I have time, and interest is shown, I could present a more detailed synopsis of the behaviour for this network. I am currently studying a B. Tech degree in Nature Conservation, majoring in reserve management, and thus am chiefly interested in animal behaviour from the perspective of how it affects management of veld and animal populations). I would welcome any correspondence at tsutton@ilink.nis.za Your's sincerely, Tim Sutton From: IN%"pdkaio@pobox.ruu.nl" 23-MAY-1996 04:03:13.89 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Searching Mike Appleby Hello Mike Appleby, I can't find your e-mail address anywhere, please contact. Best wishes, Pascalle van Loo * Department of Laboratory Animal Science * * Utrecht University ( ) ( ) * * PO.Box 80.166, 3508 TD Utrecht O O * * The Netherlands = o = * * Phone: ++ 31 30 2532033 Fax: ++ 31 30 2537997 * * 3 R's: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal experiments * From: IN%"oglardon@vtx.ch" 23-MAY-1996 08:18:54.06 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Introduction of myself to the Applied-ethology It is my pleasure to be a new subscriber to the applied-ethology network. As= requested I will use this mail to introduce myself to the group. My name is= Olivier Glardon. I studied veterinary medicine at the University of Berne,= Switzerland and got my Dr.med.vet. for a study on the influence of= acupuncture on blood cortisol level in horses. After three years as= assistant in large animal practices (including travels to the States and= China for acupuncture) and seven years as clinician and teacher at the= University of Berne and Zurich, I opened my own clinic for small animals= and horses in Yverdon, Switzerland. Since four years, I specialised in behaviour problems of domestic animals,= working part of my time with animals having that kind of troubles. My= special interest, beside training the humans and their compagnons, is= clinical research on pharmacotherapy of such behaviour problems.=20 Altough the topics I'm involved in are more on the side of the clinical= ethology, I would very much like to keep contact with more basic ethology= in domestic animals. With my best regards, Olivier glardon=20 Internet Provider: Groupe VTX From: IN%"rushenj@EM.AGR.CA" "Jeff Rushen" 24-MAY-1996 08:10:41.43 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: journal survey Many thanks to all of you who responded to my questionnaire regarding the ISAE journal. About one third of ISAE members replied, which is quite a reasonable response rate. However, we want to get the opinions of as many ISAE members as possible. Therefore if you 1. are a member of the ISAE, and 2. have not yet replied to the questionnaire, I throw myself on my knees and implore you to send it in ASAP. If, for some reason, you did not get the questionnaire, please send me a message. Jeff Rushen rushenj@em.agr.ca From: IN%"lsr1000@cus.cam.ac.uk" "Louise S. Rajack." 24-MAY-1996 12:24:59.19 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: A request for info. I would like to acquire some information on two very different, though not completely unrelated subjects: (1) Does anyone know of anyone who is involved in studying animal behaviour in the Caribbean, or, of any research that has been carried out concerning the fauna of the Caribbean? I suspect that some research will have been conducted on coral reefs, turtles and various birds of the islands. I would be grateful if anyone could let me know of any useful sources of references concerning this, or of any contacts who may be working in this area. (2) Could anyone direct me to any sources of information on pet-owner relationships in developing countries. Any help in either regard will be greatly appreciated! Many thanks, Louise. Louise S. Rajack (nee Reade). Animal welfare & Human-Animal Interactions Group Dept. Clin. Vet. Med. University of Cambridge Madingley Road CAMBRIDGE CB3 9BB. From: IN%"k9acad@iafrica.com" 26-MAY-1996 00:10:43.22 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Introduction from Africa Hi all I am a member of the APBC (Association of Pet Behaviour Consultants based in the UK - hence the link up with "applied-ethology") but I live in Natal, South Africa where I run a busy practice. I specialise in dogs with behaviour problems which range from the usual destructiveness to the less common obsessive,compulsive behaviours. My main interest is the latter (OCB) - specifically self-mutilation. I am also very interested in behavioural abnormalities in Zoo animals. I'm really excited to be connected and look forward to an interesting association with subscribers. Best regards GLYNNE ANDERSON k9acad@iafrica.com From: IN%"STOOKEY@sask.usask.ca" 27-MAY-1996 09:23:48.04 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Vice breaker collars for horses? Does anyone have any experience or knowledge on "vice breaker collars" for horses? I would like to know: 1) How are they designed to work? 2) What vices are they designed to prevent? 3) How effective/successful are they in preventing the problem vice? 4) Are they humane? 5) Would you recommend the use of such a collar? I expect I can find some of this information from a manufacturer, but if you have any insight on such a device please contact me. Thank you, Joe Stookey ============================================= Joseph M. Stookey Department of Herd Medicine and Theriogenology Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 Canada stookey@sask.usask.ca ============================================ From: IN%"STOOKEY@sask.usask.ca" 27-MAY-1996 17:06:58.32 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Vice breaker collars for horses? A few people have responded to my request on information concerning the use of ViceBreaker collars for horses. Just to set the record straight, there is a company called ViceBreaker, Inc in Whitewater, Colorado USA 81527. They are advertising and marketing a product called ViceBreaker that is an electronic shock collar which can be remotely controlled by the trainer. The advertisement suggests that the collar is effecting in helping to train horses not to crib, weave, wood chew, paw, door bang, kick or act aggressive. I am interested in hearing from anyone who has experience, knowledge or insight on the usefulness of this device. Thank you, Joe ========================================= Joseph M. Stookey Department of Herd Medicine and Theriogenology Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 Canada stookey@sask.usask.ca ======================================== From: IN%"kckissan@alpha.delta.edu" "Kelly Caithlin Kissane" 27-MAY-1996 19:21:54.76 To: IN%"lsr1000@cus.cam.ac.uk" "Louise S. Rajack." CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: A request for info. Louise, I dont' know of any particular study, but I do know that many American universities are involved in a Costa Rica summer research program. Undergrads and grad students spend a summer or a semester there and do only research on native Costa Rican fauna/flora. Kelly C. Kissane Grad student Central Michigan University arachnology/animal behavior From: IN%"kckissan@alpha.delta.edu" "Kelly Caithlin Kissane" 27-MAY-1996 19:23:46.39 To: IN%"lsr1000@cus.cam.ac.uk" "Louise S. Rajack." CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: A request for info. Louise, I dont' know of any particular study, but I do know that many American universities are involved in a Costa Rica summer research program. Undergrads and grad students spend a summer or a semester there and do only research on native Costa Rican fauna/flora. Kelly C. Kissane Grad student Central Michigan University arachnology/animal behavior From: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" "Frank Odberg" 28-MAY-1996 05:22:45.87 To: IN%"STOOKEY@sask.usask.ca" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" Subj: RE: Vice breaker collars for horses? Dear Joe, Just a quickand short reply by now as I've got to hurry. A local business contacted me a couple of years ago when they wanted to develop such a system in order to inhibit windsucking. I warned them for uncompetent use (re: what has happened with dogs) and that it was only ethical to use when the probable cause was suppressed, i.e. when the horse was turned out in pasture and had sufficient work and not left continuously in the stable. They realized well those problems, introduced elementary conditoning principles in their user's guide and require from their customers to fill in a questionnaire after some time. They report successes but I did not follow developments closely. I understand the horse rapidly knows he only gets the shock when the collar is on. So I wonder whether people leave the collar on initially sufficiently long without shock. It is also important that the horse does not see the person, or he tends to associate the presence with shock. It works, but when no shocks are given for some time, they tend to windsuck again. Although it was sold against windsucking, there are no reasons why it couldn't be used for other "stable vices". Very recently, some students were reacting to my appeal and are interested in observing the effects in a planned controlled procedure. Welfare aspects will be investigated as well. Let's keep in touch! Equine greetings, Frank The references of the Belgian manufacturer are: W.D'hanis Zavelstraat 3 B-2520 Ranst tel + I presume fax as well: +32-3-3531910 From: IN%"CROWELL-DAVIS.S@calc.vet.uga.edu" "Sharon Crowell-Davis" 28-MAY-1996 08:35:44.51 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Vice breaker collars for horses? Since the topic of the welfare aspect of a "shock collar" for horses has come up, I will mention an interesting piece I saw on television news the other day. A man has been arrested and charged with multiple criminal counts of child abuse for using a shock collar designed for dogs on his children, allegedly for misbehavior. One charge that stuck in my mind was "reckless endangerment". A judge commenting on the case emphasized that this was for ANIMALS, not people, and expressed strong revulsion at the idea of this being used on people. The reporters commented on it packing quite a wallop and did a demonstration of someone holding their hand on the collar and setting it off, resulting in a not unexpected jerk. This was an interesting differentiation. At this time, totally untrained people can legally buy a shock collar "over the counter" and use it on their animals however they see fit. Use one on a person and it's grounds for criminal charges of abuse and reckless endangerment. Sharon Crowell-Davis ********************************************** Sharon L. Crowell-Davis DVM, PhD Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Behaviorists College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 706-542-8343 FAX 706-542-0051 Email crowell-davis.s@calc.vet.uga.edu From: IN%"dacserm@biol.unipr.it" 28-MAY-1996 09:02:27.56 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Change of Address Dear all, I wish to attract your attention on my change of email address. It is the following: DACSERM@BIOL.UNIPR.IT Apart from this, Department's name, postal address, and other details have been not changed. Regards, Davide Csermely *=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=* = = + Davide Csermely , Assoc.Prof. of Vertebrate Zoology + = Dip. Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale Intl. Phone: +39-521-905632 = * Universita` di Parma Intl. Fax : +39-521-905657 * = Viale delle Scienze Email: DACSERM@biol.unipr.it = + 43100 Parma, Italy WWW : http://biol.unipr.it + = = *=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=* From: IN%"Paul=Koene%Etho%VH.WAU@Vines2.WAU.NL" "paul koene" 28-MAY-1996 09:23:43.27 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: poultry welfare conference Dear applied ethologists, We received approx. 100 pre-registration forms for the Poultry Welfare Symposium in 1997. We plan to send the second circular at the end of June. If you want to be sure to receive a second circular, please react by e-mail. We can send you the beautiful first circular and put you on the mailing list for the second circular. Yours sincerely, Paul Koene First circular: only the text 5th Poultry Welfare Symposium 7 - 10 June 1997 International Conference jointly organized by the Institute for Animal Science and Health and Wageningen Agricultrural University / Animal Husbandry, The Netherlands Background Since 1981 a symposium is organized on the welfare of poultry. The organizing committee is Working Group IX (Poultry Welfare) of the World Poultry Science Association (WPSA). The first symposium was held in K?ge (near Copenhagen) in Denmark; later symposia were held in 1984 in Celle (Germany), in 1989 in Tours (France) and in 1993 in Edinburgh (United Kingdom). At these symposia scientific results related to the welfare of chicken, turkey, duck and other species are presented. Fundamental and practical subjects such as behaviour, transport conditions, alternative housing, health etc. are discussed. The number of participants was generally around 125. Participants are researchers (veterinarians, ethologists, zostechnicians) as well as representatives of industry and welfare and consumer organizations. The fifth OPoultry Welfare SymposiumO will take place in 1997 in Wageningen, the Netherlands. Scientific programme The success of the preceding symposia has convinced the organizers not to change the structure of the programme drastically, although some more attention will be given to poster presentations. The basic programme, though, will consist of keynote lectures in several areas , followed by a number of free papers. In the lectures fundamental and applied aspects of poultry welfare will be presented. The lectures will be published in the proceedings which will be available at the beginning of the symposium. There will be ample time for poster viewing and posters will be on display during the whole symposium. Papers and posters of research on poultry welfare may be presented in the following areas: 1. Basic Biology and Production 2. Scientific Assessment of Housing Systems 3. Interfacing Genetics and Welfare 4. Stress and Immunology 5. Free Papers Round Tables on Stunning, Killing and Transport, Consumer Perception Pre-Conference Workshop on Behavioural Research Methods Practical Information The symposium language will be English. The registration fee will not exceed 400 dutch guilders and will include registration, prepublished proceedings, excursion, farewell dinner, lunch etc. Accommodation is not included. The second circular, to be distributed in June 1996, will contain * full details of the symposium programme * a registration form * information about the costs of accommodation, travel, submission of paper and poster abstracts and the social programme. The second circular will be sent upon receipt of your completed pre- registration form. Please, mail or fax this to the secretariat at the International Agricultural Centre without delay, but not later than31 Juner, 1996. Please forward all correspondence on organizational matters to Mrs. H. Kentie International Agricultrural Center (IAC) PO Box 88, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands Telephone +31 (0)317 490111 Telefax +31 (0)317 418552 Please forward correspondence on scientific matters to Dr H. Blokhuis Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-DLO), Edelhertweg 15, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad Telephone +31 (0)320 238238 Telefax +31 (0)320 238050 E-mail H.J.Blokhuis@agro.id.nl or (especially E-mail correspondence) Dr P. Koene Department of Animal Husbandry / Section Ethology PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands Telephone + 31 (0)317 482896 Telefax + 31 (0)317 485006 E-mail paul.koene@etho.vh.wau.nl Pre-registration form Please type or use capital letters Name Organization Address Country Telephone Fax E-mail I would like to give an oral presentation in subject area # .......... entitled I would like to present a poster in subject area # .......... entitled I would like to give a computer / video demonstration entitled Please ask for the first circular by e-mail (PK) and it will be send to you as soon as possible. Please mail or fax the registration form attached to the first circular to the IAC secretariat as soon as possible, but not later than 31 June, 1996. International Agricultural Centre PO Box 88 6700 AB Wageningen The Netherlands The second circular will only be sent to those who return the registration form present in the first circular to the International Agricultural Center. From: IN%"chewson@ovcnet.uoguelph.ca" "Caroline Hewson" 28-MAY-1996 12:13:03.58 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: Vice breaker collars for horses? Forwarded to: ext[applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca] cc: Comments by: Caroline Hewson@PopMed@OVC Comments: Dear all, Here are some thoughts on the use of electric shock collars when dealing with undesirable behaviours in horses. Caroline Hewson -------------------------- [Original Message] ------------------------- -------------------------- [Original Message] - Dear Joe, I've just read yr message re use of an electric shock collar to train horses. The following is an unedited response, some/all of which may be coals to Newcastle - for all of which I apologise in advance. I would be very cautious about using said collar for these reasons: a) the practical point that Frank Odberg mentioned - the horse would need to wear the collar all the time when it might otherwise crib-bite etc. b) More importantly, my understanding of a treatment is that it should be directed at the cause of the problem. Consider stable "vices" (anthropocentric term which is wholly inappropriate for animals, in my view): there is growing evidence that they stem from frustrated motivation --> a high state of arousal which the animal cannot reduce because e.g. the environment does not provide an appropriate means of de-arousal. The use of negative reinforcement or positive punishment (depending on how it's used, "ViceBreaker" collar could constitute either) does not address the frustration. c) If some horses that show these behaviours do indeed have some form of neurochemical imbalance in the brain (cf Dodman's work on endorphins; other supportive but certainly not conclusive evidence is the response of self- mutilating dogs and of humans with obsessive compulsive diosrder, to serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as clomipramien and fluoxetine [Prozac]) - if said imbalance exists, operant conditioning is not likely to help, esp use of punishment. I am persuaded by argument that "vices" are abnormal conflict behaviours; some may be normal - response to specific conflict - in which case no neurochemical imbalance. Either way, correct identification of prob is essential - cookbook approach (as is likely to happen when collar is used by those who don't know/understand both equine ethogram and principles of ethology and of learning) is not appropriate. d) Additional probs with punishment, demonstrated by Azrin (?) with pigeons in lab include (i) how much to give that individual for a given behaviour- too much reaks their heart, too little is ineffective and --> habituation) (ii) difficult to be consistent - ideally, for rapid learning, reward/punishment needs to be delivered within 0.5s of start of the behaviour (interesting article in "Sci American" July 1994 (?) re owrk in Aplysia sea snail, indicates biological basis for the well demo'd 1/2 second "rule"). If punishment/reward not consistent, horse won't assoc shock with behaviour but will just know that, out of the blue, he may/may not have a bad experience - unpredicatble --> v stressful esp for certain individuals. (iii) aversive stimuli and/or rewards can just increase arousal and it's been demonstr. that above or below an optimal level of arousal, learning does not occur (I have that ref somewhere) (iv) v. stressful to punish a behaviour and then not to provide an appropriate alternative means for de-arousal (= counterconditioning). In summary, I think a better approach to "vices" is to first address possible casue e.g. lack of partner to pair-bond with: many racehorse trainers have worked this out and it's quite common in Ireland/Britain to see horses arrive at the track with their compnaion hen/sheep in tow. As for using the collar as operant approach to normal but undesirable behaviours - concerns (i)-(iv) also apply. You mentioned horses that "act aggressive": that touched a nerve that has been sensitised by the approach to "aggressive" dogs so please pardon a brief rant: there are different motivations for aggression, requiring different treatments (cf vomiting - it's a sign, not a diagnosis - could be caused by pregnancy, ulcer, tumour, infection, inner-ear disease, foreign body, metabolic upset such as uraemia etc etc etc). I would therefore be very cautious in recommending the collar as a treatment for aggression in horses. Finally - Are you coming to Guelph for ISAE 96? I'm organising workshop re stereotyped/compulsive behaviour for the Thursday of ISAE 96 - animal scientists, ethologists, vets, psychiatrists + nreurobiologist addressing some specific qns. I've just finalised panel and will post the list. The workshop is open all so perhaps you could come along. Hope all is very well in Saskatoon. Best wishes, Caroline From: IN%"chewson@ovcnet.uoguelph.ca" "Caroline Hewson" 28-MAY-1996 16:19:48.43 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Stereotypy workshop - ISAE 96 Forwarded to: ext[applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca] cc: Comments by: Caroline Hewson@PopMed@OVC -------------------------- [Original Message] ------------------------- -------------------------- [Original Message] - --> Workshop on Naturally Occurring Stereotypic Behaviour in Animals <-- This workshop will be part of the annual conference of the International Society for Applied Ethology. It will be held from 11.00am - 5.00pm on Thursday August 15 1996 at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. The workshop will not coincide with any scientific presentations but will conflict with a social excursion to Niagara Falls. It will consist of panel discussions with opportunities for comments from the floor. CHAIR: Caroline Hewson PANEL MEMBERS (area of expertise in parentheses): - Jeff Rushen (pigs, calves) - John Savory (poultry) - Debbie Marsden (horses) - Georgia Mason (mink) - Andrew Luescher (dogs) - Alastair Lawrence (motivational aspects) - Francoise Wemelsfelder (suffering; behavioural fixation) - Henry Szechtman (neurobiology of stereotyped behaviour) - Richard Swinson (obsessive compulsive disorder in humans) - Laura Summerfeldt (animal models of OCD) - Marty Anthony (psychology of OCD) - TBA - clinican working with autism BACKGROUND Stereotypic or compulsive behaviour forms a distinct syndrome in domestic and captive animals. The syndrome is not fully understood but it may be similar, in some respects, to obsessive compulsive disorder in humans. Affected animals are a source of concern to the public as well of being of increasing interest to researchers. OBJECTIVES To develop a fuller understanding of stereotypic behaviour in animals through focussed discussion. In particular: (i) to identify similarities and differences between the behaviours shown in different species (including developmental, ethological and neurobiological aspects of the behaviours) (ii) to clarify terminology (stereotypy vs compulsive disorder vs obsessive compulsive disorder) (iii) to discuss diagnostic validity FORMAT 11.00: INTRODUCTION 11.15 - 1.00: PRESENTATIONS Short videos of typical stereotypic/compulsive behaviour seen in dogs, horses, mink, pigs, poultry and humans. Each video will be accompanied by a brief presentation outlining a) significance b) developmental, ethological/psychological and neurobiological aspects of the behaviours as understood in that species at present. 1.00 - 2.00: LUNCH 2.00 - 5.00: DISCUSSION of the questions below. After the panel have discussed each question, there will be an opportunity for comments from the floor. The panel will then agree on a summary statement before proceeding to the next question. QUESTION 1: What are the similarities between the behaviours in the different species with respect to: - development - ethology/psychology - neurobiology - causation QUESTION 2: What are the differences between the behaviours with respect to - development - ethology/psychology - neurobiology - causation QUESTION 3: What term should be used to identify the syndrome in animals. Why? QUESTION 4: Does the term have diagnostic validity? From: IN%"chewson@ovcnet.uoguelph.ca" "Caroline Hewson" 29-MAY-1996 10:59:30.46 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: S'typy workshop: IMPORTANT Many thanks to the several people who have expressed interest in the coming stereotypy workshop. This message is a general reply to your various questions REGISTRATION FOR THE WORKSHOP (i) There is no registration fee (ii) ***** IMPORTANT ***** Would all those who wish to attend the workshop, please contact me as soon as possible (a) to confirm your attendance (b) ***** indicating whether you have already paid to go to Niagara Falls and would now like to cancel that booking *****. LUNCH Lunch will not be provided at the workshop. Meals can be bought at one of the university cafeterias Caroline Hewson E-mail: chewson@ovcnet.uoguelph.ca Fax: (519) 763-3117 Address: Dept of Population Medicine University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1 From: IN%"eoprice@ucdavis.edu" "Edward O. Price" 29-MAY-1996 13:21:26.30 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology-error" CC: Subj: RE: S'typy workshop: IMPORTANT Caroline: I will be attending your workshop and will be available to report on litter (genetic - ?) and housing effects on the expression of stereotyped behavior in captive-reared black rats (Rattus rattus) if the opportunity presents itself. This is the work of my graduate student Michele Callard who is not planning to attend at this point. Edward Price UC Davis eoprice@ucdavis.edu ---------- >From: applied-ethology-error >To: applied-ethology >Subject: S'typy workshop: IMPORTANT >Date: Wednesday, May 29, 1996 12:38PM > > >Many thanks to the several people who have expressed interest in the coming >stereotypy workshop. This message is a general reply to your various questions > >REGISTRATION FOR THE WORKSHOP > >(i) There is no registration fee > >(ii) ***** IMPORTANT ***** > Would all those who wish to attend the workshop, please contact me as >soon as possible (a) to confirm your attendance > (b) ***** indicating whether you have already paid to go >to Niagara Falls and would now like to cancel that booking *****. > > >LUNCH > >Lunch will not be provided at the workshop. Meals can be bought at one of the >university cafeterias > > > >Caroline Hewson > >E-mail: chewson@ovcnet.uoguelph.ca >Fax: (519) 763-3117 >Address: Dept of Population Medicine >University of Guelph >Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1 > > From: IN%"M.B.M.BRACKE@imag.dlo.nl" "Marc Bracke, IMAG-DLO tel. 03147-476554" 30-MAY-1996 03:05:13.66 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: S'typy workshop: IMPORTANT I've booked for the falls, but would very much like to at least keep open the opportunity to attend the workshop. So, I'd prefer not to cancel the booking for the niagara waterfalls yet. (Will discuss the issue and reply later), sincerely marc bracke From: IN%"MSPINKA@APS.UoGuelph.CA" "Marek Spinka" 30-MAY-1996 18:42:07.31 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Marek Spinka: till August in Canada Hello everybody, Starting from now till August 20, I can be reached on the following address: Marek Spinka Room 249 Department of Animal & Poultry Science University of Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada E-mail: mspinka@aps.uoguelph.ca Fax: +1 519 836 9873 Phone: +1 519 824 4120 From: IN%"jnm13@cus.cam.ac.uk" 31-MAY-1996 05:34:34.11 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Natural lifespan of sows Dear all, Does anyone have any idea (real knowledge or guesstimate) as to age a commercial sow would live under different conditions, if she was allowed to die of old age rather than be culled! 1) gestation crates having 2.2 litters per year 2) commercial group systems having 2.2 litters per year 3) outdoor systems having 2.2 litters per year 4) Any of the above, but with reduced reproductive output I know that in commercial terms, a stall-housed sow over 7th parity would be considered as "old" but is this old in real terms? Any comments will be appreciated, Jeremy Dr. Jeremy Marchant, Animal Welfare and Human-Animal Interactions Group University of Cambridge, Dept. of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK. tel: +44 1223 330843 fax: +44 1223 330886 jnm13@cus.cam.ac.uk From: IN%"Lise.Dybkjaer%Foulum%Husdyr1@sh1.sh.dk" 31-MAY-1996 05:52:04.59 To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: RE: S'typy workshop: answer Dear Caroline Hewson. I have signed up for the Niagara excursion, but I have changed my mind: instead I would like to attend the stereotypy workshop, if possible. Would you please confirm my attendance. I have already paid for the Niagara Falls and would like to cancel that booking. Yours sincerely Lise Dybkjaer Danish Institute of Animal Science e-mail: ld5@sh.dk