From: IN%"PetherC@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au" "Petherick, Carol (TBC)" 31-OCT-2001 17:14:25.12 To: IN%"robin@coape.win-uk.net" "'Robin Walker'" CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology Network (E-mail)" Subj: RE: Bulls and magnesium All Robin asks if we are measuring the return to normal from arousal. Interpretation is difficult for many of the tests of 'temperament' for cattle. I (and some others) believe that temperament reflects the intrinsic fearfulness of an animal. So, an animal with poor temperament is very fearful (of everything!) and easily aroused. This makes it difficult to 'handle' (not necessarily physically, although this is frequently the case too) because all they have in mind is to escape from the stimulus/stimuli that evoke the fear. The flight speed test involves measuring the time it takes an animal to cover a set distance when it is released from brief confinement (usually released from the weighing crate into the race). We have debated whether this test measures general fearfulness or fear of specific stimuli or situations. It is probably a combination - the test involves social isolation, confinement, close proximity to humans etc, so all these factors are likely to contribute to the fear/escape response. However, we suspect that fear of humans is a key component as we have found a moderate correlation between flight speed and a test that does not involve social isolation and close confinement, but does involve close proximity to a person. The flight speed test is highly repeatable (r= 0.6-0.9), moderately heritable (0.4) and moderately to highly correlated with measures of productivity such as daily gains, feed conversion efficiency, intake and even some measures of carcase and meat quality. I think that, yes, the test may well be measuring a return to normal from arousal - the highly aroused animal will make a speedy escape to a situation (away from the fear-inducing situation) where it can return to normal. The less fearful animal is less aroused, so there is no need for a speedy escape - it is close to 'normal' in the test situation. Carol > -----Original Message----- > From: Robin Walker [SMTP:robin@coape.win-uk.net] > Sent: Thursday, 1 November 2001 6:42 > To: 'Petherick, Carol (TBC)' > Cc: Applied Ethology Network (E-mail) > Subject: RE: Bulls and magnesium > > All, > > It is interesting to discuss "optimal nutrition" and "optimal environment" > in contrast to "optimal adaptation". We touched on matters > relevant to this debate in 93. > > Quote- > > Donna, > > An interesting point! I don't think the prey/predator relationships > evolved to produce the kind of stress that the job insecure human > commuter endures every day! > > The prey creatures I have observed (real and imaged) seem to have > a remarkable ability to return their flight mechanisms to baseline > quickly. > > I think that swift *adjustment* is due in great part to the escape > reward counterbalancing the escape arousal. the more intense > the fear of the encounter the greater the measure of reward and > the quicker the return to grazing. I think Jeff Rushen made the > point that the prey creatures are very good at reading the > *vectors* and judging whether they are *It* !! > > As to the trapping of a small prey creature in a pen with the > predator I would say that the opportunity for balanced adjustment > of the flight physiology would be greatly reduced. > > I would extend this (indeed I did at a Cat Meeting last week) to the > situation where a selfish, obstinate human owner insists on > forcing two cats with desperate antipathy to co-habit! > > I pointed out to one lady that just fencing the house between the > two wretched cats was not enough. The threat proximity does > not allow tranquillity to descend and I strongly believe that > the immune status of the cats can be damaged. Even though > they cannot physically collide. > > Successful escape permits rest and sleep and the prompt resumption > of feeding. > > This is why soldiers must be withdrawn some distance from battle lines > to rest fully. > > The most graphic image in my mind is the Zebra watching lions eat > one of its fellows over on the edge of the herd. The angle of the neck, > the set of the head, the alert ears and luminous eyes have all the > outward signs of concern but the overriding preoccupation is really > the next mouthful of grass. > > Rather like the average human voting in a political election ! > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Racer-Reynolds Illustration [SMTP:dreyn@sirius.com] > Sent: 20 September 1998 17:29 > To: robin@coape.win-uk.net > Subject: Re: Doggie Addicts > > -----Original Message----- > From: Petherick, Carol (TBC) [mailto:PetherC@prose.dpi.qld.gov.au] > Sent: 30 October 2001 22:48 > To: 'ethology' > Subject: Bulls and magnesium > > end quote. > > > It seems to me that optimal survival skills might be associated > with optimal nutrition. This might not necessarily co-relate to > placidity or reduced reactivity. Measures of desirable "temperament" > might well not concur with the adaptive traits of vigilance, startle > or defensive aggression. > > I suppose the question for Carol is are we measuring the speed of > return to normal from arousal? > > Robin > > > > > > > All > Thanks to those who responded to my query. For those interested - from > what > I gathered it appears that a deficiency in magnesium is not uncommon in > cattle and the symptoms can include excitability, making cattle difficult > to > handle. Correcting the deficiency makes the animals calmer and more > tractable. > > Coincidentally I'm currently working with some Brahman bulls, half of > which > have been supplemented with commercial 'bull pellets' and the others have > just been grazing native pasture. I'm not sure if these pellets are the > same brand over which concern has been expressed. We have also been > recording the flight speed (measure of temperament) of these bulls. I > checked their speeds before supplementation started and the latest > measures > (about 5 months apart) and found that the unsupplemented animals have > stayed > about the same, whilst the supplemented bulls have actually got slightly > faster (ie their temperament has deteriorated slightly) - just the > opposite > effect to that suggested by those concerned about these commercial bull > feeds. > > Please Note Change of Address as of 19/11/01 > > AFFS (Beef) > Dept Primary Industries > PO Box 6014 > Rockhampton > Qld 4702 > Australia > > ph: (0)7 4936 0331 > fax: (0)7 4936 0390 > > Carol > > "The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way > its animals are treated." > Mahatma Gandhi > > Carol Petherick > Senior Scientist (Animal Behaviour and Welfare) > Queensland Beef Industry Institute > Tropical Beef Centre > PO Box 5545 > Central Qld Mail Centre > Rockhampton > Qld 4702 > Australia > > email: petherc@dpi.qld.gov.au > tel: (0)7 4923 8200 > fax: (0)7 4923 8222 > > > ********************************DISCLAIMER**************************** > The information contained in the above e-mail message or messages > (which includes any attachments) is confidential and may be legally > privileged. It is intended only for the use of the person or entity > to which it is addressed. If you are not the addressee any form of > disclosure, copying, modification, distribution or any action taken > or omitted in reliance on the information is unauthorised. Opinions > contained in the message(s) do not necessarily reflect the opinions > of the Queensland Government and its authorities. If you received > this communication in error, please notify the sender immediately and > delete it from your computer system network. > > ********************************DISCLAIMER**************************** The information contained in the above e-mail message or messages (which includes any attachments) is confidential and may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the use of the person or entity to which it is addressed. If you are not the addressee any form of disclosure, copying, modification, distribution or any action taken or omitted in reliance on the information is unauthorised. Opinions contained in the message(s) do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Queensland Government and its authorities. If you received this communication in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete it from your computer system network. From: IN%"aap28@cam.ac.uk" "Anabela Pinto" 1-NOV-2001 06:26:57.74 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "'ethology'" CC: Subj: labelling schemes and the meaning of labels dear colleagues On the web site http://www.animal-info.net I am setting up information about consumer products that in a way or another are considered to be "animal friendly". On this site I am interested in providing information about the following: 1- PRODCUTS BY LABEL SCHEME: the meaning of labelling schemes used in supermarkets and other retailers. e.g. The rabbit logo means NOT TESTED ON ANIMALS.. Who provides this certification, in which countries. 2-PRODUCTS BY BRAND NAMES: This is because that when we are shopping we look for the brand rather than for the manufacturer's name and although PETA and other institutions had produced lists of companies that do not test on animals, I would prefer to do this more consumer friendly. In our daily shopping habits we rarely look at the manufacturer's name and we do not walk around with a list of producers. Where can we buy certain products of common use such as cosmetics, washing up , food , that follow certain animal welfare regulations? 3-BY RETAILERS: When I go to the nearest superstore and I'm in a rush, which are the products/brands that each one of them are selling and are considered to be "animal friendly" The idea is mainly to provide some information for the consumer in a hurry but still willing to do some "ethical' shopping. Detailed information will then be provided by links to other sites. The meaning of "animal friendly" here includes everything from vegan to free range eggs, or freedom foods schemes. Is just a general and vague definition directed to consumers that like and are concerned about animals, but do not want to go very deep into all the ethics and evaluation methods behind certain concepts. If you have a look at http://www.animal-info.net, select the tab Consumer Products, and you will get a better idea of what I am intending to do. I would like to have information from other countries beyond the UK. All contributions would be welcome. Thanks Ana -- Dr Anabela A Pinto Animal Welfare and Human Animal Relationships Group Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Cambridge University Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES phone: +44- 1223 339 865 fax:+44-1223 330 886 mobile: 07930-890 272 http://www.vet.cam.ac.uk/AWHAIG/index.html http://www.vet.cam.ac.uk/ http://www.animal-info.net From: IN%"lcpmf@cca.ufsc.br" 1-NOV-2001 11:46:08.29 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: 2nd International Virtual Conference on Pork Quality Dear all, Please see below advertising for the 2nd International Virtual Conference on Pork Quality. It is free! ADVERTISEMENT WRITTEN IN ENGLISH AND PORTUGUESE ANÚNCIO ESCRITO EM INGLÊS E PORTUGUÊS ---------------------------------------------------------------- The 2nd International Virtual Conference on Pork Quality, has as the main objective the exchange of information and the integration of research centers and Universities recognized by their experience in this field. There will also be presented the experiences of the extension services, reflecting the difficulties and the doubts of the swine producers with main approach on the dynamic processes which drive the evolution of the swine production, specially those related of pork safety and sustainability of the pork production activity. The central point of this Conference reflects a wider spectrum about the sustainability of production with an important emphasis on consumer demand for pork quality. This year there will also be discussed issues related to genetics and nutrition which influence carcass and pork quality. This conference is a partnership among of the National Research Center for Swine and Poultry of the Brazilian Company for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA), LABEX (EMBRAPA'S Overseas Laboratory) and UnC, University of the Contestado - Concordia Campus. The virtual conference will be in Portuguese and English and will be held exclusively by Internet from November, 05 until December, 06 of 2001, at the following site: http://www.conferencia.uncnet.br/pork To participate, you need only subscribe to have free access to the conference. You are our guest to read the lectures, make comments and discuss the issues. The lectures / papers will be divided in nine Topics which will be moderated by one or more coordinators from Brazil or abroad. Virtual Conference's Topics 11-05 Official opening 11-06 Topic 1 Production and Pork Consumption in the World 11-08 Topic 2 Carcass classification, traceability and pork certification 11-13 Topic 3 Food Safety on Pork Production 11-15 Topic 4 Sustenance of Swine Production Systems and Pork Quality 11-20 Topic 5 Perspectives, Strategies and Genetic Advances on Pork Production and Quality 11-22 Topic 6 Understanding Meat and Fat Genes 11-27 Topic 7 Lean growth curves. Technical and Economic Aspects 11-29 Topic 8 Effects of Nutrition on Carcass and Pork Quality 12-04 Topic 9 Strategies for Pork Quality Maintenance 12-06 Official Closing At this site, you will found about 30 articles written by lecturers from many countries. If you need further information, please access the conference site http://www.conferencia.uncnet.br/pork or contact by e-mail at jra@cnpsa.embrapa.br The sponsors of this conference are: ABIPECS, CNPq, Big Dutchman, Seghers and Elanco. REMINDER! This message is sent in agreement of the new legislation on e-mail, Section 301, Paragraph (a) (2) (c) Decree S. 1618, Heading Third approved by the " 105 Congress Base of Normative International on the Spam ". This email could not be considered Spam when it includes a form of being removed. To remove your email of our data base and to stop receiving invitations from some of our events, please send an email to jra@cnpsa.embrapa.br and in the Assunto/Subject field write REMOVE - (write the email that will be removed), it is not necessary to write in the body of the message. A IIª Conferência Internacional Virtual sobre Qualidade de Carne Suína tem como principal objetivo a troca de informações e a integração de Centros de Pesquisa e Universidades reconhecidos por suas experiências na área. Além disso, durante a conferência, serão apresentadas as experiências dos extensionistas, refletindo as dificuldades e os anseios dos suinocultores, com ênfase nos processos dinâmicos que condicionam a evolução da suinocultura, sobretudo no que diz respeito à segurança alimentar e à sustentabilidade da atividade. O eixo central dessa conferência repousa sobre a visão mais ampla de produção sustentável, tendo como importante referencial a demanda que os consumidores fazem no quesito qualidade da carne. Nessa edição também serão abordadas algumas das questões relacionadas com a genética e a nutrição que influenciam a qualidade da carcaça e da carne suína. Esse evento é uma promoção da Embrapa Suínos e Aves, auxiliada pelos co-promotores LABEX - Laboratório da Embrapa no exterior - EUA e a UnC - Universidade do Contestado – Unidade Universitária de Concórdia. A conferência virtual será em português e inglês e se realizará no período de 5 de novembro a 06 de dezembro de 2001, exclusivamente pela Internet no endereço abaixo: http://www.conferencia.uncnet.br/pork Para participar basta se inscrever. O acesso a conferência é gratuito e você é nosso convidado para participar através da leitura das palestras, fazendo comentários e participando dos debates. As palestras estarão divididas em nome tópicos que serão moderados por um ou mais Coordenadores do Brasil ou do Exterior. Veja a nossa programação: 05/11 Abertura Oficial 06/11 Tópico 1 - Produção e Consumo de Carne Suína no Mundo 08/11 Tópico 2 - Tipificação de Carcaças, Rastreabilidade e Certificação 13/11 Tópico 3 - Segurança Alimentar na Produção de Carne Suína 15/11 Tópico 4 - Sustentabilidade dos Sistemas de Produção de Carne de Qualidade 20/11 Tópico 5 - Perspectivas, Estratégias e os Avanços do Melhoramento Genético na Qualidade e Produção de Carne 22/11 Tópico 6 - Decifrando os Genes da Carne e da Gordura 27/11 Tópico 7 - Curvas de Produção de Carne Suína. Aspectos Técnicos e Econômicos 29/11 Tópico 8 - Efeito da Nutrição sobre a Qualidade da Carcaça e da Carne 04/12 Tópico 9 - Estratégias para Manutenção da Qualidade da Carne 06/12- Encerramento Oficial Acesse e faça a sua inscrição grátis => http://www.conferencia.uncnet.br/pork . Nesse endereço você encontrará mais de 30 palestras escritas por profissionais de vários países. Para maiores esclarecimentos consulte o site da Conferência na Internet http://www.conferencia.uncnet.br/pork , ou contate por e-mail com jra@cnpsa.embrapa.br Os patrocinadores desta conferência são: ABIPECS, CNPq, Big Dutchman, Seghers e Elanco. LEMBRETE! Esta mensagem é enviada com a complacência da nova legislação sobre correio eletrônico, Seção 301, Parágrafo (a) (2) (c) Decreto S. 1618, Título Terceiro aprovado pelo "105 Congresso Base das Normativas Internacionais sobre o SPAM". Este e-mail não poderá ser considerado SPAM quando inclua uma forma de ser removido. Para remover seu e-mail do nosso banco de dados e deixar de receber convites para alguns de nossos eventos, por favor envie um e-mail para jra@cnpsa.embrapa.br e no campo Assunto/Subject escreva REMOVE (escreva o e-mail que será removido), não é necessário escrever no corpo da mensagem. From: IN%"mcgees@tcd.ie" "Sieglinde McGee" 2-NOV-2001 06:51:43.05 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: new subscriber (equine behaviour) says hello! Greetings from Ireland! I am a postgraduate (mature) student with the Department of Psychology, University of Dublin (Trinity College), Ireland. My (entire) undergraduate degree is in psychology and I am currently in my second year of postgraduate research on the topic: "Reduction of distress in preweaned thoroughbred foals while separated from the mare during covering: Implications for stereotypy development". I have, at this stage, conducted a pilot study on a leading Irish thoroughbred stud farm and will be developing this further during the 2002 breeding season (Feb-July) with a handful (those still available) to be involved in a weaning-time study also. All these animals will then be followed up once they enter training as two-year-olds. In addition to my academic research I have spent nearly 20 years researching bloodlines, racing form and handicap ratings of Northern Hemisphere thoroughbred horses and have a regular column (feature page) in a leading trade paper. Regards, Sieglinde McGee (Ms) From: IN%"meredith@farmline.com" "Michael Meredith" 2-NOV-2001 09:17:47.77 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Ethology Posting" CC: Subj: Group size in pigs, stress and the immune system New research, published this month in the UK Pig Veterinary Society's journal , into the epidemics of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) that are sweeping the major pig-producing countries of the world, brings into even sharper focus the topic of stress effects on the immune system. Can I ask applied ethologists to update on me the latest research findings on stress and group size in recently weaned pigs please? I seem to recall that small post-weaning groups (2 or 3 litters mixed together) can produce quite intense "us and them" fighting, whereas larger groups, with a wide variety of "strangers", are associated with less social stress. On the other hand,VERY large groups (? size) produce chronic social stress because a stable hierarchy is not easily developed. So what is the optimum group size for recently-weaned pigs on practical commercial farms? My question arises because some of the farms here, suffering PMWS problems, are keeping pigs weaned at around 4 weeks of age in groups of around 100 animals. Could groups this big be impairing immune function? Since first reported in Canada in 1991, PMWS has emerged all over the world and is still increasing. The economic effects are devastating, outbreaks on affected farms typically last from six to eighteen months, with 5-15% mortality, impaired food conversion efficiency and lowered growth rates. There is no effective cure. Although clearly and consistently associated with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection, PMWS cannot be reproduced by inoculation of PCV2 alone. In fact PCV2 is a common and usually non-pathogenic virus on pig farms. So what are the co-factors that allow PCV2 to become pathogenic and manifest as PMWS? Evidence is now accumulating that pathogenic PCV2 infection may result from an overwhelming challenge to the immune system when pigs are weaned early (e.g. three to four weeks of age). Immune system lesions are in fact a prominent feature of the disease. Under typical intensive farming conditions, weaning is a time when the young pig's immune system faces challenge from a variety of novel infectious agents as a result of moving to rearing accomodation combined with mixing with other pigs. Porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) infections are often seen, though mostly sub-clinically, in the weeks following weaning. Experimentally, PRRSV and PPV have induced PMWS in pigs inoculated with PCV2, in circumstances where PCV2 inoculation alone was ineffective. Research just published in the November (vol 48) edition of "The Pig Journal" (organ of the UK Pig Veterinary Society) draws attention to another possible co-factor of the emergence of this devastating disease - the growing use over the last few years of a multiplicity of vaccines in young pigs. The hypothesis is that powerful antigenic challenges from modern vaccines may, in some situations, contribute to an "overwhelming" of the early-weaned pig's immune system. To test this hypothesis, the authors, withdrew a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination programme from approximately 50% of the piglets born over a 4 months period. In non-vaccinated animals, losses due to PMWS were reduced in 4 out of 5 groups studied. Another paper in the same journal reports on a case:control study of PMWS in which risk factors for the disease included large farm size and more numerous breeding stock introductions. So it may be that a variety of management factors that have increased in recent years, as a response to economic pressures and price competition, may be becoming counter-productive, these could include a trend towards larger group sizes for young growing pigs. Further details of this new research and a reference list can be found at: http://www.pighealth.com/circovirus.htm Mike Meredith *=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=* Pig Disease Information Centre [registered non-clinical veterinary practice] 4, New Close Farm Business Park Bar Road, Lolworth, Cambs., CB3 8DS, U.K. Email: pdic@btclick.com http://www.PIGHEALTH.COM Members of AHIS (Animal Health Information Specialists) UK & Ireland *=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*+=*+=* From: IN%"chajeakie@wanadoo.fr" "chajeakie" 2-NOV-2001 16:52:24.03 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: S'agissant =?UNKNOWN?Q?s=FBrement?= d'un oubli, nous vous faisons. 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During the summer months (June 1st through August 31st) the call center remains open during the above hours, but the walk-in help desk is closed in the morning. _________________________________ DCS Help & Information Telephone: (306) 966-4817 University of Saskatchewan Facsimile: (306) 966-6899 9 Campus Drive, Room 70 Arts Email: Help.Desk@usask.ca Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A5 --Boundary_(ID_caB8QMpr2ezJqwnZ6rum0Q) Content-type: application/octet-stream; name=VOYAGE~1.DOC Content-transfer-encoding: BASE64 Content-disposition: attachment; filename=VOYAGE~1.DOC 0M8R4KGxGuEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgADAP7/CQAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAAA AQAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAgAAAAEAAAD+////AAAAAAAAAAD///////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 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Reciprocal greetings from Aotearoa New Zealand I am interested in what methods you use to reduce distress, and the general reason given for separation during service. I assume this is a result of concern that stallions may attack foal? Do you think the stress caused to the mare during this separation is a factor in the low conception rates generally achieved in the TB industry? Do you have any plans to follow filly foals through to breeding age so that sexual stereotypes can be recorded? I have data gathered from 'semi-range kept' harem groups - comparisons might be illuminating! Regards Andy Beck White Horse Equine Ethology Project Northland, NZ http://www.equine-behavior.com ----- Original Message ----- From: "Sieglinde McGee" To: Sent: Saturday, November 03, 2001 9:51 AM Subject: new subscriber (equine behaviour) says hello! > Greetings from Ireland! > > I am a postgraduate (mature) student with the Department of Psychology, > University of Dublin (Trinity College), Ireland. My (entire) undergraduate > degree is in psychology and I am currently in my second year of > postgraduate research on the topic: > "Reduction of distress in preweaned thoroughbred foals while separated from > the mare during covering: Implications for stereotypy development". > > I have, at this stage, conducted a pilot study on a leading Irish > thoroughbred stud farm and will be developing this further during the 2002 > breeding season (Feb-July) with a handful (those still available) to be > involved in a weaning-time study also. All these animals will then be > followed up once they enter training as two-year-olds. > > In addition to my academic research I have spent nearly 20 years > researching bloodlines, racing form and handicap ratings of Northern > Hemisphere thoroughbred horses and have a regular column (feature page) in > a leading trade paper. > > Regards, > Sieglinde McGee (Ms) > > From: IN%"ikilledkenny@mindspring.com" "Stephanie Johnson" 3-NOV-2001 12:34:37.00 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Career Plan Information I am doing my high school 120 hour Senior project on a career plan in ethology. If any one has any helpful information about what would be the proper steps to obtain a careet in ethology it would be tremendously helpful to me. There are several things that I need to know for my project: a.. How many fields or sub-fields are related to ethology and what are they? b.. What are some of the personal requirements or strengths that are helpful or necessary for this field? c.. What are some ideas for gaining experience prior to college? d.. What are some college requirments, like some basic course and specific areas of study? e.. Duties for these types of careers. f.. What are some good books that have related information? g.. What are salary possibilities and expectations? h.. What are some of the jobs available within this general field? i.. What are the job availabilties in related fields? j.. What the possible school/college choices? k.. What type of degrees are available or necessary? l.. Cost of schooling, scholarship availabiltiy. And my last and most important question. Is there anyone in the Seattle area that would be able or willing to be my "field expert"? I would need to keep in contact with this person throughout my entire project ending in May or June. I would need this person to be available as my mentor and to exchange information when needed. Any information given would be helpful and I Thank you in advance. Thank you, Stephanie Johnson From: IN%"Niamh.O\sConnell@dardni.gov.uk" 5-NOV-2001 11:41:51.03 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"meredith@farmline.com" CC: Subj: RE: Group size in pigs, stress and the immune system --Boundary_(ID_tvcqb9gglrxl62DOSLG1Xw) Content-type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Boundary_(ID_BRYFqu2rTp9YeCXt7fd7Cw)" --Boundary_(ID_BRYFqu2rTp9YeCXt7fd7Cw) Content-type: text/plain; name=BDY.RTF; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Content-disposition: inline; filename=BDY.RTF Dear Mike In response to your mail on PMWS and possible effects of group size, we have carried out some research here in Hillsborough looking at the effect of group size on productivity and behaviour as part of an ongoing project on optimum management strategies for weaned pigs. In brief, we assigned 1280 pigs to groups of 10, 20, 30, 40 or 60 pigs from weaning at 4 weeks of age until the end of stage 2 at 10 weeks. All groups were balanced for gender and weight and randomised over litters. The pigs were housed on plastic slatted floors at 0.38m2/pig and one four-space feeder was provided per ten pigs. Parameters measured included productivity and aggression at the feeder but not immune status unfortunately. We found no significant effect of group size on growth rate, feed intake or feed conversion during either the 3 or 6 week post weaning period, and no significant effect of group size on aggression at the feeder. Basically our findings show no evidence of stepwise effects on parameters which may be indicative of stress, such as productivity or aggression, when you increase groups of weaned pigs from 10 to 60 animals. This research is currently being written up as a scientific paper but is published in abstract form as follows: O'Connell, N.E., Beattie, V.E. and Weatherup, R.N. (2001) Influence of group size on the performance and behaviour of 4 to 10 week old pigs. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science Annual Conference, York, p48. Hope this is of some help Best wishes Niamh O'Connell -----Original Message----- From: meredith [mailto:meredith@farmline.com] Sent: 02 November 2001 15:10 To: Applied-ethology Cc: meredith Subject: Group size in pigs, stress and the immune system New research, published this month in the UK Pig Veterinary Society's journal , into the epidemics of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) that are sweeping the major pig-producing countries of the world, brings into even sharper focus the topic of stress effects on the immune system. Can I ask applied ethologists to update on me the latest research findings on stress and group size in recently weaned pigs please? I seem to recall that small post-weaning groups (2 or 3 litters mixed together) can produce quite intense "us and them" fighting, whereas larger groups, with a wide variety of "strangers", are associated with less social stress. On the other hand,VERY large groups (? size) produce chronic social stress because a stable hierarchy is not easily developed. So what is the optimum group size for recently-weaned pigs on practical commercial farms? My question arises because some of the farms here, suffering PMWS problems, are keeping pigs weaned at around 4 weeks of age in groups of around 100 animals. Could groups this big be impairing immune function? Since first reported in Canada in 1991, PMWS has emerged all over the world and is still increasing. The economic effects are devastating, outbreaks on affected farms typically last from six to eighteen months, with 5-15% mortality, impaired food conversion efficiency and lowered growth rates. There is no effective cure. Although clearly and consistently associated with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection, PMWS cannot be reproduced by inoculation of PCV2 alone. In fact PCV2 is a common and usually non-pathogenic virus on pig farms. So what are the co-factors that allow PCV2 to become pathogenic and manifest as PMWS? Evidence is now accumulating that pathogenic PCV2 infection may result from an overwhelming challenge to the immune system when pigs are weaned early (e.g. three to four weeks of age). Immune system lesions are in fact a prominent feature of the disease. Under typical intensive farming conditions, weaning is a time when the young pig's immune system faces challenge from a variety of novel infectious agents as a result of moving to rearing accomodation combined with mixing with other pigs. Porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) infections are often seen, though mostly sub-clinically, in the weeks following weaning. Experimentally, PRRSV and PPV have induced PMWS in pigs inoculated with PCV2, in circumstances where PCV2 inoculation alone was ineffective. Research just published in the November (vol 48) edition of "The Pig Journal" (organ of the UK Pig Veterinary Society) draws attention to another possible co-factor of the emergence of this devastating disease - the growing use over the last few years of a multiplicity of vaccines in young pigs. The hypothesis is that powerful antigenic challenges from modern vaccines may, in some situations, contribute to an "overwhelming" of the early-weaned pig's immune system. To test this hypothesis, the authors, withdrew a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination programme from approximately 50% of the piglets born over a 4 months period. In non-vaccinated animals, losses due to PMWS were reduced in 4 out of 5 groups studied. Another paper in the same journal reports on a case:control study of PMWS in which risk factors for the disease included large farm size and more numerous breeding stock introductions. So it may be that a variety of management factors that have increased in recent years, as a response to economic pressures and price competition, may be becoming counter-productive, these could include a trend towards larger group sizes for young growing pigs. Further details of this new research and a reference list can be found at: http://www.pighealth.com/circovirus.htm Mike Meredith *=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=* Pig Disease Information Centre [registered non-clinical veterinary practice] 4, New Close Farm Business Park Bar Road, Lolworth, Cambs., CB3 8DS, U.K. Email: pdic@btclick.com http://www.PIGHEALTH.COM Members of AHIS (Animal Health Information Specialists) UK & Ireland *=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*+=*+=* --Boundary_(ID_BRYFqu2rTp9YeCXt7fd7Cw) Content-type: application/rtf; name=BDY.RTF Content-transfer-encoding: BASE64 Content-disposition: attachment; filename=BDY.RTF e1xydGYxXGFuc2lcYW5zaWNwZzEyNTJcZnJvbXRleHQgXGRlZmYwe1xmb250dGJs DQp7XGYwXGZzd2lzcyBBcmlhbDt9DQp7XGYxXGZtb2Rlcm4gQ291cmllciBOZXc7 fQ0Ke1xmMlxmbmlsXGZjaGFyc2V0MiBTeW1ib2w7fQ0Ke1xmM1xmbW9kZXJuXGZj aGFyc2V0MCBDb3VyaWVyIE5ldzt9fQ0Ke1xjb2xvcnRibFxyZWQwXGdyZWVuMFxi bHVlMDtccmVkMFxncmVlbjBcYmx1ZTI1NTt9DQpcdWMxXHBhcmRccGxhaW5cZGVm 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8-NOV-2001 00:26:13.96 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied-ethology" CC: Subj: Foxes Hi all, I was wondering if anyone has any experience with learning behaviour and/or training of fox cubs. So far I have been unable to come up with any detailed information. Thanks for your help. Katherine From: IN%"mjturgeon@cdpqinc.qc.ca" "=?iso-8859-1?Q?Marie-Jos=E9e_Turgeon?=" 8-NOV-2001 07:47:38.93 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology Network (E-mail)" CC: Subj: TR: ANTHRAX IN SWINE: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ANTHRAX IN SWINE The following information on Anthrax was written by the Swine Vet Center, P.A. of St. Peter Minnesota and circulated in a client newsletter. They are pleased to share this with members for use in their own client newsletters. If you have a client newsletter article that you would like to share, please send it to Sandy Amass (amasss@vet.purdue.edu) and we will distribute it to AASV members on the AASV e-Letter. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW We've had questions from clients about anthrax in pigs, so we thought we should give you some background information. Pigs can be infected with anthrax, but they are more resistant to infection than other species and are rarely exposed to the bacterium. However, there are historical large-scale exposures in the U. S. from feed containing contamination meat and bone meal. full story online: http://www.aasv.org/news/story.php?id=78 From: IN%"meredith@farmline.com" "Michael Meredith" 8-NOV-2001 08:30:23.00 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Ethology Posting" CC: IN%"amasss@vet.purdue.edu" Subj: RE: ANTHRAX Thanks for this news link Marie-Josée, We have a fascinating, on-line, illustrated lecture on Anthrax in animals and people at: http://www.pighealth.com/Scourse/anthrax.htm Best Wishes Mike Meredith From: IN%"Jon.Day@adas.co.uk" "Jon Day" 8-NOV-2001 08:36:43.03 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca", IN%"ISAEnet-l@usask.ca" CC: Subj: WANTED: ISAE UK and Eire Regional Secretary Dear members of the ISAE based in the UK and Eire region, NOMINATIONS REQUIRED FOR THE POST OF REGIONAL SECRETARY At the 2002 annual meeting of the UK and Eire region it is my intention to step-down as the ISAE Regional Secretary. I have now been in-post since December 1998 and have achieved the objectives which I set for my period of office. 1. To stay in post for not longer than 3 years 2. To poll for members' views on the format and location of the regional Winter meeting, and to action the majority view from 1999. 3. To establish a working committee to aid in the decision making process and organisation of both the Winter Meeting and other events in UK and Eire. 4. To establish an e-mail distribution list for the circulation of information to UK and Eire members 5. To raise the profile of the ISAE at the Institute of Biology 6. To promote the activities of the ISAE to a wider audience in the UK and Eire. The post of Regional Secretary is a very important one for the ISAE and provides an ideal opportunity to shape the activities of the society. I would, therefore, like to call for nominations for this important post in our region. Could anyone who is interested in the post please notify me by Friday 21st December? I would be most willing to discuss the 'job specification' with anyone who wishes to find out more. Kind regards, Jon. _______________________________ Dr. Jon E. L. Day ADAS Terrington Terrington St. Clement Kings Lynn Norfolk PE34 4PW Direct line: +44 (0)1553 825891 Secretary : +44 (0)1553 828621 Fax: +44 (0)1553 827229 e_mail: Jon.Day@adas.co.uk ******************************************************************************* The information transmitted is intended only for the addressee and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by parties other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you receive this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer. Opinions and other information in this message that do not relate to the official business of ADAS are neither given nor endorsed by it. For more information on ADAS, visit our website at http://www.adas.co.uk. ******************************************************************************* From: IN%"JJCooper@dmu.ac.uk" "Jonathan Cooper" 13-NOV-2001 06:03:45.66 To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "ISAE (E-mail)", IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied Ethology" CC: Subj: Job advert This message is in MIME format. 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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA= --Boundary_(ID_7w1JsXRGZHoq4ZepLzXdLg) Content-type: text/x-vcard; name=frank.odberg.vcf Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Content-disposition: attachment; filename=frank.odberg.vcf Content-description: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Card_for_Frank_O=2E_=D6dberg?= begin:vcard=20 tel;fax:+32 (0)9 2647849 tel;work:+32 (0)9 2647804 x-mozilla-html:FALSE org:Ghent University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine;Dpt. of Animal = Nutrition, Genetics & Ethology n;quoted-printable:=3DD6dberg;Frank O. adr:;;Heidestraat 19;Merelbeke;;B-9820;Belgium version:2.1 email;internet:frank.odberg@rug.ac.be fn:Prof.Dr. Frank O. =D6dberg end:vcard --Boundary_(ID_7w1JsXRGZHoq4ZepLzXdLg)-- From: IN%"kristin.hagen@vu-wien.ac.at" "Kristin Hagen" 13-NOV-2001 10:57:29.26 To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" CC: Subj: Polar new S810 codes - and salivary cortisol thanks Hello thanks everybody who responded to my salivary cortisol in cows request! = Your help has been greatly appreciated. When I get around to it I will = send the compiled reference list to the net. In the meanwhile I have another question. Has anybody tried the new = Polar heart rate monitors S810 yet? We've just purchased quite a few, = welcoming the doubled storage space since the Vantage NV model. However, = the S810 seem to have the following unexpected quirk: I can't get them = to display the codes found in coded transmission! In the old models this = was done easily by holding the monitor close to the transmitter. For the = new model this means I have coded transmission but I do not know on what = frequency. So if I measure 15 animals simultaneously, while all of them = have coded transmission some may have the same code (i.e. same = transmission wavelength) without my knowledge! This could lead not only = to loss of data, but also to errors in the data where a monitor receives = signals from another animal's transmitter - and in some cases these = errors may not be detectable! My local distributor does not know a solution and I'm waiting for a = reply from Polar. Does anybody know a way to display the codes in the = S810? If it is true that there is no way to display the codes, this makes the = S810 higly unsuitable for many kinds of animal research and those = contemplating to purchase the new model should be aware of this. Cheers, Kristin Hagen ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kristin Hagen Institute of Animal Husbandry and Animal Welfare University of Veterinary Sciences Vienna Veterin=E4rplatz 1 1210 Wien Austria Tel. +43 (0)1 25077 4910 / 4901 Fax. +43 (0)1 25077 4990